Aframomum stipulatum
Found in Africa Aframomum Stipulatum grows wild in tropical forests. Scientists of African origin, intrigued by the sexual vitality of certain tribes, discovered that this plant was used as a spice to season food, and was at the source of this sexual vitality.

Alfalfa Medicago sativa
Medicago sativa is a cultigen species derived mainly from M. coerulea which is indigenous to southwestern Iran, the Caucasus and eastern Anatolia.

American Ginseng
Panax quinquefolius L. Araliacae, is rare, medicinal plant actively harvested from the wild across its range in North America.American Indian tribes use it as a love potion and charm. It is world's number one aphrodisiac.

Angelica Root
This herb is the root of Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels, a perennial aromatic plant, of the family Umbelliferae. Native to China, it is grown on high ground in cool and damp areas of western and northwestern parts of the country.

Anise Seed
Star anise is today grown almost exclusively in southern China,Well known to the Greeks, mentioned by Dioscorides and Pliny and was cultivated in Tuscany in Roman times. In the Middle Ages its cultivation spread to Central Europe.

Apple Peel
Apples have long been associated with witches. As in Snow White, witches were said to have used apples to poison or to bewitch.Although no one type of fruit is specified in Genesis, in Christian folklore, the apple is portrayed as the fruit of knowledge eaten by the disobedient Eve and Adam.

Apricot Kernels
The Sweet Almond tree has dark-colored bark, rose to white flowers in early spring, and dry-fleshed fruit with a pitted stone containing the nut. Almonds flavor many dishes.

Argyreia speciosa
The roots and seeds of Elephant Creeper have been used as a support of the nervous system, a geriatric tonic and mild aphrodisiac. The whole plant is reported to have purifying properties.

Artichoke leaf(Cynara Scolymus).
Used as a food and a medical remedy as early as the 4th century B.C., the artichoke plant has a long history. At the time, a pupil of Aristotle named Theophrastus was one of the first to describe the plant in detail.

Atractylodes Rhizome
This herb is the rhizome of Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC., or Atractylodes(DC.) koidz (family Compositae), produced mainly in Jiangsu and Hubei provinces and Inner Mongolia of China.

Asparagus Officinalis
Asparagus Root is a highly regarded herb worldwide. Asparagus is used by homeopaths in the treatment of rheumatism and edema due to heart failure. This herb is considered a diuretic, and will clear sediment from the bladder.

Asteracantha longifolia
Asteracantha known as Mokhla kanta, is one of the common wasteland weeds in Chhattisgarh.The roots, leaves and seeds have been used in Indian systems of medicine as diuretics and also employed to cure jaundice, dropsy, rheumatism, anasarca and diseases of the urinogenital tract.

Astragalus membranaceus
Astragulus is one of the best root medicine in Oriental tradition and a member of the pea family. It first mentioned in Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing. Chinese name, huang-qi, means "yellow leader" for it is a superior tonic to invigorate vital energy (qi).

Algae,Bladderwrack,Kelp.
Kelp, commonly referred to as seaweed, grows along the coastlines. It is solely dependant upon receiving its nutrients from the ocean, and can grow up to two feet in one day. Kelp is an abundant source of natural vitamins, minerals and some amino acids.

Aloe vera,Aloe barbadensis Miller.
Aloe origned from arab words "allcoh", a traditional herb from ancient Egypt,its effects identified by people of ancient Egypt and called as "Secret Plant". Legend has it that Aloe vera was one of Cleopatra's secrets for keeping her skin soft. Pliny and Dioscorides of ancient Greece wrote of the healing effects of this plant.

Apple cider vinegar.
Apple Cider Vinegar:Apple cider vinegar is an acidic solution produced by fermenting apples. The combination of the acidic vinegar and fruit pectin is supposedly the reason behind this solution's "fat burning effects".The Babylonians first converted wine into vinegar in 5000 BCE using date palms, grapes, and figs, and believed vinegar had exceptional healing properties.

Apple Peel and Core Extract.Apple Polyphenol.
The terms "phenolics" or "plant phenolics" have been developed and been adopted in the art for a class or type of these compounds because these compounds include in their formula a hydroxyl (OH) function attached to an aromatic carbon atom in analogy to the well known chemical phenol,the phenolics isolated from fruits, primarily from apples, include gallic acid, flavan-3ols, flavonols, phloridzin, cinnamates, hydroxymethyl furfural and anthocyanins.

Barley,Scotch Barley
During the latter part of the Stone Age, early man was sprinkling grains of barley over various foods, adding a chewy, nutty quality to his meals. Humans had not yet discovered how to grind grain into flour.

Beer lees.Active Dry Yeast
Yeast extract is the common name for yeast autolysates, that is, concentrations of yeast cells that are allowed to die and break up, so that the yeasts' digestive enzymes break their proteins down into simpler compounds.

Bitter melon,Momordica charantia
Bitter Melon grows in tropical areas, including parts of East Africa, Asia, the Caribbean, and South America, where it is used as a food as well as a medicine. Bitter Melon is being studied in the support treatment of diabetes and psoriasis.

Black Cohosh,Cimicifuga racemosa
Gynecologically, in North America, it is thought that black cohosh balances estrogen by stabilizing it. In herbalism it is thought to have an estrogenic action, which actively works to reduce progesterone and promote estrogen levels in the body.

Black Currant Seed.Ribes nigrum
Black currant (Ribes nigrum) is a fruit native to woodlands. In addition to the anthocyanin glycosides which are responsible for its color, black currant concentrate also contains sugars and acids (including citric acid) typical of fruits.

Black Bean,Phaseolus Vulgaris
Black beans also contain compounds called polyphenols that are useful for those with elevated cholesterol because they act as antioxidants in the bloodstream, preventing cholesterol from oxidation by free radicals.

Black rice,purple aromatic rice
Chinese Black Rice is a short grain Rice with a high gluten content making it perfect for both sweet and savory dishes. It is also known as Chinese Forbidden Black Rice.

Black Sesame Seed.Sesame indicum
Black sesame seed is a very good tonic herb. It builds Yin Jing, and therefore it is a longevity herb. In addition to its essence-building capacity, Black Sesame also builds blood. It acts in much the same way as Polygonum.

Black Pepper.Piper nigrum L.
Black pepper is native to Malabar, a region in the Western Coast of South India; today, this region belongs to the union state Kerala.Its action as a stimulant is specially evident on the mucous membrane of the rectum, and so is good for constipation, also on the urinary organs.

Broccoli.Broccoli Sprout
Broccoli is a hardy vegetable of the cabbage family that is high in vitamins A and D. Broccoli has long been recognized as one of the most beneficial vegetables, providing the body with needed vitamins, as well as calcium and fiber. Broccoli is known as a cancer fighter and diabetes preventer.

Buckwheat,Polygonum fagopyrum.
Buckwheat, common name for certain members of the Polygonaceae, a family of herbs and shrubs found chiefly in north temperate areas and having a characteristic pungent juice containing oxalic acid.

Bulbus Lilii Brownii.Lily Bulb.
This herb is thepulpy bulb of Lilium brownii F.E.Brown vat.viridulum Baker orLilium pumilum D.C.(family Liliaceae).It is washed clean after being dug out in autumn, slightly sca-lded in boiling water, dried in the sun, and used unprepared or stir- baked with honey.

Radix Bupleuri.Bupleurum
The Chinese name for Bupleurum, chai hu, means "kindling of the barbarians". First mentioned in text from the 1st century BC, bupleurum is one of China's "harmony" herbs, balancing different organs and energies within the body.

Basil,Ocimum basilicum.
The name basil is derived from Greek basileus "king", because of the royal fragrance of this herb. The Greek word basileus "king" means essentially "people's leader": bainein "go" and laos "people". Raihan is derived from Arabic rih or riha"odour, fragrance" and originally did not mean basil but another aromatic Mediterranean plant, myrtle.

Butcher's Broom,Ruscus aculeatus (Linn.)
Butcher's Broom is also known by the names Box Holly, Kneeholm, Kneeholy, Sweet Broom, Pettigree, and Jews Myrtle. Butcher's Broom is so named because the mature branches were bundled and used as brooms by butchers to clean their cutting blocks. The young shoots were sometimes eaten as food. Ancient physicians used the roots as a diuretic in the treatment of urinary problems.

Capsicum.Cayenne Pepper,La Jiao
Capsicum (red pepper) is the most pronounced, natural and ideal stimulant known in the entire materia medica. It cannot be equaled by any known agent when a powerful and prolonged stimulant is needed, as in congestive chills, heart failure, and other conditions calling for quick action

Capejasmine Fruit,Fructus Gardeniae
This herb is the ripe fruit of Gardeniajasminoides Ellis (family Rubiaceae), produced mainly in the provinces of Jiangxi, Zhejiang and Hunan. It is dried in sunlight after harvesting, and used unprepared or stir-baked to brown or to charcoal.

Carrot.Philtron,Daucus carota
Carrot is used as both a food and a medicine. Old writers tell us that a poultice made of Carrot roots had been found to mitigate the pain of cancerous ulcers, and that the leaves, when applied with honey, helped cleanse running sores & ulcers.

Carya Alba.Walnut meat
Walnut kernel is used to strengthen the Kidney functions, and therefore it is used to strengthen the lumbar region of the back, the legs and the sexual organs. It is commonly combined with other Kidney tonics to enhance this action.

Cassia Nomame.Dimer Flavonoids,lipase inhibitor.
This plant extract is a lipase inhibitor. A lipase inhibitor impairs the enzyme responsible for the breakdown of fat, thereby blocking its function.Unlike pharmaceutical lipase inhibitors, Cassia nomame does little to interfere with the absorption of fat soluble vitamins.

Cassia Twig.Ramulus Cinnamomi Cassiae
Cassia was the first cinnamon species that has made its way to Europe, at least since Alexander the Great. Before this time, cassia was transported as far as to Egypt, where it was part of mummification mixtures for the pharaohs, and to Israel, since cassia is mentioned several times in the Bible.

Celery Seed.Apium Graveolens,Smallage
Celery Seed is the dried fruit of Apium graviolens, a biennial in the parsley family. This is the same genus and species used for growing table celery, although there are particular varieties that are used for the vegetable.

Chestnut.Castanea mollissima
A chestnut (Castanea mollissima) native to China and Korea, resistant to chestnut blight and cultivated as an ornamental and for its edible nuts.The burrs (seed cases) are rich in tannin and are astringent and stomachic.

Chrysanthemum Flower.Flos Chrysanthemi
Decoct the ingredients for drinking. Yellow chrysanthemum (Hangzhou chrysanthemum) is mostly used to dispel pathogenic wind-heat, while white chrysanthemum (Chuxian chrysanthemum) is largely used to calm the liver and improve eyesight.

Cicada Slough.Periostracum Cicadae
Cicada refers to any medium to large (2 to 5 cm) insects of the order Homoptera, with two pairs of membranous wings, prominent compound eyes, and three simple eyes (ocelli). Most of the species belong to the family Cicadidae.

Cnidium fruit.Fructus Cnidii,Osthole
Cnidium seed has been very commonly used in formulations designed to warm the Kidneys and strengthen Yang energy. It is primarily used for the purpose of overcoming sexual malaise and strengthening sexual potency.

Cladonia stellaris.Cladonia alpestris.
Cladonia stellaris taste pungent and light poisonous, easy to combine with OH of tissues and inhibit activity of proteins,so can be used to inhibit multiplication of Leukemia, so can treat Leukemia at certain levels.

Coleus Forskohlii.Makandi Root,Forskolin.
Coleus Forskohlii is a member of the mint family and is recognized in the world of herbal medicine as the only plant source of the diterpene compound known as forskolin. What makes forskolin so important is its ability to stimulate the synthesis of cyclic AMP, which among other outcomes, triggers the release of fat from fat cells and speeds up metabolism by increasing thermogenesis.

Comfrey Leaf,Symphytum officinale.
As a cell proliferant, Comfrey is used externally as a poultice, fomentation or liniment to speed the healing of wounded tissue, broken bones, and sprains. It is traditionally used internally as an anti-inflammatory and to soothe and heal GI tract tissue.

Corn Silk.Stigmata maydis
Corn silk is a soothing, relaxing diuretic and a wonderful remedy for acute inflammation and irritation of the genito-urinary system, such as cystitis, urethritis and prostatitis.Corn silk is particularly useful for calming bladder irritation and infection in children.

Cortex Phellodendri.Amur Cork-tree Bark.
Corktree prefers a rich, moist, well drained soil. Tolerates a wide range of soil pH. Full sun. May require pruning to train up to a desirable form. The tree can be used on alkaline soils and is resistant to insects and diseases.

Cucumber,Burpless cucumber.
The cucumber is the edible fruit of the cucumber plant Cucumis sativus, which belongs to the gourd family Cucurbitaceae, as do melons and squash. The plant has been cultivated for 3000 years and is widely cultivated today.

Curcuma Root.Turmeric Rhizome
Turmeric Root is also known by the name Curcuma. The plant is native to Southern Asia. The genus name Curcuma is from an Arabic word "kurkum", meaning "saffron", in reference to the color of Turmeric. The actual word "Turmeric" is from the Medieval Latin "terra merita", meaning "deserving earth".

Cyperus scariosus.Cyperus rotundus
Cyperus scarious is a delicate, slender small herb with deep brown aromatic tubers. The tubers are credited with astringent, diaphoretic, diuretic, desiccant, cordial and stomachic properties. A decoction of the tuber is used for washing hair, treating gonorrhea and syphilis.

Curculigo orchioides Gaertn.
Rhizoma Curculiginis(Xiam Mao) registered in Lei Gong Pao Zhi Lun earliest. another ancient classics named Nan Hai Ben Cao noted that Rhizoma Curculiginis(Xiam Mao)" grow and out put from Xi Yu,...state of Shu found a lot,degree of finish muscle like,or diameter as a brush pen,....color yellow and rich in saliva."

Citrus aurantium,Bitter Orange.
Bitter orange is used similarly in a wide variety of traditions. In Mexico and South America the leaf is used as a tonic, as a laxative, as a sedative for insomnia, and to calm frazzled nerves. The peel of the fruit is used for stomach aches and high blood pressure. The Basque people in Europe use the leaves for stomach aches, insomnia, and palpitations and the bitter orange peel as an anti-spasmodic.

Coenzyme Q10.
Coenzyme Q10 is a fat-soluble nutrient also known as CoQ10, vitamin Q10, ubidecarenone, or ubiquinone. It is a natural product of the human body that is primarily found in the mitochondria, which are the cellular organelles that produce energy. It occurs in most tissues of the human body; however, the highest concentrations are found in the heart, liver, kidneys, and pancreas.

Corcyceps Mycelia Extract.Cordyceps Sinensis (CS-4).
Cordyceps is a blend of cordyceps sinensis and Hepialus armoricanus from the high elevation regions of China. This "Chinese Caterpillar" herb belongs to the fungus category and has been used as an adaptogen (for ch'i) in traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years. Its use in this country has been primarily confined to energy production dynamics with applications in athletic enhancement.

Cyanotis arachnoides Extract.Beta-Ecdysterone.
Ecdysterone - Human and animal studies on ecdysterone have revealed its incomparable potentiating activity in enhancing protein biosynthesis at the ribosomal level of the cell, maximizing muscle mass by up to 7% and stimulating fat-burning capabilities by as much as 16%!* In addition, ecdysterone has shown remarkable nitrogen-retention activity and shown to increase strength and endurance by 89%.

Dandelion root.Taraxacum officinale
Dandelion was first mentioned in Chinese herbals as late as the 7th century, and in Europe it first appears in the Ortus Sanitatis of 1485.It was used by the Arabian physicians of the 10th and 11th centuries.It's common name was apparently invented by a 15th century surgeon, who compared the shape of the leaves to a lion's tooth, or dens lionis.

Dendranthema Flower.Chrysanthemum
Chrysanthemums have dark green, deeply lobed and aromatic leaves with soft grey undersides. They come in a wide variety of flower shapes, sizes and colors, from dark burgundy, bronzes and oranges, to lavenders, light pastel pinks, and whites.

Densefruit Pittany Root-bark,Dittany bark
Densefruit Pittany Root-bark is the dried root bark of Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz:Habitat: grow at hill and woods, main output from hebei,shandong,shanxi,neimeng,and some other provinces.

Diosgenin.Dioscorea Villosa
Diosgenin is the primary furostanol saponin found in several plants including Dioscorea species (yams), fenugreek and Costus speciosus.Diosgenin is the starting material for the synthesis of a number of hormonal products such as DHEA.

Divaricata Saposhnikovia Root
Long conical or long cylindrical, gradually tapering towards the lower part, some slightly tortuous, 15~30cm long, 0.5~2cm in diameter. Externally grayish-brown, rugged, with longitudinal wrinkles, numerous transverse-elongated lenticels and dotted raised rootlet scars.

Dodder Seed,Cuscuta chinensis
Active constituents of Dodder Seed:the active constituents in Dodder seed are thought to be a group of flavonoids. The seed is rich in quercetin and also contains cuscutin, astragalin, vitamin A, hyperosides and sterols.

Dogwood Fruit.Fructus Corni
Dogwoods got their name from the Middle Ages when the wood was used as skewers or "dogs." Use Recommendations of Dogwood Fruit:Impotence, seminal emission, incontinence of urination, spontaneous sweating, menorrhagia, uterine bleeding, and aching back and knees.

Dragon's Blood,Daemonorops draco
Dragon's Blood, as known in commerce, has several origins,Probably the best known is that from Sumatra. The resin of Dragon's Blood is used externally as a wash to promote healing and stop bleeding. Internally it is used for chest pains, post-partum bleeding, internal traumas, and menstrual irregularities.

Dwarf Lilyturf Tuber.Radix Ophiopogonis
Mondo grass is an excellent ground cover for shady areas, and the dense mat of roots holds the ground well where runoff is a problem. It is widely used as a border around beds, and is good for edging walkways and defining beds.

Dioscorea gracillima miq extract.Protodioscin.
Protodioscin which classified as a furostanol saponin, is the active ingredient of the plant extract of Dioscorea gracillima miq. Its molecular formula is C51H84O22, and its molecular weight is1049.21 daltons. Extracted from root of Dioscorea gracillima Miq,Rhizome underground column shape,fleshy and plump.

Echinacea Purpurea.Chicoric acid,Polyphenols
Echinacea Purpurea is the most effective blood & lymphatic cleanser in the botanical kingdom; its acts as a natural antibiotic and works like penicillin in the body with no side effects; aids in reducing fever, infections, bad breath & mucous buildup.

Ecliptae Prostratae.Han Lian Cao
The whole plant is used internally in the treatment of dropsy and liver complaints, anaemia, diphtheria etc, tinnitus, tooth loss and premature greying of the hair. Externally, it is used as an oil to treat hair loss and is also applied to athlete's foot, eczema, dermatitis, wounds etc.

Elderberry.Sambucus nigra
The flowers, leaves, berries, bark and roots have all been used in traditional folk medicine for centuries. The fruits have been used to make elderberry wine, and when cooked, can be used in pies and jams.

Elecampane Root.Inula helenium
Elecampane is a robust and stately perennial plant. It was used by the early Romans, Greeks and Celts to counter the ill effects of overeating. The parts of this plant used medicinally include the root and the flower.

Epimedium,Horny Goat Weed.
Horny Goat Weed has been used as an aphrodisiac for hundreds of years, and research has also proven its effects on improving sexual desire and performance. Research has shown that Horny Goat Weed can inhibit an enzyme called acetylcholinesterase (AChE).

Eucommia Bark.Cortex Eucommiae
This herb consistsof the trunk bark of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. (family Eucom-miaceae), which is mainly produced in Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou and Hubei provinces.The emperor Shen Nung described Eucommia as a superior herb that could prolong life in the classic Shen Nung Pen Tsao

Evening Primrose Seed,Oenothera biennis
Evening Primrose with Black Currant Seed Oil provides a concentrated blend of Essential Fatty Acids (particularly Gamma-Linolenic Acid - GLA) from Evening Primrose and Black Currant Seed oils to gently support women through the menstrual cycle.

Eyebright.Euphrasia officinalis
The same Greek word is also given to the linnet, whence another old tradition says that it was the linnet who first made use of the leaf for clearing the sight of its young and who then passed on the knowledge to mankind, who named the plant in its honour.

Fenugreek Seed.
Native to North Africa and countries bordering the eastern Mediterranean,Fenugreek is a unique herb rich in phyto-estrogens. Fenugreek aids in hormonal production, and facilitates the development of the mammary glands which 'feed' on estrogens. Trigonelline.

Fennel Seed.Fructus Foeniculi
Fennel is native to southern Europe and the Mediterranean area. The name comes from the Greek word for "marathon" because the famous battle at Marathon (490 BC) against the Persians was fought on a field of Fennel.

Feverfew.Chrysanthemum Parthenium
The name Feverfew is from the latin word, febrifuga, meaning "to lower fevers". The genus name, Tanacetum, is derived from anthanasis, meaning "immortal", as the flowers are long lasting.

Flatstem Milkvetch Seed,Flatstem Tribulus.
Rich in fatty acid(5%), contain more than 14 kinds of fatty acid,including heptenoic acid,myristic acid,Palmitic acid,oleic acid,stearic acid,linoleic acid,Eicosanoic acid(arachadonic acid),Behenic acid,etc.

Flaxseed P.E.Linum usitatissimum,ALA
Flax is a plant raised for its fiber and seed.With high levels of Omega-3 Fatty Acids, lignans and fiber, Flax provides nutritional benefits that are important to overall health.Oil is nature's most potent source of Omega-3 EFAs .

Fo-Ti,Fleeceflower Root
Fo-Ti is one of the most widely used Chinese tonic herbs. Fo-Ti Root is well recognized as a rejuvenating and longevity tonic in China, where it's consumed routinely by those concerned with youthful strength and vigor.

Fourleef Ladybell.Radix Adenophorae
Herb plant with white milk liquid,stem height 50~100cm.Cross grow leaves and shapes round or long piece,3~9cm length,width 1.5~4cm,irregula sawtooth of leaf edge.general tonic, protect liver,cure cough.

FoxGlove Root.Radix Rehmanniae
Rehmannia Root, also known as Chinese Foxglove, is native to China, where it is know as Sheng Di Huang.It is believed that the presence of iridoid glycosides in Rehmannia Root, which stimulate the adrenal glands to produce anti-inflammatories, are responsible for its ability to ease arthritis pain.

Frankincense Olibanum
The word Olibanum comes from the Arabic al-luban and means the milk - the true incense. The word Frankincense comes from the old French word fraunk-encens and means the true or real incense.

Fructus Forsythiae.Forsythia fruit.
The green fruit gathered in the period of White Dew (fifteenth solar term) is better than the yellow fruit picked in the period of Cold Dew (seventeenth solar term). The fruit is steamed, dried in the sun, and its seeds separated from the flesh.

Fructus Jujubae.Jujube Fruit
The jujube (pronounced juh-ju-bee or juh-juh-bee) is a member of the buckthorn family, or Rhamnaceae. Its botanical name is Ziziphus zizyphus (formerly Zizyphus jujuba ), and its common names are common jujube, Chinese date, and Chinese jujube.

Garcinia Cambogia.HCA.
Studies indicate that HCA helps people, including problematic "plateau" dieters, lose weight. Plateau dieters find weight loss especially frustrating because they do lose some weight, but reach a point at which they cannot lose more weight.

Garlic,Allium sativum L.
Garlic is native to the plains of western Asia. Its use in cooking is as old as humanity.It is used as a carminative, aphrodisiac, expectorant and stimulant. The extract of garlic was found to have a significant protective action against a fat induced increase in serum cholesterol and plasma fibrinogen and in fibrinolytic activity.

Gentiana Lutea.Gentian root
Gentiana is a perennial herb indigenous to the alpine and sub-alpine pastures of central and southern Europe. Ringed and forked, the thick wrinkled root is brown on the outside and yellow on the inside. Gentian contains bitter substances such as the glycosides gentiopicrin and amarogentin.

Genistein.Origin:Soy-Isoflavones
Genistein precursors such as Genistin and Biochainin A are converted by the intestinal microflora to Genistein into gut. Genistein is one of the most potent phytoestrogens. It mimics human estrogens by binding to both ER-Alfa and ER-Beta and has promising anti-breast cancer activity.

Germinated Barley.Fructus Hordei Germinatus
Based on the principles of traditional Chinese medicine, germinated barley has been ascribed sweet and neutral properties, and is associated with the Spleen, Stomach and Liver meridians.

Ginger.Rhizoma Zingiberis,Gingerols.
The word ginger comes from the ancient Sanskrit singabera, meaning 'shaped like a horn'.It first appeared in the writings of Confucius in the 5th century BC. and it has been used medicinally in the West for at least 2000 years.

Ginkgo Biloba.Ginkgo Biloba Leaf.
Ginkgo Biloba works by increasing blood flow to the brain, and through the entire body's network of blood vessels,which supplies oxygen and nutrients. Good blood circulation is essential for good health - better blood circulation promotes general longevity, and helps to keep you healthy.

Golden Seal Root.Hydrastis canadensis.
Goldenseal is the root of Hydrastis Canadensis. Goldenseal root is famous for use against sore throat and strep throat, effective against bladder infections. It is the alkaloid berberine which makes goldenseal root an effective remedy against protozoa, bacteria and fungi.

Gotu Kola.Madecassic acid,Asiaticoside.
There are three main chemical constituents in Gotu kola. The first is asiaticoside, which is a triterpene glycoside and classified as an antibiotic. It aids in wound healing and has been used in the treatment of leprosy and tuberculosis in the Far East.

Goldenrod Herb.Herba Solidaginis
The goldenrod seems to give expression to its medicinal powers not only in its beautiful name but also in its handsome form. The name Solidago (Latin solido = to make whole) indicates its use as a wound-healing herb. Virga aurea is the Latin for goldenrod, named for the stem with its golden-yellow flowers.

Glossy Privet Fruit.Ligustrum lucidum Ait.
Ligustrum lucidum is a Chinese medicinal plant that is often used in combination with other herbs in botanical formulas. There are several species of Ligustrum that are thought to have different medicinal properties.Traditionally, Ligustrum lucidum is used to treat diminished eye sight, dizziness, fever, insomnia, and lower back pain.

Grapefruit Seed,GSE.
GSE,which is extracted from grapefruit removes germs which are parasitic on sponge And dish cloth. It has excellent washing power and rich foam which lasts long enables You to wash much tableware. It is mild and safe to the skin containing natural Vegetable ingredients.

Grape Seed.Proanthocyanidins,OPCs.
Grape seed extract Proanthocyanidins refer to procyanidin mixtures extracted from grape (Vitis vinifera) seeds. Procyanidins are derivatives of the flavan-3-o1 class of flavonoids. This class includes (+)-catechin, commonly referred to as catechin, and (-)-epicatechin, commonly referred to as epicatechin.

Great Burdock Achene.Burdock Seed
During the Middle Ages, burdock was valued for treating a host of ailments. English herbalists used burdock root for boils, scurvy (a disease caused by vitamin C deficiency, leading to bleeding, gum disease, and weakness), diabetes, and rheumatism (disorders characterized by joint discomfort and loss of mobility).

Green Peas,Oriental Green Peas
Pea is a frost-hardy, cool-season vegetable that can be grown throughout most of the United States, wherever a cool season of sufficient duration exists. For gardening purposes, peas may be classified as garden peas (English peas), snap peas and snow peas (sugar peas). Garden pea varieties have smooth or wrinkled seeds.

Green Tea.Tea Polyphenols.EGCG.
Chinese have known about the medicinal benefits of green tea for over 4,000 years.Scientific research in both Asia and the West are providing hard evidence for the health benefits long associated with drinking green tea. Most of the benefits of consuming green tea come from a family of antioxidants called polyphenols.

Griffonia Seed.5-Hydroxytryptophan
Griffonia Seed has been used in the treatment of fibromyalgia, headaches, and stomach problems. More impressively, Griffonia Seed has been shown to raise serotonin levels, leading to relief from depression, insomnia, anxiety, and eating disorders.

Gymnema sylvestre.Gymnemic acid.
Gymnema leaves contain Gymnemic acid as an effective substance. Gymnemic acid has a structure with tri-terpenoid combined with glucuronic acid and several fatty acids. Gymnema leaves raise insulin levels, according to research in healthy volunteers.

Guarana,Brazilian Cocoa.
Guarana is the South American way to promote long-endurance energy. Harvested from the Amazon rain forests, this herb is also used to support mental alertness and fight fatigue. It is widely used in soft drinks throughout Brazil.

Greater Calandine Herb.
The Roman scholar Pliny mentions its healing power, and in the 14th century it was taken in liquid form as a blood tonic and thought to sharpen sight and other senses. It is often an ingredient in various herbal teas, especially bile and liver teas.

Hawthorn Fruit,Hawthorn Leaves
Hawthorn has a mild and long sustaining action, which keeps a facilitating effect on the coronary blood flow without decrease. The most famous legend is when Christ was crucified and was pricked by the thorns of a crown made of Hawthorn, his blood purified the plant. Because of this, it was used as a talisman in the ancient days.

Hazelnut,Corylus avellana L.
During the 20th century, efforts were made to breed hazelnuts suited to eastern North American conditions. Breeding projects were aimed at producing northern hardy trees, large nuts, bud mite and eastern filbert blight resistance.

Herba Cistanchis.Rou Cong Rong
Cistanche is used to replenish blood and Kidney-Jin in Chinese Medicine. It is to use for impotence and disturbance of menstruation. Since the characteristic of this herb is warm (not hot), blend and sweet, thus it does not give a strong action. That why it has a Chinese name "Cong Rong" means "easy to follow".

Herba Cynomorii.Cynomorium songaricum Rupr
Cynomorium is considered to be a superb tonic to the primal yang essence and is thus used in many tonics for both men and women. It is widely believed in the Orient to be a superb longevity herb and an excellent sexual tonic and stimulant. It is said to strengthen the bones.

Hibiscus syriacus.MuJin
The leaves are diuretic, expectorant and stomachic. A decoction of the flowers is diuretic, ophthalmic and stomachic. It is also used in the treatment of itch and other skin diseases, dizziness and bloody stools accompanied by much gas. The bark contains several medically active constituents, including mucilage, carotenoids, sesquiterpenes and anthocyanidins.

Honeysuckle Flower.Fols Lonicerae
Honeysuckle is a large genus, Lonicera, of more than 150 species of evergreen or deciduous shrubs or vines in the honeysuckle family, Caprifoliaceae, that are widespread in the Northern Hemisphere. Species of honeysuckle are valued for their tubular and often fragrant flowers.

Hoodia Gordonii.
hoodia extracts kills the appetite and attacks obesity, is organic with no synthetic or artificial appetite control agents, has no known side effects, contains a miracle molecule (up to 100000 times more powerful than glucose) that fools the brain into believing you are full, and even stops you from thinking about food.

Hops.Humulus lupulus L.
Hops (Humulus lupulus L.) are commercially important as an essential flavoring in beer. Glands on the hop cone contain many unique compounds, making the chemistry of the hop plant extremely complex. The compounds most important to the brewing industry are the bitter acids, which give beer its characteristically bitter flavor, and the essential oils, which give beer its "hoppy" aroma.

Horse Chestnut,Aescin.
Active constituents and mechanism of Aescin:As a Saponin,Aescin has been shown to promote circulation through the veins.Aescin fosters normal tone in the walls of the veins,thereby promoting return of blood to the heart.

Horsetail.Equisetum arvense L.
The Ancient Greeks used horsetail in the treatment of wounds and the Romans used it as a vegetable, an animal feed and a medicine. Culpeper said it was 'very powerful to stop bleeding, either inward or outward, and eases the swelling, heat, and inflammation of the fundamental, or privy parts, in men and women.'

Hoary willowherb;Epilobium parviflorum
Epilobium has never attained a place in the front rank as a medicine. That it has not attained prominence as a remedy is not the fault of the plant. In certain cases of 'summer bowel complaints' it is without equal. It has a deserved reputation in chronic diarrhea. It is also known as a medicinal herb for disorders of the prostate gland.

Hydrangea arborescens,Antifebrile Dichroa Root.
Hydrangea's greatest use is in the treatment of inflamed or enlarged prostate glands. This herb may also be used for urinary stones or gravel associated with infections such as cystitis. It soothes irritated mucus membranes, and will relieve backache caused by kidney trouble.

Hedera Helix,English ivy
The Greek priests presented a wreath of Ivy to newly-married persons, and the Ivy has throughout the ages been regarded as the emblem of fidelity. The custom of decorating houses and churches with Ivy at Christmas was forbidden by one of the early Councils of the Church, on account of its pagan associations, but the custom still remains.

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Indigowoad Leaf.Isatis Leaf
Epidemic febrile diseases with the invasion of the blood by heat, mani- fested as high fever, restlessness, maculas and eruptions, un- consciousness, de- lirium and so on. It is often used with rhinoceros horn and capejasminne fruit, as in Decoction of Rhinoceros Horn and isatis leaf (Xijiao Daqing Tang).

Jew's Ear Fungus.Pepeao
And why is it known as Jew's Ears Fungus? Myth and legend link this fungus with Judas, who supposedly hanged himself to death, from an elder tree, after betraying Jesus Christ. As a result, the tree became known as the Judas tree.

Juniper Berry,Juniperus communis.
Herbal uses of Juniper Berry dates back to early Greek and Arabian physicians.Historically, many conditions have been treated with Juniper Berries by several cultures, including gout, warts and skin growths, and various urinary tract and kidney diseases.

Leek Extracts,Green Onions
Ampeloprasum var. porrum (L.) J. Gay) is a vegetable belonging, with onion and garlic, to the Alliaceae, the onion family. Also in this species are two very different vegetables: The elephant garlic (Allium ampeloprasum var. ampeloprasum) grown for its bulbs, and kurrat which is grown for its leaves in Egypt and elsewhere in the Middle East. The leek is also sometimes classified as Allium porrum (L.)

Lentil seeds.Lens culinaris Medik.
The lentil plant (Lens Culinaris) belongs to the family Leguminosae (legume) and is a cousin to peas. lentil, leguminous Old World annual plant (Lens culinaris) with whitish or pale blue flowers. Its pods contain two greenish-brown or dark-colored seeds, also called lentils, which when fully ripe are ground into meal or used in soups and stews.

Leptadenia reticulata.Jeevanti
The alcoholic leaf extract, resinous and crystalline fi-acons caused contraction of dog tracheal chain while the glucoalkaloid and alcoholic stem extract after initial potentiation caused refractoriness to the constrictor responses of acetylcholine and histamine. Histamine releasing effects have been shown.

Lesser Galangal Rhizoma,Alpiniae Officinarum
The genus Alpinia was named by Plumier after Prospero Alpino,a famous Italian botanist of the early seventeenth century.The name Galangal is derived from theArabic Khalanjan, perhaps a perversion of a Chinese word meaning 'mild ginger.' It is much like ginger, its use into curry's, stew and every dish where ginger is used.

Lettuce.Lactuca sativa
Wild Lettuce, also known as Lactucarium, Green Endive, and Lettuce Opium, is the precursor to the common forms of cultivated lettuce. Wild Lettuce probably originated in Central Asia, but it is now grown throughout the world. Lettuce was cultivated as a food crop by the Ancient Greeks, Romans, and Chinese.

Licorice Root.Glycyrrhiza Glabra
The taste of licorice is similar to that of aniseed and fennel, and thus licorice can be considered to be a spice. However, it has a long history as being of value as an herbal remedy, and it is therefore often considered to be an herb rather than a spice.

Lighiyellow Sophora Root
Sophora japonica (kushen) grow widely on grass land,sand soil,road side,and red soil sunny side. nearly 12 species from inland China, disperse in north west china,especially aggregate in NingXia Province,GanSu Province,QingHai Province,XinJiang Province

Linseed.Oil Flaxseed
Oil flaxseed as a agro plant in china normally divided into 3 types, one is mainly for fibre use, could be named as Fibrous Oil flaxseed (or fibre flaxseed ); one is mainly for oil processing use, could be named as Oil only flaxseed(or oil flaxseed); and the third one is for both fibre purpose and oil purpose.

Lotus Seed,Semen Nelumbus
Lotus seed is used primarily as an astringent in Kidney and Spleen tonic formulations. It is in own right a good mild tonic. It is useful for preventing the leakage of essence, and thus is commonly used to prevent or treat premature ejaculation, spermatorrhea, and is also used in women's formulas to treat leucorrhagia.

Lotus root,Lotus leaf
Essentially all parts of the water lily plant are edible--roots, stems, leaves, and seeds. There are about 1475 calories in one pound of lotus flour. The composition of lotus flour is approximately: 72% carbohydrate, 7.8% protein, 0.7% fat, 12.2% fiber, 4.0% water, and 3.3% minerals.

Lemongrass,Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf.
Lemongrass is used to relieve skin problems, sore throats and respiratory problems. In traditional medicine, Lemongrass is used to combat anxiety, insomnia, stomach problems, hypertension, and fever,Lemongrass is believed to have antimicrobial and antifungal properties and it acts as a central nervous system depressant.

Lalang Grass Rhizome.Cogongrass Root
Many reports revealed that cogongrass root is a rather effective remedy for acute nephritis (acute or chronic inflammation of the kidney caused by infection). It was reported that a group of 70 cases of acute nephritis had total daily urine volume of 1,500-3,000 ml 1-5 days after cogongrass administration.

Marshmallow Root.Althaea officinalis L
Marshmallow (Althea officinalis) the herb, not the white puffy confection roasted over a campfire has been used for centuries as both a food and a medicine. The Romans, Chinese, Egyptians, and Syrians used marshmallow as a source of food, while the Arabs made poultices from its leaves and applied this to the skin to reduce inflammation. The mucilage, or gummy secretion, in the leaves and particularly the root is helpful for soothing sore throats, chapped skin, and minor wounds.

Mantis Egg-Case
Mantis refers to any of various predatory long-bodied large-eyed insects of the family Mantidae, primarily tropical but including a few temperate zone species, usually pale green and having two pairs of walking legs and powerful grasping forelimbs. The mantis feeds on live insects, including others of its own kind.

Mentha averensis,Mentha haplocalyx
Traditional uses in Chinese medicine Mints, whether in herbal formulas, drinks, soups, or other food items, functions to release to the exterior, that is, to direct the body energy upward and outward. Bo he is used to dispel wind-heat, clear the head and eyesight, treat headaches, pharyngolaryngitis, and measles.

Milk Thistle,Silybum marianum
Milk thistle fruit consists of ripe seed of S. marianum (L.) Gaertner [Fam. Asteraceae], freed from the pappus, and its preparations in effective dosage. The preparation contains silibinin, silydianin, and silychristin.

Motherwort.Herba Leonuri
Motherwort came from central Eurasia originally, but has spread to all temperate areas of the world, primarily as a garden plant but also as an escaped weed. A similar plant, Leonurus heterophyllus, is used in China. The Chinese name for motherwort is yi mu cao, meaning benefit mother herb.

MCP,Modified Citrus Pectin
Modified citrus pectin (MCP), also known as fractionated pectin, is a complex polysaccharide obtained from the peel and pulp of citrus fruits. Modified citrus pectin is rich in galactoside residues, giving it an affinity for certain types of cancer cells.

Myrrh.Commiphora molmol
Myrrh Gum is also known by the names Mu Yao, Bola, Myrrh Tree, and Balasmodendron Myrrha. Myrrh is a large shrub (or small tree) indigenous to Northeast Africa, and collected in Southern Arabia and Iran. The part of this plant used medicinally is the resin. Myrrh is referred to in the Bible. Myrrh was used as a wine preservative in the ancient world.

Mucuna pruriens.L-DOPA.
Mucuna pruriens, also known as Velvet Bean, contains the very powerful neurotransmitter precursor L-Dopa. L-Dopa is precursor of the neurotransmitter Dopamine, an important brain chemical involved in mood, sexuality, and movement.

Mulberry Leaf.Morus alba L
Traditionally mulberry leaf is used for treating the lungs, liver function and eyesight. Mulberry leaf is rich in amino acids, vitamin C and antioxidants. The latest Chinese research has shown mulberry leaf is effective in regulating blood fat, balancing blood pressure, reducing blood glucose, and boosting metabolism.

Myristica fragrans Houtt.Nutmeg.
Nutmeg is known by many names, such Myristica fragrans, mace, magic, muscdier, muskatbaum, myristica, noz moscada, nuez moscada, and nux moschata. Nutmeg is not a nut, but the kernel of an apricot-like fruit. Mace is bright red to purple when harvested, but after drying changes to amber.

Magnolia Cortex Extract,Honokiol and Magnolol.
Magnolia bark (Magnolia officinalis) is a traditional Chinese medicine used since 100 A.D. to support the body and nurture wellbeing and to treat a plethora of ailments. Magnolol and honokiol are the bioactive constituents of the bark of Magnolia officinalis. Both are phenolic compounds in which honokiol is an isomer of magnolol.

Mango Leaves Extract.Mangifera indica L.,Mangiferin.
The mango originated in Southeast Asia where it has been grown for over 4,000 years. Over the years mango groves have spread to many parts of the tropical and sub-tropical world, where the climate allows the mango to grow best. Mango trees are evergreens that will grow to 60 feet tall. The mango tree will fruit 4 to 6 years after planting.

Momordica Grosvenori Extract.Mogrosides.Mogroside V.
Cross section of Luo Han fruit showing the white flesh and large seeds which is a feature of this plant. Mogroside is found in the skin and flesh of the fruit,it is a naturally occurring sweetener, which is 300 times sweeter than cane sugar and is extremely low in calories. Mogroside, also commonly known as Lo Han Kuo Extract, has been used around the world for many years as a natural sweetener, because of its low caloric attributes

Nardostachys Jatamansi.Muskroot
The famous aromatic root, nard, was known in ancient times as an ingredient in ointments, and is believed to be the same as the Indian nardostachys, N. jatamansi which has been renamed Nardostachys grandiflora. There is also a Valeriana jatamansi that is similar to nardostachys and used as a substitute.

Nettle.Urticae radix
Nettles are rich in vitamins and minerals. They should be collected just before they flower and dried. The leaves are used mainly for their diuretic properties and an infusion relieves high blood pressure and cystitis. The mineral-rich leaves are used in the treatment of anaemia and as a blood tonic and purifier.

Notoginseng.Sanchi
Traditional Chinese medicine practitioners have called notoginseng "the miracle root for the preservation of life."Research is showing that Notoginseng exerts a number of beneficial effects on several physiological functions, including the nervous, immune, and cardiovascular systems.

Notopterygium incisum
Notopterygium is a type of plant native to east Asia, a relative of the angelica species. The name qiang huo refers to Qiang Zhong, an area in China where the plant grows naturally.In traditional Chinese medicine, notopterygium root is associated with the Urinary Bladder and Kidney meridians.

Oat Straw Flower Tops,Avena Sativa
The herb known as oat straw refers to the whole plant, including the leaves and stems. These parts of the plant are dried and chopped, and used in both internal and external forms by traditional herbalists. The grain itself is harvested in late summer, and milled to produce oatmeal and oatbran.

Onion,Allium cepa.
Onions were highly regarded by the Egyptians. Not only did they use them as currency to pay the workers who built the pyramids, but they placed them in the tombs of kings, such as Tutankhamen, so that they could carry these gifts bestowed with spiritual significance with them to the afterlife.

Olive Leaf.Tree of Life
Olive leaf was first used medicinally in Ancient Egypt. It is gaining recognition as a powerful defender against sickness and numerous scientific studies have been conducted to investigate the extract's beneficial properties. The reported benefits of olive leaf extract's range from promoting increased energy and healthy blood pressure, to supporting the cardiovascular system, and the immune system.

Orchis mascula.Salabmisri
A genus of terrestrial orchids which yield the Salep of commerce.The tubers contain a bitter principle and a volatile oil. They are used as a farinaceous food, nervine tonic and aphrodisiac. They yield a lot of mucilage with water and form a jelly that is supposed to be nutritious and useful in diarrhea, dysentery and chronic fevers.

Oriental garlic chives,Allium tuberosum
The Chinese Leek, also known as Chinese Chive, has a long history in Chinese kitchens as well as the medicine cabinet. Both of the varieties described below have a delicate garlic-chive flavor. The leaves can be prepared in stir-fries, egg dishes, meat or fish dishes, or even by themselves.

Oriental Water plantain.Rhizoma Alismatis
Alisma, the Latin name for water plantain and ancient Greek name, adopted by Linnaeus from Dioscorides. Perhaps itself derived from the Celtic, alias, "water" plantago-aquatica, from the Latin, plantago, "plantain", and aquatica, "in water"; hence, "water plantain".

Ostrea gigas.Oyster Shell
Oyster shell has the effcts of suppressing the yang and tranquilizing,similar to dragon's bone. With the effects of benefiting yin and clearing away, its effect of suppressing yang is strengthed.Oyster shell has the action of softening and dissolving hard masses. This drug is often used in symptoms of dizziness and insomnia due to excess of yang and deficiency of yin.

Octacosanol,Policosanol
Octacosanol is a 28 carbon long-chain saturated primary alcohol. It is a constituent of vegetable waxes. Octacosanol is isolated from the wax found on green blades of wheat. It is the major long-chain alcohol isolated from the waxes of sugar cane and yams. It is also found in wheat germ oil.

Ox-Knee Root.Cyathula Root
The root of Achyranthes bidentata Blume., a perennial plant, of the family Amaranthaceae. Native to east Asia, the plant is grown in forest edges, the sides of streams and shrubberies in China and Java.

Oriental Arborvitae Leafytwigs
Thuja orientalis, or Oriental arborvitae (photo), is native to China.The botany heiarchy of the oriental arborvitae is classified within group Gymnosperm of the Cupressaceae family. Majorly used to treat emptysis,blood stool, hair loss,etc.

Panax ginseng,Radix Ginseng
Ginseng's genus name Panax is derived from the Greek pan (all) akos (cure), meaning cure-all. The transliteration of the word gin (man) seng (essence) is derived from the Chinese ideogram for "crystallization of the essence of the earth in the form of a man". Ginseng's therapeutic uses were recorded in the oldest comprehensive materia medica, Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing, written around two thousand years ago.

Parmelia perlata.Shaileyam
Species of Parmotrema are collected in large quantities as a food supplement in India (Brodo et al. 2001). Parmotrema spp. are also mentioned in Indian Materia Medica (K. M. Nadkarni, ed., 1976) as useful in treating a number of ailments. Parmotrema chinense in particular, along with Parmotrema perforatum, is used medicinally in India as a diuretic, headache remedy, sedative, and antibiotic for wounds

Passion Flower,Flavonoids
Passion flowers (Passiflora spp.) are perennial woody vines, mostly from tropical America but with a few species originating in Asia, Australasia and the Polynesian Islands. They climb through the supporting vegetation by means of coiled tendrils. Many of them have showy fragrant flowers and several produce edible fruits.

Peach Kernel.Semen Persicae
The ripe seed of the fruit tree Prunus persica (L.) Batsch, of the Rose family (Rosaceae.), grown throughout the warmer temperate regions of both the Northern and Southern hemispheres. The peach probably originated in China, then spread westward through Asia to the Mediterranean countries and later to other parts of Europe.

Peach Leaves
The leaves, bark, flowers and kernels have medicinal virtue. Both the leaves and bark are still employed for their curative powers. They have demulcent, sedative, diuretic and expectorant action.

Peanut.Arachis hypogaea L.
Peanuts were first grown by the Inca of ancient Peru.originated in South America (Bolivia and adjoining countries); The thin, tan, netted pods usually contains two seeds. However, depending on the variety, the number of kernels can vary from one or two to five and seven.

Petasites hybridus,Butterbur root
Petasites hybridus is one from ours early blooming flowers. The fleshy flower-bear decorated by thick bunchs appears in April to May still up to growing of leaves. The bunch consists of dense calathides, in which small-sized tubular reddish flowers are assembled.

Picrorrhiza Root.Picrorrhiza kurroa
A small herb which grows in the Himalayas at 3000-5000m,Notes Used for insufficient stomach acid secretion,In sensitive individuals high doses may cause diarrhea,flatulence and griping (due to cucurbitacins),skin rash,Some people find the bitterness intolerable.

Pilose Asiabell Root,Dang Shen
Properties:Sweet in flavour,Sweet and neutral, neutral in property;acting on the spleenand lung channels.Invigorates the spleen.Replenishes the middle-jiao energy.Promotes the production of normal body fluids. Nourishes the blood.Promotes production of body fluid and blood circulation.

Pine Bark.Proanthocyanidins
Pine Bark is a circulatory stimulant and mainly used as an herbal treatment to overcome or prevent the onset of colds and flu by increasing circulation. White Pine Bark is used as an expectorant and is also used as a tea for bronchitis, colds, coughs, and influenza. It is also a diuretic and is said to have a beneficial effect on the urinary tract.

Pine Nut Kernel,Pinus strobus
Once appreciated by the Greeks and Romans, the pine kernel, or pine nut, is an edible nut with an exquisite flavor and high protein content. The Roman Legions carried pine kernels as provisions.Toasted, they are a wonderful salad topping. The ancient Greeks and well as many Middle Eastern cultures used pine nuts as aphrodisiacs.

Plantain Seed,Semen Plantaginis
Plantain Seed is the dried ripe seed of Plantago asiatica L. or Plantago depressa Willd.(Fam. Plantaginaceae).Ellipsoid, irregularly oblong or triangular oblong, slightly flattened, about 2 mm long, 1 mm wide. Externally yellowish-brown to dark brown, with fine wrinkles, and a grayish-white concave pointed hilm on one side. Texture hard. Odour, slight; taste, weak.

Polygala tenuifolia root.PTAE
Polygala tenuifolia (also known as Polygala root) is thought to be a fabulous herb that can encourage the sleep process. Believed to calm the spirit and quiet the heart, Polygala root has a reputation for helping to ease anxious feelings and restlessness.By releasing pent-up feelings and calming the body, sleep may become more satisfying.

Polygonum Cuspidatum.
Polygonum cuspidatum was classified as Reynoutria japonica by Houttuyn in 1777 and as Polygonum cuspidatum by Siebold in 1846. It was not until the early part of the 20th century that these were discovered to be the same plant (Bailey, 1990). The plant is generally referred to as Polygonum cuspidatum by American authors and as Reynoutria japonica in the United Kingdom and Europe.

Pomegranate Seed,Polyphenols
Pomegranate has been used as a food for millennia, but has recently been investigated for its medicinal value as well. It is an effective vermifuge, especially in cases of tapeworm infestation and other parasites present in the intestines. Pomegranate has also been found to contain some antimicrobial compounds. It has also been studied as a potential chemoprotective substance in cases of breast cancer.

Poria cocos.Indian Bread
Poria is very widely used in Chinese herbalism. It is traditionally used as a Qi tonic to benefit the internal organs. It is a solid fungus which grows on the roots of old pine trees. It is mildly diuretic and sedative, and is considered to be highly nourishing. It is a mild Shen tonic. Poria has significant immune enhancing ability, similar to the other mushrooms in the tonic class.

Potato,Solanum tuberosum L.
The potato belongs to the Solanaceae or nightshade family whose other members include tomatoes, eggplants, peppers, and tomatillos. They are the swollen portion of the underground stem which is called a tuber and is designed to provide food for the green leafy portion of the plant. If allowed to flower and fruit, the potato plant will bear an inedible fruit resembling a tomato.

Psoralea fruit.Babchi seeds
Traditional Medicinal Uses: According to TCM and Ayurveda, root is useful in carries of teeth whereas leaves are good for diarrhea. Fruit is diuretic, and causes biliousness. It is useful in treatment of vomiting, piles, bronchitis, inflammation, anaemia etc. It improves hair growth and complexion. It is applied externally in treatment of skin related troubles.

Pueraria root.Kudzu root
Kudzu is a coarse, high-climbing, twining, trailing, perennial vine. The huge root, which can grow to the size of a human body, is the source of medicinal preparations used in traditional Chinese medicine and modern herbal products. Kudzu grows in most shaded areas in mountains, fields, along roadsides, thickets, and thin forests throughout most of China.

Puerarin.Origin:Pueraria Root
Synoms:Puerarin;4H-1-Benzopyran-4-one, 8-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-7-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-;Puerarin;Molecular Formula and Molecular Weight:C21H20O9;416.39 Mechanism of Action Category: Pueraria lobata (Willd. ) Ohwi. CAS: 3681-99-0 Applications: Treats angiocardiopathy. A scavenger of reactive oxygen species and inhibitor of LDL oxidation.

Pulsatilla Root.Pulsatilla chinensis
The root is an effective cure for bacterial and amoebic dysentery. It is also used in the treatment of malaria, nose bleeds and haemorrhoids and is used externally to treat Trichomonas vaginitis. The root is harvested in the autumn or before the plant comes into flower in the spring, it can be dried for later use.

Pumpkin.Cucurbita pepo
Pumpkin is an herbaceous, monoecious, annual vine native to America, now cultivated worldwide in warm and temperate regions. Pumpkin has been cultivated in Mexico and North America since at least 14,000 B.C.E. based on archaeological evidence. Growning fields world wide now.

Pumpkin seed.Semen Cucurbitae
Pumpkin Seeds contain iron, B vitamins, and trace minerals. This plant is used medicinally to help improve bowel function by ridding the intestinal tract of parasites and worms. Pumpkin is also a natural source of magnesium, phosphorus, selenium, zinc, vitamin A, and vitamin C.

Purple Perilla Leaves.Perilla Seed
Rosemarinic Acid is extracted from Labiata kind plant red perilla leaves and could be used as herb medicine with full plant,taste sour,Taste good and good for stomach;has functions of smoothing nerve and calming down;used for curing headache and nerve weakness.

Purslane Herb.Portulaca oleracea
Purslane was one of the most widespread horticultural plants in the Old World since distant times. It was taken to America where it was naturalized, as in Europe, in gardens, among rubble and at waysides. It originates from the region extending from the western Himalayas to southern Russia and Greece.

Red Clover,Trifolium pratense
Habitat of Red clove:Foothills, montane, subalpine. Meadows. Spring.Red Clover is wide-spread, ranging from city lots to farm fields to mountain meadows.the Mediterranean region, Balkans, Asia Minor, Iran, India, Himalayas, Russia from Arctic south to east Siberia, Caucasus, and the Far East.

Red Raspberry.Fructus Rubi
Red Raspberry is also known by the names Bramble, Gauriphal, Reapberry, and Hindberry. Red Raspberry is believed to be native to Europe, but it widely cultivated in North America, Britain, Scandinavia and Scotland. Red Raspberry was used by colonial Americans as an astringent.

Red sage root.Dan Shen
Danshen contains chemicals that may decrease blood clotting, cause blood vessels to relax, increase the force of heartbeats, and slow the heart rate. All these effects may help to treat heart conditions and strokes. In addition, danshen may help to prevent liver damage caused by alcohol, drugs, or diseases.

Reishi Mushroom,Ganoderma lucidum
Reishi Mushroom is also known by the name Lucky Fungus. Reishi Mushrooms grow wild on decaying logs and tree stumps in the coastal provinces of China. The fruiting body of the mushroom is employed medicinally. Reishi the red variety is most commonly used in North America, China, Taiwan, and Korea.

Rhodiola Rosea.Salidroside.Rosavin
Rhodiola rosea is a popular plant in traditional medical systems in Eastern Europe and Asia with a reputation for stimulating the nervous system, decreasing depression, enhancing work performance, eliminating fatigue, and preventing high altitude sickness.

Rhubarb Root. Anthraquinone
Rhubarb Root, cultivated in China and Tibet, has an illustrious history of inclusion in many laxative preparations. It is generally considered a mild laxative that produces a soft stool 6-10 hours after ingestion. Rhubarb is especially well suited for children since it is very mild in action.

Rosemary,Antioxidant
Rosemary is an evergreen shrub indigenous to Southern Europe, particularly on the dry rocky hills of the Mediterranean region. The numerous branches have an ash-coloured scaly bark and bear opposite, narrow, revolute, leathery, thick leaves which are lustrous and dark green above and downy white underneath.

Rhamnus purshiana.
Cascara Sagrada is an herb used for centuries for its natural cleansing properties. It is one of the world's most popular supplements for encouraging healthy elimination safely and naturally.Plus, Cascara Sagrada nourishes the sensitive tissues of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.

Safflower.Carthamus tinctorius L.
Safflower is a commonly-used base oil due to its high protein, mineral and vitamin content.Safflower seeds are also high in monounsaturated fatty acids, and contain moderate levels of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids, helping reduce cholesterol and playing a critical role in prevention of coronary artery disease.

Salicin.Origin:White Willow Bark.
White willow bark contains salicylic acid, a natural painkiller. Used as a decoction or infusion, it will relieve headache, toothache, rheumatic or arthritic pain, period pains and muscular pain. Its anti-inflammatory properties reduce the swelling in wounds, damaged joints and pulled muscles, and it is particularly effective for back pain.

Saw Palmetto,fatty acids.
The herb has proven to work faster than Proscor, a drug prescribed for an enlarged prostate. New theories hold that the herb may inhibit the action of an important hormone-regulating enzyme that converts testosterone into dihydrotestosterone,Preventing this conversion is also the way finasteride works, which is the standard medication. Furthermore, it does not impair sexual function as does finasteride.

Schisandra Fruit,Schisandrins
The major active compounds in schisandra are lignans (schizandrin, deoxyschizandrin, gomisins, and pregomisin) found in the seeds of the fruit.Standardized extracts of schisandra fruits have gained popularity for use in racehorses not running well in relation to elevated liver enzyme levels in their blood; further supporting their beneficial effect on the liver.

Sea-Buckthorn.Hippophae rhamnoides L.
The juice of the berries can be used to make juice but all parts (bark, leaves, fruits, seeds) can be used for the production of pharmaceuticals. Sea buckthorn oil is produced from the fruits and seeds.Most parts of the tree can be used including the bark, leaves, fruits, and seeds.

Seaweed Laver
Surprisingly enough, seaweed is not what most people think it is, or rather what it can be used for. It's not just that "green slimy stuff" floating on the oceans surface. It can and does have many purposes in the world. With the unique variations of seaweeds that can be found in the ocean, the purposes for them can become quite amazing.

Semen Cassiae.Juemingzi
This herb is especially good for conditions of the eyes. it will brighten them and relieve pain, congestion, itchiness, redness, or sensitivity to light when caused by wind-heat conditions. It can also be used when there is headache along with some of the above conditions in cases of liver yang rising.

Senna leaves.Cassia Angustifolia
Senna is the most widely used anthranoid drug today and has been used for centuries in Western and Eastern systems of medicine as a laxative, usually taken as a tea or swallowed in powdered form.Its medical use was first described in the writings of Arabian physicians Serapion and Mesue as early as the 9th century A.D.

Selfheal Fruit-spike
Prunella vulgaris widely used as herb medicine to treat and prevent many disease, also used widely recent years for it's good taste and rich nutrition,scientific data proved that the fresh leaves and stem of Prunella vulgaris rich in protein,plant fat, carbohydrate,Carotene,Vitamine B, and nicotinic acid.

Shiitake Mushroom.Shiitake Mycelia
The Shiitake mushroom (or black Chinese Mushroom) has been hailed for both its culinary and medical benefits in Asia and especially China for hundreds of years, and its popularity worldwide increases every year. Shiitake has a hearty flavor and meaty texture that is wonderful sauted, broiled, baked, grilled, or stir fried.

Siberian Ginseng,Eleutherosides
After nearly a thousand studies, Siberian Ginseng has been shown to increase energy and stamina and to help the body resist viral infections, environmental toxins, radiation, and chemotherapy. In Chinese Medicine, E. senticosus has been used to prevent bronchial and other respiratory infections as well as viral infections.

Sinomenine
Sinomenine is an alkaloid isolated from the Chinese medicinal plant Sinomenium acutum. It has immunomodulating and anti-inflammatory activities. Its anti-arthritic propery is related to the anti-proliferative effects on synovial fibroblasts and lymphocytes.

Slippery Elm Bark.Ulmus fulva
The mucilage was traditionally used internally for soothing sore throats and tonsillitis, coughs, dryness of the lungs and digestive upsets, and externally for healing wounds and other skin inflammations. Slippery elm tree and root bark were also used as folk remedies for treating many serious degenerative diseases.

Smoked Plum.Prunus murne
Astringing the lung to relieve cough, astringing the bowels to stop bowels to stop diarrhea, promoting the production of body fluid to quench thirst, and regulating the stomach to alleviate colic caused by ascariasis.Smoked Plum is the dried almost ripe fruit of Prunus mume (Sieb.) Sieb.et Zucc. (Fam. Rosaceae).

Spinachs.Spinacia oleracea L.
Spinach has been used as a food throughout the world, but it has several medicinal applications as well. In addition to being a great source of vitamins and minerals, Spinach also shows promise as a cancer fighter, a mental stimulant, an anti-oxidant, and an aid against bone loss.

Semen Ziziphi Spinosae.Spine Date Seed
Properties: Sweet and acid in flavour, neutral in nature, it acts on the heart, liver and gallbladder channels. This herb is sweet in flavour and moist in nature. The sweetness and sourness can tonify Yin and nourishing liver and bladder, nourishing the heart and calming the mind.

Sorghum bicolor,Holcus bicolor L.
Sorghum is a secondary noxious weed in Iowa because it can cause problems in corn and soybean fields, but it is also planted as a crop for syrup and grain. Horticultural selections have been made for color and height. Ornamental sorghum is an easily grown annual.

Soybean.Glycine max
Soy cultivation is believed to have begun in China; Domesticated in northeastern China from the wild Glycine soja, the earliest evidence of cultivation dating to 3000 years ago. The emperor Shen-nong, who compiled the Medical Bible of the Yellow Emperor (Huang-di nei jing) sometime between 2967 and 2597 B.C.E., counted soybean among the five sacred crops.

Soy Isoflavones,Genistein
Soy Isoflavones are derived from Soybeans. Isoflavones belong to a class of compounds known as flavonoids. The highest amounts of Isoflavones can be found in soy nuts and tempeh. Isoflavones are fairly stable; they are not destroyed under normal cooking methods. Soy Isoflavones is a promising nutraceutical with potentially significant health benefits.

St. John's Wort Herb
Hypericum has a reputation as an analgesic, and is used either internally or externally to treat neuralgic pain. For children troubled with incontinence of urine at night an infusion or tea given before retiring will be found effectual; it is also useful in pulmonary consumption, bowels or urinary passages. Externally for fomentations to dispel hard tumours, caked breasts, ecchymosis, etc.

Strawberry leaves.Fragariae folium
Infusions of strawberry leaf are used externally as compresses for rashes, and internally for catarrhs of the gastrointestinal tract, diarrhea, intestinal sluggishness,catarrhs of the respiratory tract, gout, arthritis, nervous tension, kidney ailments involving gravel and stones, as a diuretic.

Sunflower seed.Helianthus annuus
Sunflower seeds are graded according to size and separated into groups. The largest size will go into the in-shell market. The medium-sized seeds are usually hulled for the kernel market. The smallest size will go into the bird and pet feeding market.

Sweet corn.Maize
Corn is an icon of American culture. Not only does it represent our native American traditions, serve as a symbol of both summertime BBQ fun and a night out at the movies, but corn, in the form of corn syrup, is also an added ingredient in many other foods that we consume in our daily diets.

Szechwan Lovage Rhizome
In China, chuanxiong is mainly produced by means of artificial cultivation in Sichuan province. Reaped in May, earth and sand are removed from the rhizome before drying the rhizome in the sun and baking it until dry; then fibrous roots are removed and the rhizome is sliced or parched with wine for use.

Sarsaparilla,Smilax officinalis.
Sarsaparilla Root actually promotes energy and endurance. Plus, its unique nutritional content helps keep the urinary tract clean and healthy. This herb is considered an excellent blood purifier. In a soda or as a supplement, Sarsaparilla is a perfect, gentle tonic herb.

Stellaria media (Linn.)Cyr.Chickweed
Chickweed has a history that spans the continents. Native Americans cherished it as a general tonic to help keep them healthy throughout the seasons. European folklore also recognizes the same uses.It contains a wealth of naturally occurring nutrients, and is a valuable herb for both young or old.

Sweet Tea Leaf Extract.Rubusoside.
Rubusoside is commonly known as either Sweet Tea Extract or Chinese Blackberry Extract. Our Rubososide is extracted from the leaves of the Chinese Blackberry Bush (Rubus Suavissimus S. Lee). The Extract is 200~300 times as sweet as cane sugar and contains over 70% Rubusoside.

Tabasheer,Silica (IP)
Tabasheer is used by people in many parts of the world for maintaining healthy bones, hair, skin, teeth and nails. Tabasheer contains 75% silica and has the highest content of silica known in plant form. There is more silica in Tabasheer than in horsetail and nettle.

Tall Gastrodia Tuber.Tianma
The Chinese herb gastrodine may be just as effective as conventional drugs for the treatment of vascular dementia, which occurs in some patients after a stroke. Use for insufficiency of liver blood, headache, dizzy head, head-wind, neurasthenic, insomnia, vexation and agitation, numbness of the limbs, premature graying etc.

Target Erecta,Xanthophyll,Lutein
What is lutein?Where does Lutein origin from?The names of both of these yellow colored phytonutrients reflect their natural hue with lutein being derived from the Latin word luteus meaning golden yellow while zea refers to the corn genus and xantho- is derived from a Greek word that means yellow.

Terminalia bellerica
Recent research in the experimental world have proven this herb to be potent adaptogenic agent. The whole aqueous standardized extracts of Terminalia belerica were administered orally to experimental animals, in a dose extrapolated from the human dose, following which they were exposed to a variety of biological, physical and chemical stressors.

Thyme,Thymus Vulgaris
Thyme is a common household spice with many medicinal uses. During the Middle Ages, Thyme was grown in monastery gardens in southern France, Spain, and Italy for use as a cough remedy, digestive aid and treatment for intestinal parasites. The active ingredient in Thyme is thymol.

Tomato.Lycopene
Although lycopene was first isolated in 1873, it is only in the last decade that it has become widely recognized as a potent antioxidant and a potential protector against the risk of certain types of cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Even though the science is still emerging and little intervention data is available, consumer interest in lycopene is growing.

Tree Peony Bark.Cortex Moutan
Cultivated in Asia for at least 1200 years, when the first dried flower specimens were received from China they were named Paeonia arborea (tree peony) because it was erroneously assumed that flowers of such size couldn't possibly be produced on bushes.

Tribulus Terrestris,Saponins
Tribulus terrestris is a single herbal product that has recently become extremely popular in the natural health field. It has been found to benefit the sexual functions of both men and women. It is a libido enhancer. Clinical studies indicate that it helps with premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and with menopausal syndrome.

Tanshinones,Tanshinone IIA
Tanshnone IIA is a diterpenoid naphthoquinone extracted and isolated from Radix Salvia miltiorrhiza(Danshen).The main active constituents of salvia are diterpene quinones, known as tanshinones. Most of these compounds are colored, providing the reddish appearance of the roots.

Triticum repens,Couch-Grass.
Triticum is a useful remedy in the treatment of urinary infections such as cystitis, urethritis and prostatitis. Its demulcent properties soothe irritation and inflammation. It is also of value in the treatment of prostatitis, and may be used in kidney stones and gravel.

Uva Ursi,Arctostaphylos officinalis.
Like many other herbs, Uva Ursi has a long history of effective use. From the Middle Ages, the herbals indicate that Uva Ursi was a reliable diuretic effectively used in urinary infection. By the end of the 1700's it had become official in the London Pharmacopoeia.

Valerian Root,Valerienic acid
The Greek physicians, Galen and Dioscorides, aptly called the plant "phu" because of its distinctive and rather unpleasant smell resembling that of ancient leather or something akin to stale perspiration. The older botanical classification, V. phu, reflects this. The root is still added as a musky tone to perfumes.

Vervain herb.Verbena officinalis
Verbina Officinalis. Slightly bitter tisane is of very old usage as a digestive and sedative nightcap. Essential oil of vervain is used for creativity, success in artistic careers, obtaining material benefits, and helping warriors escape from their enemies. It is said to increase the power of magical tools when used to anoint them.

Vitex agnus-castus,Chaste Berry
As you may have guessed, chasteberry got its name in a different time and place! Women alleged to be a little hot under the bonnet were cooled down by the use of chasteberry tea. Fear not, chasteberry will not turn you into a female eunuch.However, at what chasteberry does do for women: it balances their hormonal system.

Watermelon Peel
Watermelon native to Africa and spread to Asia,Europe,America,spread to Kitan Kingdom at about year 950~1000,then come into the China mainland.Watermelon Peel called as "Xi Gua Cui Yi" in TCM, good function as herbal laxative and could be applied to lower cholesterol.

Western Larch.ABG
Larch arabinogalactan is extracted from the heartwood of the western larch Larix occidentalis. These arabinogalactans have a backbone of (1-3)-linked beta-D-galactopyranosyl units each of which containa a side chain at position C-6. Most of these side chains are galacrobiosyl units containing a (1-6)-beta-D-linkage.

Wheat Bran,Triticum aestivum
Wheat bran: Wheat bran is also a nutritional storehouse; it offers a considerable amount of dietary fiber, along with magnesium and selenium. One-quarter cup contains 2 grams of protein and less than a gram of fat.Bran is the fibrous layer coating the endosperm of cereal grains. It is separated from the grain during milling process.

White Peony Root
Peony Root is native to China, chiefly produced in the Zhejiang, Anhui, and Sichuan provinces. The root is harvested in late summer or early fall, and then washed clean. After removal of the lateral roots and skin, it is sometimes boiled for a short period, and then dried. Peony is named after Paeon, the Greek physician to the gods.

Wild Cherry bark.Prunus serotina
Contains prussic acid, which is known to calm the nerves associated with the coughing reflex. Wild Cherry Bark has been used in several cough suppressant formulas, often combined with Coltsfoot and Horehound to combat whooping cough, and with Meadowsweet and Marshmallow Root to fight dyspepsia. It is also used to sooth the after effects of allergy attacks.

White Willow Bark.Salix alba
White willow bark is mentioned in ancient Egyptian, Assyrian, and Greek manuscripts, and was used to treat pain and fever by ancient physicians Galen, Hippocrates, and Dioscorides. Native American Indians used it for headaches, fever, sore muscles, rheumatism, and chills. In the mid-1700's, it was used to treat malaria.

Wild Yam,Dioscorea Villosa
Diosgenin found in Wild Yam is a phytoestrogen, and it closely resembles human progesterone. Due to this similarity, body reacts to it as if it were progesterone.Because they are not the same as human hormones, phytoestrogens are far less potent which results in slower effect but safer use. Phytoestrogens do not cause any side effects.

Wolfberry.Polysaccharides
Lycium is a major Chinese tonic herb, first mentioned in the Divine Husbandman's Classic (Shen'nong Bencaojing), written in the 1st century AD. Traditionally lycium is believed to promote long life -a Chinese herbalist said to have lived for 252 years ascribed his longevity to tonic herbs, including lycium.

Xanthoparmelia Scabrosa
The Xanthoparmelia Scabrosa plant contain substances that extend the duration of the erection.Xanthoparmelia Scabrosa naturally contains the substances 4-Methylpiperazine and Pyrazolo Pyrimidin-7-1.These substances delay the work of the PDE-5 enzymes, so that the penis stay erect longer and delays the flaccid state.

Yellow Dock.Rumex crispus
Yellow dock, also known as curly dock, is traditionally used as a liver strengthener and a specific for skin ailments such as psoriasis and eczema. This root extract can be of help when dealing with constipation and indigestion. Yellow dock is helpful in alleviating anemia.

Yellow sweetclover,Melilotus officinalis Lam.
Melilot, also known as Sweet Lucerne, King's Clover, Sweet Clover, Wild Laburum, is widely used as forage, and soiling for crops.Melilot is known to reduce inflammation and swelling by increasing the amount of blood that flows through the veins back toward the heart.

Zirantong.Pyritum.iron pyrites FeS2
Zi ran tong(Pyritum ):zi ran tong literally means natural copper; but it has nothing to do with copper. It is iron pyrites. Its chemical formula is FeS2. It also contains some trace mineral like nickle, arsenic and antimony.

 Quote 1:
 There is a passage on money in Timon of Athens, of which Marx was fond,...Timon finds gold in the miasmatic fecundity of the earth, reminding him of the social and symbolic order he has left behind: "...Gold? Yellow, glittering, precious gold? No, gods, I am no idle votarist. Roots, you clear heavens! Thus much of this will make black white, foul fair, Wrong right, base noble, old young, coward valiant. Ha, you gods! why this? What, this, you gods? Why, this Will lug your priests and servants from your sides, Pluck stout men's pillows from below their heads - This yellow slave Will knit and break religions, bless th' accurs'd, Make the hoar leprosy ador'd, place thieves And give them title, knee, and approbation, With senators on the bench. This is it That makes the wappen'd widow wed again - She whom the spital-house and ulcerous sores Would cast the gorge at this embalms and spices To th' April day again. Come, damn'd earth, Thou common whore of mankind, that puts odds Among the rout of nations, I will make thee Do thy right nature. ..."  Alexander In Complete Works, ed. ....

 Quote 2:
 "....cinnamon, and odours and ointments, and frankincense, and wine, and oil, and fine flour, and wheat, and beasts, and sheep, and horses, and chariots, and slaves, and the souls of men."...  (From the description of Babylon (`the merchants of the earth shall weep and mourn over her' . . . , 11), Revelation 18:13....

 Quote 3:
 "...in any series of marks there is always at least one which functions as `empty', `asemic' - that is to say, which re-marks the differential space of the inscription of marks. It is only through the gesture of re-marking that a mark becomes mark, since it is only the re-mark which opens and sustains the place of its inscription"...  Zizek For They Know Not What They Do, p.75....

 Quote 6:
 The Oxford English Dictionary's seventh definition of spice is `a trace, touch, dash, specimen'....OED, spice, 7.

 Quote 4:

"...It is the notion of the fetish which is so elegantly captured in the transitive use of `embalms and spices'. The spicing of the body appears to move it in two directions at once, forward and backward, to resurrection and to youth. `Embalm' connotes an immersion, bestowing a richness and depth upon the body. Additionally, however, spice is imagined as the opposite of what bestows depth: a coat, coating, surface or appearance. An embalmed body has no organic insides. Marx's frustration and fascination with the asym- metry between surface and depth, an asymmetry that is the mark of the fetish, illustrates the power of the agency of spice.There is something uncanny here, for embalming brings a corpse to life, just as Tamburlaine in Christopher Marlowe's play (1590) mourns Zenocrate:
    "...Though she be dead, yet let me think she lives, . . . thou shalt stay with me Embalm'd with Cassia, Amber Greece and Myrre . . . (II Tamburlaine ii.iv.127-30) "...

 Quote 5:

 "...The definition of spice does not simply entail a listing of the positive attributes of the commodity..."...First,note for the cultural significance of spice,or in figurative language, spice appears as a species, or appearance, which has the qualities of a genus, or larger set of which the species is a part......."(As a kind of nasal ekphrasis, spice is a symbol that has within it more than what it symbolises. It is language trying to touch, or incarnate, the Real. But in the second observation, spice is actually the negation of the real qua non-linguistic, sensuous and punctual reality. The two observa- tions can also be exemplified through the etymology of spice. )" "...Second,From the etymology of spice. Spice derives from the Latin species, from which we obtain notions of appearance and particularity, and also of money, specie."...Species, specious and specie suggest that spice belongs to a set of words that denote the non-universal, particular, contingent realm of appear- ance. But when we look `behind' spice to find some general or universal category that might substantiate its meaning or fix its place, we find none. We simply re-encounter spice. It is as if the universal were on the side of the particular itself, as if it were an empty mark by means of which the particular was reflected into itself."..."....Quasi-reality opens up a third realm, not of things or of thoughts but of the reality of desire....The luxury commodity is not just an `incarnated' sign, as Appadurai calls it, but is spectral. The luxury commodity is in the realm of the signifier but also somewhat spookily `really there': a sign of incarnation. `Incarnation' then is a more bizarre concept than Appadurai's use of it suggests. Spectrality suggests the supernatural, a different, parallel order of materiality. "...A spectral mark that renders a fleshly, solid-seeming reality brings us to the fetish. Fetishes have at least four properties: materiality, historicity, boundary-marking and affect. "...in any series of marks there is always at least one which functions as `empty', `asemic' - that is to say, which re-marks the differential space of the inscription of marks. It is only through the gesture of re-marking that a mark becomes mark, since it is only the re-mark which opens and sustains the place of its inscription"...Spice warps the fold of meaning so that there appears to be nothing on the other side. Spice, then, is like the twist in a Moius strip, which flips one `side' of a two-dimensional shape kinked in three dimensions onto its `other' side. Derrida observes that pharmakon, used in the second chapter to describe the rhetorical register of spice flow, can imply both painting, painters, and `pictorial color' itself, `an artificial tint': compare Keats's `tinct with cinnamon' (The Eve of St Agnes, 267). Spice similarly implies both genus and species."...marks, traces, touches and dashes are not real or unreal but quasi-real. Quasi-reality opens up a third realm, not of things or of thoughts but of the reality of desire.....The luxury commodity is in the realm of the signifier but also somewhat spookily `really there': a sign of incarnation. `Incarnation' then is a more bizarre concept than Appadurai's use of it suggests. Spectrality suggests the supernatural, a different, parallel order of materiality. In horror fiction, ectoplasm is not of this earth, nor does it belong to the realm of the ideal; it is quasi-material, transcendental, a sublime object. "...  Timothy Morton The Poetics of Spice: Romantic Consumerism and the Exotic, paragraph.59.57,56.54.60,68,69,35,34,etc.....