This plant extract is a lipase inhibitor. A lipase inhibitor impairs the enzyme responsible for the breakdown of fat, thereby blocking its function. Subsequently, fat molecules remain undigested and unabsorbed as they move through the gastrointestinal tract. This means their caloric content is not released into the bloodstream. Because Cassia inhibits fat from being absorbed into the bloodstream, there is less opportunity for fat to be stored. Unlike pharmaceutical lipase inhibitors, Cassia nomame does little to interfere with the absorption of fat soluble vitamins.
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Basic Instruction
What is Cassia Nomame Extract&Dimer Flavonoids? What is lipase inhibitor and Good lipase inhibitor?
Latin Name: Cassia nomame. L.; or Chamaecrista mimosoides (L.) Greene,or brief as Cassia mimosoides L.
Botanical Source:Cassia nomame (sieb.) kifagawa; or Cassia mimosoides var. nomame Makino
Synonyms:Cassia nomame (sibe.)Kita; nomame herba; Mimosoides tea, fish bone cassia,Artillery plant; five-leaf cassia (Australia).
Origin (native to where): Southern Africa
Habitat: Southern Africa,West and East Asia.
Plant Part Used: Total Aerial Part(Dried 100% Natural) including dry stem,leaves,and seed.
Recommend: Cassia nomame (Cassia Mimosoides) is an important lipase inhibitor which works by inhibiting fat from being absorbed into the bloodstream, but at the same time allows the necessary absorption of fat-soluble vitamins.
An exceedingly variable, prostrate to erect legume up to 1.5 m high, usually annual, sometimes with stems becoming woody above ground level and enabling the plant to perenniate. Stems variable, usually puberulent with short curved hairs, sometimes more or less densely clothed with longer spreading hairs. Leaves linear to linear-oblong, more or less parallel-sided, 0.6 to 10 cm long, 0.4 to 1.5 cm . Gland usually at or near the top of the petiole, sessile, normally orbicular or nearly so, disk shaped when dry, 0.4 to 1 mm in diameter. Rachis glandular, serrate or crenate-crested along the upper side. Leaflets sessile, in 16 to 76 pairs, obliquely oblong to oblong-elliptic or linear-oblong, 2.5 to 8 (2 to 9) mm long, 0.5 to 1.25 (1.9) mm wide, acute or subacute and shortly mucronate, glabrous or nearly so. Midrib somewhat eccentric, lateral nerves obscure to prominent beneath. Inflorescence supra-axillary or sometimes axillary, one- to three-flowered. Pedicels 0.3 to 2.5 (3.0) cm long, usually shortly puberulent, sometimes spreading hairy. Petals yellow, obovate 4 to 13 mm long, 2 to 9 mm wide. Pods linear to linear-oblong, (sometimes 1.5 but usually 3.5 to 8 cm long); 3.5 mm wide, usually adpressed hairy. Seeds brown, more or less rhombic, 2 to 3 mm long, 1 to 2 mm wide
Cassia nomame Distribution.:
The species as a whole is widespread in the tropics of the Old World and has been recorded from the Americas, but this needs confirmation. The range of variation is wide but cannot be clearly linked to either geographic origins or the effect of a hybrid swarm. At present it is simply divided into seven unnamed groups.
Group A = C. mimosoides L. var. telfairiana Hook. is from Mauritius and the Seychelles, with closely related plants in the Sudan and the Congo . Grows from 0 to 1 370 m in altitude.
Group B is from the Congo, the Sudan, Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia, Angola and southern Africa. Grows at altitudes from 900 to 1 500 m.
Group C is recorded only from Zanzibar, between sea level and 550 m.
Group D only from north-western Kenya, between 1 680 and 1 740 m.
Group E is from the Sudan, the Congo, Mozambique, Zimbabwe and the Transvaal, and is closely related to plants in Nigeria, C?te d'Ivoire, Mali and Madagascar between 470 and 1 550 m.
Group F = var. glabriuscula Ghesq., and is widespread in tropical Africa from the Gambia to Nigeria and the Sudan and southwards to Angola and Natal; it is also found in Asia from India to Australia.
Group G occurs in Sierra Leone, Liberia, the Congo, Eritrea, the Sudan, Mozambique, Zambia and Angola, and also in India between 0 and 2 110 m. It resembles C. capensis Thunb. var. humifusa Ghesq. (Brennan, 1967).C
What is lipase inhibitor,Dimer Flavonoids from Cassia Nomame as Good lipase inhibitor:
This plant Cassia Nomame Extract is a lipase inhibitor. A lipase inhibitor impairs the enzyme responsible for the breakdown of fat, thereby blocking its function. Subsequently, fat molecules remain undigested and unabsorbed as they move through the gastrointestinal tract. This means their caloric content is not released into the bloodstream. Because Cassia inhibits fat from being absorbed into the bloodstream, there is less opportunity for fat to be stored. Unlike pharmaceutical lipase inhibitors, Cassia nomame does little to interfere with the absorption of fat soluble vitamins. (A multi-vitamin is recommended however.)
Lipase Inhibitor:Lipase inhibitors are expected to be candidates of medicine for prevention or treatment of obesity. Weight Loss Book published citing the effectiveness of Cassia Nomame.
Several well-known prescription drugs utilize lipase inhibitors as the pathway for losing weight. Lipase inhibitors disrupt the fat absorption process by impairing the enzymes (lipases) responsible for the breakdown of fat. Blocking this function causes fat molecules to remain in their original large state undigested and unabsorbed as they pass through the digestive tract for elimination in the stool. Clinical data supports the effectiveness of lipase inhibitors leading to significant weight loss. Several double blind, placebo-controlled studies have been done assessing thousands of people in the US and in Europe. Current pharmaceutical lipase inhibitors have been shown to block up to 30 percent of the dietary fat that was ingested.
During search for natural lipase inhibitors we found a remarkable small tree called Cassia Nomame. The fruit from this small tree contains an array of natural lipase inhibitors comparable to the synthetic pharmaceutical compounds currently available.
Cassia Nomame grows wild in parts of China, Southeast Asia, India and South America. Another name for this species is "Sensitive Senna", which has been used as a natural laxative in some herbal preparations. A study at PKU of China concluded that Cassia Nomame showed a 28 percent inhibition in lipase (fat) in laboratory tests. This study shows comparable results to pharmaceutical lipase inhibitors currently on the market. The potency of Cassia Nomame is what sets this extract apart from other ingredients. In laboratory tests this natural lipase inhibitor has shown comparable effectiveness to its synthetic, pharmaceutical counterpart.
Difference and Similarity between Dimer Flavonoids of Cassia Nomame from other appetite suppressant:
Cassia Nomame Extract vs. Chitosan
One question or bit of confusion is concerning Cassia Nomame and fat binders such as Chitosan. Chitosan is a marine fiber that binds to fat in the stomach thereby blocking digestion. The main difference in the two is that Chitosan must be in direct contact with the fat in the stomach to be effective. The more fat consumed the more chitosan you need to eliminate the excess fat. On the other hand, Cassia Nomame disrupts the digestive enzyme process requiring much smaller amounts to eliminate more fat.
Cassia Nomame Extract vs. Hoodia Extracts
Hoodia extracts kills the appetite and attacks obesity, is organic with no synthetic or artificial appetite control agents, has no known side effects, contains a miracle molecule (up to 100000 times more powerful than glucose) that fools the brain into believing you are full, and even stops you from thinking about food. But it actually does MORE...
Hoodia extracts gives you the freedom and control you've always wanted. It allows you to lose weight in the knowledge and comfort that you'll never miss out on a luncheon, dinner, or festive occasion again for fear of overeating.
And Cassia Nomame plays similar function as Hoodia,for more details of Hoodia Cactus Gordonii P.E.20:1(Hoodia Gordonii P.E.),Hoodia appetite suppressant,just check related pages for more details.
The Suppressing Effect of the Extract from Cassia nomame on Clastogenicity and Cytotoxicity of Mitomycin C in CHO Cells:
Recently the tea plant has been suggested be effective in suppressing carcinogenesis. An epidemiological study showed that the mortality from cancer was significantly lower than that in other prefectures. someone reported that the extract of Po-lei tea and Rooibos tea suppressed the frequency of chromosome aberrations induced by clastogens. Attention has been focused on the carcinogenesis-suppressing effect of cathechins in tea plant extract. Epigallo-cathechin-3 gallate suppresses carcinogenesis by inhibiting the activity of urokinase which is needed for proliferation of cancer cells.
The aqueous extract from leaves, stems, and pods of Cassia nomame called "Hama-cha" or "ShuiZaojiao" is a conventional beverage in the San'in district of East Asia. It is also used as a raw material for a diuretic or antidote in a folk remedy.
Many species in the genus Cassia produce chemicals (second metabolites) which affect human physiology. Senna extracts, i.e., extracts
from Tinnevelly senna (Cassia angustifolia Vahl) and Egyptian senna (Cassia acutifolia Delile), are used worldwide for the treatment of constipation.
A recent study revealed no in vitro clastogenic activity of the senna extract in the mouse micronucleus assay, and there was no indication of a genotoxic risk for the therapeutic use of senna as a laxative.But we find that the extract from Cassia nomame lowers the frequency of chromosome aberration in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) K1 cells treated with 2.5 uM Mitomycin C (MMC), and restores the proliferation of CHO cells suppressed by MMC to the normal level.
Material and Methods:
Preparation of the Extract from Cassia nomame:
Collected plants (Cassia nomame) dried in the shade and chopped into chips, were put into boiling water, 30 times in weight of the chips, and kept boiling for 1 hr. After cooling, the chips were strained out through gauze and the decoction was filtered through 50 um nylon-mesh. The filtrate was centrifuged at approximately 60 x g for 4 min two or three times, and the supernatant was collected. The supernatant was centrifuged at about 560 x g for 10 min
repeatedly until no sediment was seen. The supernatant was concentrated by vacuum distillation until it was evaporated to one fifteenth of its initial volume.
The resulting extract was stored at 4 Centigrade. If sediment appeared in the extract, the supernatant wasused.
Cell line and Culture:The cells were derived from CHO K-1 (from American Type Cell Collection: ATCC) and screened by Sasaki as a population with a relatively short cell cycle. Cells were cultured in Ham's F12 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (GIBCO BRL Inc.,U.S.A.) in a humidified atmosphere with 5% CO2 at 37 C. The volume of the culture medium was 5 ml per 60-mm petri dish.
Mitomycin C Treatment :As a mutagen, MMC was used. MMC (MITOMYCIN Kyowa S,azirizino[2',3':3,4]pyrrolo[1,2- alfa]indole-4,7-dione-6-amino-1,1a,2,8,8a,8b-hexahydro-8-(hydroxymethyl) 8a-methoxy-5-methyl-carbamate). CHO Cells were inoculated at a density of 2.5 x 105 cells/60-mm dish. The cells were exposed to 2.5 uM-MMC for 1 hr after the incubation for 19 or 26 hr, when cell growth was in log phase.
Assay of Chromosome Aberrations:After MMC treatment, the cells were washed with Hank's balanced salt solution (Hank's BSS), and incubated in the medium mentioned above with or without 0.8v/v% extract. At 14, 17, 20, 23, 26 and 29 hr after the MMC treatment, colchicine solution was dropped into the dishes to make the final concentration 125 ¦ÌM, and incubated for one hour. Mitotic preparations were obtained by an air-drying method.
Preparations were stained with 6% Wright Solution in 1/30 M phosphate buffer (pH 6.8). One hundred well-spread metaphases were observed for chromosome aberrations at each sampling time under a microscope.
The frequency of aberrant cells was determined by counting metaphase cells with one or more chromosome aberrations. The experiments were repeated twice.
Measurement of Proliferation Rate of CHO Cells:
CHO cells were inoculated at a density of 2.5 x 105 cells/60-mm dish. After a 19-hr incubation,half of the cells were treated with MMC, washed in Hank's BSS, and cultured on the medium with or without the extract added. The remaining half of the cells were washed with Hank's BSS without pretreatment with MMC at the 20th hour of incubation,and cultured in the medium with or without the extract added.
The medium was not exchanged in any group,except for that 20 hr after inoculation.
In all four groups, the number of cells was counted every 8 hr. To count the cells, we suspended the cells in 0.25% trypsin PBS(-)-solution (Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline without Ca2+and Mg2+), measured the cell density with a counting chamber and calculated the number of cells per dish. The experiments were repeated twice.
Results:
Suppressing Effect of the Extract on Clastogenicity of Mitomycin C
The frequency of cells with chromosome aberrations at various time points. The cells incubated in the medium with the extract showed chromosome aberrations at a lower frequency than those incubated in the medium without the extract.
To test the significance of the difference in the frequencies,we conducted the X2-test for 2 x 2 table. The results indicated that the difference is significant at 99%. These findings suggest that chromosome lesions induced by a 1-hr MMC treatment would be partly restored by the extract.
Recovering from proliferation-inhibiting effect of MMC:
The proliferation curves of the MMC-treated and non-treated cells in the medium with or without extract. The proliferation of the nontreated
cells was not influenced by the addition of the extract.
On the other hand, the proliferation rate of the MMC-treated cells began to lower apparently at about 20 hr after the treatment, stopped increasing
for the following 20 or more hours, and began to increase at about 40 hr after the treatment. When MMC-treated cells were incubated in the medium with the extract added, they proliferated normally as non-treated cells.
The findings suggest that the suppression of cell proliferation by MMC is prevented by the addition of the extract to the medium
after MMC treatment.
Discussion:
It is established that chromosome aberrations are produced by MMC when cells are treated during the G1 phase. According to Sasaki et al. (1989), the duration
of G1, S, and G2 phases in CHO cells treated with 1.0 ¦ÌM MMC for one hour was 9, 9 and 3 hr,respectively. In the present study, the aberrations occurred at a maximum frequency at 21 hr after a 1-hr MMC treatment. This finding supports the view that MMC produces chromosome aberrations most effectively in G1 cells.
Addition of the extract after MMC treatment resulted in lowering the frequency of chromosome aberrations. This result suggests that chromosome
lesions caused by MMC in G1 cells could be repaired during the progression from G1 to M phase at which chromosome aberrations are observed.
It is also known that MMC strongly inhibits division of human leukocyte in vitro when treated in the G1 or S phase, but not in the G2 phase. In the present study, suppression of cell proliferation was observed apparently about 40 hr after MMC treatment.
These results suggest that division of cells which are in G1 or early S phase at the time of treatment is inhibited. Some of the cells could repair lesions induced by MMC and restart division after about 20 hr.
On the other hand, the results showed that MMCtreated cells proliferated normally when they were cultured in the medium containing the extract. The lesions induced by MMC in G1 cells may be restored before the cells reach the M phase. The extract from Cassia nomame may contain some chemicals which
promote the repair of lesions induced by MMC.
Molecular studies on these mechanisms are needed to obtain a definite conclusion.
Fashionable mixture for slim function:
Formula Case Example:
What is the best way of slimming? No matter how much you eat and Research shows that, how many exercises you have done, the main factor of gaining weight is the imbalance of the calories. We all have our Thermo-Calorie Balance inside our bodies, that controls the balance of calorie consumption/absorption from food intake.
When absorption is greater than consumption, the extra calories will be stored in our body automatically and become fat. In order for slimming program to be successful, on one hand we have to find out the factors that cause fat and then avoid. At the same time, we have to increase the consumption calories level and hence to increase the Basal Metabolic Rate. As a result, the balance of absorption and consumption can be achieved,and ideal and effective solution for overall body slimming.
LF Slimming Formula adopts a modern slimming theory:Thermo-Calorie Balance Hypothesis, bases on the accommodative system inside human body. On one hand it helps to attack the factors of causing fat. On the other hand, it helps to increase exercises internally and increase the consumption calories level, and the Basal Metabolic Rate. As a result of fat reduction, 60% fat elimination, fat burning and detoxification, you can obtain 360 slimming effect. Moreover, LF Slimming Formula contains various natural and herbal essences with no preservatives, additives, heavy metals and medicines. No food restriction and no heavy exercises are required. You can lose your weight easily in a safe, healthy and natural way.
Fat Reduction - Chromium:Chromium blocks the conversion of excessive sugars and carbohydrates into fat deposits. It effectively reduces the appetite for dietary control.
60% Fat Elimination:Cassia Nomame:Cassia Nomame inhibits the action of lipase in the body to block fat absorption so that 60% of fat from food would be excreted. Many scientific reports concluded that Cassia Nomame have a better fat elimination effect than Chitosan.
Thermogenesis:Carnitine and Zhi Shi:Carnitine and Zhi Shi enhance body's metabolism and increase the basal metabolic rate and consumption of calories and enable 24 hours exercising in the body. With appropriate exercise, flabby body parts can be firmed up quickly.
Detoxification:Green Tea Extract and Aloe Vera:Green Tea Extract and Aloe Vera help detoxifying body, clean up your intestine and blood. It leads to speed up the systemic circulation and increase the fat elimination and fat burning effects.
LF Slimming Formula should be taken 30 minutes before each meal, it is highly recommended you maintain a healthy and balanced diet and perform light exercise for 5-10 minutes daily. Most importantly, intake LF Slimming Formula on a regular basis, a slim figure and a healthy body will be within your easy reach.
Clinical results conducted by 180 users shown that during the first 2-4 weeks, 90-95% users who take the LF Slimming Formula for 3 capsules three times daily, might lose their weights from 5-12 lbs. Users reduced 1-2 inches of waist size within 2 months. Obvious slimming effect is shown all over the body parts, especially on the arms, abdomen, thighs and buttocks. Flabby body parts can be firmed up quickly to maintain a perfectly slim figure.
You can take the formula every day for long time, it does not only help to maintain your body figure, but also make your skin looks good and health better.
Aloe Vera is a detoxifying agent which can reduce oil secretion on face, reduce the growth of acne and pimple
Green Tea Extract is a powerful antioxidant, which has an anti-aging effect and maintain the skin elasticity.
Does not contain Chitosan:suitable for users who are allergic to seafood.
Suggested Use:
Take 2-3 capsules orally, 3 times a day, on an empty stomach, ideally 30 minutes. Suitable for men & women.
Active Ingredients:Cassia Nomame, Zhi Shi, Green Tea Extract, Carnitine, Chromium and Aleo Vera
So we see Cassia Nomame widely used and very fashionable in slim function:
we develop some kinds of slim formula in good effect, for more details, just check related remedy link.For the slim function, a brief explain following for reference:
Action:Modern phytochemical studies indicated that Cassia nomane contains many kinds of phenols,especially various catechins,suchas(2s)-3',4',7-trihydoxyflavan-(4'8)-catechin,(2s)-3',4',7-trihydoxyflavan-(4'8)-catechin,and etc.
Catechin are natural lipase inhibitors,which reduces the amount of fat absorbed by the body,and by keeping fat molecules in the gastrointestinal tract and making them not digested and blocked getting to bloodstream.Cassia nomame also acts as a natural diuretic,provides thermogenic action to stimulate the burning of fat cells within the body.Due to all of these properties it can help to lose weight, What's more,studies found that it will not do any harm to body as other chemical compounds weight-losing drugs usually do.Cassia nomane extract is widely used as health food supplements,pharmaceuticals,and cosmetic preparation.
Application: inhibits the enzyme lipase
Function: Taking Cassia Nomame reduces the amount of fat that is broken down into an absorbable size. Therefore, fat that would have normally entered the blood stream will pass through the body. This typically assists in reducing total calorie intake and blood triglycerides.
Mechanism: Lipase inhibitors interrupt the normal sequence of events which normally occur after we eat a fat-containing food. Lipase inhibitors keep the fat molecules in their original, large state; so, that they can not pass through the walls of the gastrointestinal tract. They accomplish this by inhibiting the action of pancreatic lipases; consequently, fat molecules are not digested in the small intestines & they they do not enter the blood stream. With this enzyme "blocked" from doing its job, fat passes through the body unabsorbed.
Research Update:
Phytotoxicity of Phytolacca americana leaf extracts on the growth, and physiological response of Cassia mimosoides.:
We examined the allelochemical effects of control soil, native soil (treated soil), and leaf extracts of Phytolacca americana (pokeweed) on the germination rate and seedling growth of Cassia mimosoides var. nomame. We also studied the resulting changes in root-tip ultrastructure and peroxidase isozyme biochemistry. P. americana leaf extract inhibited seed germination, seedling growth, and biomass when compared to control and treated soil. Root and shoot growth in treated soil was stimulated relative to control soil, but root growth was inhibited by 50% in the leaf extract treatment. Biomass of C. mimosoides seedlings grown on leaf extract was reduced sevenfold when compared to the control seedlings. The amounts of total phenolic compounds in the leaf extract, treated soil, and control soil were 0.77, 0.14, and 0.03 mg l(-1), respectively. The root tips of C. mimsoides treated with leaf extracts of P. americana showed amyloplasts and large central vacuoles with electron-dense deposits inside them when compared to control root tips. The activity of guaiacol peroxidase (GuPOX) in whole plant, roots, and shoots of C. mimosoides increased as leaf extract increased; maximum activity was observed in extract concentrations of 75% and higher. Root GuPOX activity was three times higher than in shoots.
Therefore, we conclude that inhibition of C. mimosoides growth is related to the phenolic compounds in the P. americana leaf extract and the ultrastructure changes in root-tip cells and increased GuPOX activity is a response to these allelochemicals.
Anti-clastogenic ingredients in Cassia nomame extract.:
The suppressing effect of the hot-water extract of Cassia nomame (Sieb.) HONDA was studied on the frequency of chromosomal aberrations in Chinese hamster ovary K1 (CHO-K1) cells. CHO-K1 cells were pretreated with 2.5 microM Mitomycin C (MMC) for 1 h and incubated with or without the extract in medium for 10-24 h. The frequency of chromosome aberrations in observed 100 metaphase cells was significantly lower with the extract than that without the extract. Moreover, the suppressing effect of the four fractions collected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was also examined on the same procedure. The frequency of cells with chromosome aberrations in cells cultured with each collected fraction was lower than in those without the extract. The suppressing effect of the collected fractions on chromosomal aberrations, however, was less than that of the total extract.
This result suggests that the ingredients which have the suppressing effect of chromosomal aberrations are also contained in the other fraction of the extract.
Nutraceutical resources for diabetes prevention--an update.:
There is considerable need for safe agents that can reduce risk for diabetes in at-risk subjects. Although certain drugs--including metformin, acarbose, and orlistat--have shown diabetes-preventive activity in large randomized studies, nutraceuticals have potential in this regard as well. Natural agents which slow carbohydrate absorption may mimic the protective effect of acarbose; these include: soluble fiber--most notably glucomannan; chlorogenic acid--likely responsible for reduction in diabetes risk associated with heavy coffee intake; and legume-derived alpha-amylase inhibitors. There does not appear to be a natural lipase inhibitor functionally equivalent to orlistat, although there are poorly documented claims for Cassia nomame extracts. Metformin's efficacy reflects activation of AMP-activated kinase; there is preliminary evidence that certain compounds in barley malt have similar activity, without the side effects associated with metformin. In supraphysiological concentrations, biotin directly activates soluble guanylate cyclase; this implies that, at some sufficient intake, biotin should exert effects on beta cells, the liver, and skeletal muscle that favor good glucose tolerance and maintenance of effective beta cell function. Good magnesium status is associated with reduced diabetes risk and superior insulin sensitivity in recent epidemiology; ample intakes of chromium picolinate appear to promote insulin sensitivity in many individuals and improve glycemic control in some diabetics; calcium/vitamin D may help preserve insulin sensitivity by preventing secondary hyperparathyroidism. Although conjugated linoleic acid--like thiazolidinediones, a PPAR-gamma agonist--has not aided insulin sensitivity in clinical trials, the natural rexinoid phytanic acid exerts thiazolidinedione-like effect in animals and cell cultures, and merits clinical examination.
Other natural agents with the potential to treat and possibly prevent diabetes include extracts of bitter melon and of cinnamon. Nutraceuticals featuring meaningful doses of combinations of these agents would likely have substantial diabetes-preventive efficacy, and presumably could be marketed legally as aids to good glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity.
Blood-lipid depressant and victuals containing the same:
In a blood-lipid depressant for depressing a blood-lipid level, an effective component of the depressant is an extract extracted with an extracting solvent from a senna species (Cassia mimosoides L. var. nomame Makino). An effective component of the depressant is an extract obtained by fractionating via chromatographic methods an extract extracted with an extracting solvent from a senna species (Cassia mimosoides L. var. nomame Makino).
Scientific References:
1.What is Cassia Nomame Extract&Dimer Flavonoids? What is lipase inhibitor and Good lipase inhibitor?...
Claims & Warning:
Claims: Information this web site presented is meant for Nutritional Benefit and as an educational starting point only, for use in maintenance and promotion good health in cooperation with a common knowledge base reference...Furthermore,it based solely on the traditional and historic use or legend of a given herb from the garden of Adonis. Although every effort has been made to ensure its accurate, please note that some info may be outdated by more recent scientific developments......
Pharmakon Warning: The order of knowledge is not the transparent order of forms and ideas,as one might be tempted retrospectively to interpret it; it is the antidote....(Dissemination,Plato's Pharmacy,II.The Ingredients:Phantasms,Festivals,and Paints;138cf. Jacques Derrida.).
And as it happens,the technique of imitation,along with the production of the simulacrum,has always been in Plato's eyes manifestly magical,thaumaturgical:......and the same things appear bent and straight to those who view them in water and out,or concave and convex,owing to similar errors of vision about colors, and there is obviously every confusion of this sort in our souls.And so scene painting (skiagraphia) in its exploitation of this weakness of four nature falls nothing short of witchcraft (thaumatopoia), and so do jugglery and many other such contrivances.(Republic X,602c-d;cf.also 607c).