What is CoQ10?Heart Energy Engine and More.
Contents
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- What is CoQ10? Chemical Structure of Coenzyme Q10.
- Introduction: Coenzyme Q10.
- Benefits of Coenzyme Q10 or CoQ10(Co Q 10).
- Actions and Pharmacology for CoQ10(Co Q 10).
- Coenzyme Q10 in food.
- Coenzyme Q10 Deficiency.
- Effects of Statin Drugs on CoQ10(Co Q 10).
- Supplementation and Safety.
- Commercial Production of CoQ10(Co Q 10) Supplements.
- Biochemistry of CoQ10(Co Q 10).
- Indications and Usage.
- Research Update and Findings of Coenzyme Q10.
Introduction: Coenzyme Q10.:
Coenzyme Q10 or CoQ10(Co Q 10) is an organic molecule that is naturally synthesized in the liver. According to Dr. Karl Folkers and other experts, humans can biosynthesize coenzyme Q10 from tyrosine through a cascade of aromatic precursors which indispensably require certain vitamins: vitamins B2, B6, B12, folic acid, niacin, and pantothenic acid. CoQ10 is comprised of a quinone ring and a hydrocarbon side chain made up of 10 isoprene units. This side chain is synthesized from acetyl-CoA. The quinone ring is synthesized from the amino acids (tyrosine or phenylalanine) and is responsible for CoQ10 having such powerful antioxidant activity. The reduced form of CoQ10 is able to scavenge free radicals that may cause damage to the body's DNA, proteins, and lipids, opening the door to a host of various diseases including cardiovascular disease, and neurodegerative diseases such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's.
In these days of screaming headlines, it's important to be cautious of anything that makes claims that seem a bit too good to believe. And yet, in taking time to check the claims for Coenzyme Q10, you will find decades of research and medical studies from several countries around the world. First discovered in 1957, Coenzyme Q10, or simply CoQ10, is also called ubiquinone, a name that signifies its ubiquitous (widespread) distribution in the human body. As a coenzyme, this nutrient aids mitochondria, the powerhouses of cells, in the complex process of transforming food into ATP, the energy on which the body runs. Coenzyme Q10 is a nutrient which has been found to be beneficial for a surprising variety of health problems:
Researchers have explored the effects of coenzyme Q10 supplementation in people with periodontal disease, which has been linked to coenzyme Q10 deficiency. Double-blind studies show that people with gum disease given coenzyme Q10 achieve better results than those given a placebo.
Virtually every cell in the human body contains coenzyme Q10. The mitochondria, the area of cells where energy is produced, contain the most coenzyme Q10. The heart and the liver, because they contain the most mitochondria per cell, contain the greatest amount of coenzyme Q10. Coenzyme Q10 has helped some people with congestive heart failure - an effect reported in an analysis of 8 controlled trials and found in some, although not all double-blind studies. Coenzyme Q10 may take several months to show beneficial effects. People with congestive heart failure who are taking coenzyme Q10 should not stop taking it suddenly, because sudden withdrawal may temporarily aggravate the symptoms of congestive heart failure.
Coenzyme Q10 or CoQ10(Co Q 10) belongs to a family of substances called ubiquinones. Ubiquinones, also known as coenzymes Q and mitoquinones, are lipophilic, water-insoluble substances involved in electron transport and energy production in mitochondria. The basic structure of ubiquinones consists of a benzoquinone "head" and a terpinoid "tail." The "head" structure participates in the redox activity of the electron transport chain. The major difference among the various coenzymes Q is in the number of isoprenoid units (5-carbon structures) in the "tail." Coenzymes Q contain one to 12 isoprenoid units in the "tail"; 10 isoprenoid units are common in animals.
Coenzymes Q occur in the majority of aerobic organisms, from bacteria to plants and animals. Two numbering systems exist for designation of the number of isoprenoid units in the terpinoid "tail": coenzyme Qn and coenzyme Q(x). N refers to the number of isoprenoid side chains, and x refers to the number of carbons in the terpinoid "tail" and can be any multiple of five. Thus, coenzyme Q10 refers to a coenzyme Q having 10 isoprenoid units in the "tail." Since each isoprenoid unit has five carbons, coenzyme Q10 can also be designated coenzyme Q. The structures of coenzymes Q are analogous to those of vitamin K2.
Coenzyme Q10 is also known as Coenzyme Q(5O), CoQ10, CoQ(50), ubiquinone (50), ubiquinol- 10 and ubidecarerone. Chemically, CoQ10 is known as 2, 3-dimethyoxy-5-methyl-6-decaprenyl-1,4-benzoquinone, and its structural formula is:
It is a solid wax-like substance. CoQ10 is the predominant form in humans, and CoQ9 is the predominant form in rats.
Supplemental CoQ10(Co Q 10) is typically derived from tobacco leaf extracts and fermented sugar cane and beets.
Reference:
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- What is CoQ10?Heart Energy Engine and More.
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