What is CoQ10?Heart Energy Engine and More.
Contents
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- What is CoQ10? Chemical Structure of Coenzyme Q10.
- Introduction: Coenzyme Q10.
- Benefits of Coenzyme Q10 or CoQ10(Co Q 10).
- Actions and Pharmacology for CoQ10(Co Q 10).
- Coenzyme Q10 in food.
- Coenzyme Q10 Deficiency.
- Effects of Statin Drugs on CoQ10(Co Q 10).
- Supplementation and Safety.
- Commercial Production of CoQ10(Co Q 10) Supplements.
- Biochemistry of CoQ10(Co Q 10).
- Indications and Usage.
- Research Update and Findings of Coenzyme Q10.
What is CoQ10? Chemical Structure of Coenzyme Q10.:
Product name : Coenzyme Q10
Synonyms: CoenzymeQ, Co-enzyme Q10, Coenzyme Q (50), CoQ, CoQ10, CoQ(50), Co-Q10, CoQ-10, 2,3 dimethoxy-5 methyl-6-decaprenyl benzoquinone,idebenone (synthetic analogue), mitoquinone, Ubiquinone-10, CoQ10, Ubiquinone 50, Ubidecarenone,Neuquinone, Q10, Taidecanone, ubidecarenone, ubiquinone, ubiquinone-10, ubiquinone-Q10, Udekinon, vitamin q10, vitamin Q10.
CAS RN: 303-98-0
Moleclar formula : C59H90O4
Molucular weight : 863.34
Coenzyme Q10 is a fat-soluble nutrient also known as CoQ10, vitamin Q10, ubidecarenone, or ubiquinone. It is a natural product of the human body that is primarily found in the mitochondria, which are the cellular organelles that produce energy. It occurs in most tissues of the human body; however, the highest concentrations are found in the heart, liver, kidneys, and pancreas. Ubiquinone takes its name from a combination of the word ubiquitous, meaning something that is found everywhere, and quinone 10. Quinones are substances found in all plants and animals. The variety found in humans has a 10-unit side chain in its molecular structure. Apart from the important process that provides energy, CoQ10 also stabilizes cell membranes and acts as an antioxidant. In this capacity, it destroys free radicals, which are unstable molecules that can damage normal cells.
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Because it is a vitamin-like substance located in virtually every cell, CoQ10 is also known as ubiquinone,from "ubiquitous" to signify its widespread distribution in the human body, and "quinone," a chemical structure with a unique ability to be oxidized and reduced. Found in most living organisms, it is essential to the production of cellular energy and can be both synthesized in the body and derived from dietary sources. There are dietary sources of CoQ10, including meat, poultry and fish, but these sources contain a small amount of CoQ10. Daily intakes from food typically range between 3 to 5 mg/day, which cannot significantly raise blood and tissue levels.
Healthy humans who consume a well-balanced diet have the ability to synthesize coenzyme Q10. Unhealthy individuals and those on an inadequate diet may not synthesize CoQ10 in sufficient quantities. Thus, the biosynthesis of coenzyme Q10 in the human body requires a good diet,one that is high in vitamins, minerals, and other nutrient factors. The NHANES studies reveal that many Americans do not have an adequate diet. Rather, their intake of most water-soluble vitamins (B-complex vitamins and vitamin C), vitamin A and some minerals and trace elements is insufficient. As noted earlier, many of these nutrients are essential for the biosynthesis of coenzyme Q10. In addition, it has been shown that in disease states, nutrients from food sources may not necessarily be absorbed or available. According to some experts, coenzyme Q10 should be considered an essential nutrient, as it is well established that coenzyme Q10 is essential for the health of every cell in the human body.
Coenzyme Q10 resembles vitamin K in its chemical structure. Biochemically, reduced CoQ10 functions much like vitamin E in that it acts as an antioxidant by donating a hydrogen to free radicals. Like vitamins E and K, CoQ10 is also a lipophilic (fat-soluble) molecule. To better explain, it can only be absorbed in the presence of fat, because it is water insoluble. For better CoQ10 absorption, it either has to be introduced in a fat soluble medium or taken with fat in the diet. Many question why CoQ10 should be supplemented, especially since we produce it naturally in the body and obtain it in our food supply. It has been suggested by some clinical data that the body's natural ability to synthesize CoQ10 may diminish as we age. In addition, those with heart disease seem to produce even less, and they are the ones that need it the most.
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COQ10, an abbreviation for Coenzyme Q10, is a compound produced naturally by the body. In fact, it is a substance that exists in all life forms, and even certain foods. As its name implies, it assists the functioning of enzymes. Enzymes are proteins that are responsible for speeding up the rate of chemical reactions that take place in our bodies. Vital functions such as our metabolism are dependent upon these chemical reactions, and, therefore, enzymes and coenzymes, such as COQ10.
Coenzyme Q can exist in three oxidation states: the fully reduced ubiquinol form (CoQH2), the radical semiquinone intermediate (CoQH), and the fully oxidized ubiquinone form (CoQ).
Appearance: Yellow to orange crystalline powder
Identification: IR complies (USP28 197K)
Dissolve about 50mg of Ubidecarenone in 1mLof ethyl ether, and add 10mL of dehydrated alcohol. To 2mL of this solution, add 3mL of dehydrated alcohol and 2mL of dimethyl malonate, add 1mL of potassium hydroxide solution ( 1in 5) dropwise, and mix: a blue color appears. (USP28)
Water: NMT 0.2% (USP28 921 Method I)
Residue on ignition: NMT0.1% (USP28 281)
Heavy metals:NMT 0.002% (USP28 231 Method II)
Assay : 98.0-101.0% (USP28)
Chromatogrphic purity : Test 1: Sum of all Impurities:NMT 1.0% (USP28)
Test 2: Sum of all Impurities:NMT 1.0% (USP28)
Test 1 and Test 2: Sum of all Impurities:NMT 1.5% (USP28)
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Reference:
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- What is CoQ10?Heart Energy Engine and More.
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