Fenugreek Trigonella Foenum-Graecum.Fenugreek Seed Extracts.
Article Content:
- .Botanical Basic Data of Fenugreek.
- .Narrative History of of Fenugreek.
- .Nutritional Profile:Fenugreek Seed,Trigonella foenum-graecum (Leguminosae).
- .Legends, Myths and Stories of Fenugreek.
- .Description of of Fenugreek.
- .Medicinal Action and Uses of Fenugreek.
- .Common Uses of Fenugreek.
- .Fenugreek Seed (Trigonella foenum-graecum; Hu Lu Ba) 10:1 Extract Powder.
- .Pharmacology of Fenugreek Seed (Trigonella foenum-graecum; Hu Lu Ba).
- .Safety of Fenugreek.
- .Possible side effects and cautions of fenugreek.
- .Trigonelline (nicotinic acid betaine) from fenugreek.
- .How Search engine think about fenugreek.
- .Research Update:Fenugreek.
Safety of Fenugreek.
Side Effects:Use of more than 100 grams of seeds daily can cause intestinal upset and nausea. Otherwise, fenugreek is extremely safe.
Fenugreek is used to flavor artificial maple syrup, and is used as a common food ingredient (curries, chutneys, etc.) and traditional medicine in many parts of the world, including India, Greece, China, north Africa and the Middle East. It is a basic ingredient of curry powder (often used in Indian cooking) and the Five Spice mixtures (used in Asian cooking). It is also eaten as a salad and sprouted.
Fenugreek is considered safe for nursing moms when used in moderation and is on the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's GRAS list (Generally Recognized As Safe). As with most medications and herbs, various side effects have been noted; see the side effects and safety information below.
Per Hale [Hale 2002], "The transfer of fenugreek into milk is unknown, but untoward effects have not been reported." Hale classifies it in Lactation Risk Category L3 (moderately safe).
Dosage of Fenugreek:Due to the somewhat bitter taste of fenugreek seeds, debitterized seeds or encapsulated products are preferred. The typical range of intake is 5 - 30 grams with each meal or 15 - 90 grams all at once with one meal.
Studies in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus and hypercholesterolemia have used 5 g/day of seeds or 1 g/day of a hydroalcoholic extract of fenugreek.
Toxicity Study:
Acute Toxicity of Fenugreek extract:LD50.Lethal dose,50 percent kill.Fenugreek Extract.Intraperitoneal.Rosent-rat.>1 gram(1000mgs)/kg.
The acute toxicity from a large dose of fenugreek has not been characterized, but may result in hypoglycemia. It is probable that toxicity is low; the LD 50 of fenugreek extract was more than 1 g/kg when administered intraperitonealy to rats.
Reference:Sur P, Das M, Gomes A, et al. Trigonella foenum graecum (fenugreek) seed extract as an antineoplastic agent. Phytother Res . 2001;15:257-259.
Acute Toxicity of Trigonelline:
LD50.Lethal dose,50 percent kill.Oral.Rodent-rat.5 gm(5000 mgs)/kg.Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value. Reference:AIPTAK Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapie.(Heymans Institute of Pharmacology,De Pintelaan 185,B-9000 Ghent,Belgium)V.4-1898-Volume(issue)/page/year:210,27,1974.
LD50.Lethal dose,50 percent kill.Subcutaneous.Rodent-rat.5 gm(5000 mgs)/kg.Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value. Reference:PSEBAA Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine.(Academic Press, Inc.,1 E.First St.,Duluth,MN55802)V.1-1903/04-Volume(issue)/page/year:62,19,1946.
Mutagenic Data of Trigonelline:Mutation in microorganisms.Bacteria.Salmonella typhimurium.1 mmol/plate.
Reference:MUREAV Mutation Research.(Elsevier Science Pub.B.V.,POB211,1000AE Amsterdam,Netherlands)V.1-1964-Volume(issue)/page/year:391,171,1997.
Reference:
1.Fenugreek Trigonella Foenum-Graecum.Fenugreek Seed Extracts.
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