What is Ginkgo Biloba? What is Ginkgo Biloba Extract or GBE?
Article Content:
- .Botanical Description of Ginkgo Biloba and Characteristics of Ginkgo Biloba Extract.
- .What is Water soluble Ginkgo Biloba Extract?
- .What is 100% Water Soluble Ginkgo Biloba Extract?
- .Ginkgo Biloba - What is it?and How does it work? Archeology of Ginkgo Biloba and narrative history.
- .Ginkgo Biloba Benefits:More Key Actions and notable functions in brief,Other Uses of Ginkgo biloba.
- .Ginkgo Biloba Material:Medicial parts,Dosage and beneficial quantity.
- .Chemical and Physical Properties:Standardized ingredients of GBe.
- .Application Guide: Therapeutics and Pharmacology,Cautions of Ginkgo Biloba,Remedy and Traditional Uses.
- .Safety and Toxicity of Ginkgo Biloba.
- .Ginkgo Biloba Pictures.
- .How Search engine think about Ginkgo Biloba.
- .Ginkgo Biloba Research Update.
Chemical and Physical Properties:Standardized ingredients of GBe.
Chemical and Physical Properties Ginkgo Biloba Extract:
Description: Ginkgo seed has been listed as a source of medicine since the early Chinese herbals. The leaf has been recommended for medicinal uses as early as 1509 and is still used in the form of teas. The focus of this report is a standardized leaf extract first manufactured and marketed in Europe as a medicine for cardiovascular disease and now available in the United States as a dietary supplement (Huh and Staba, 1992; Salvador, 1995).
Flavonoids:
Ginkgo Biloba Extract contains flavonol glycosides including kaempferol and quercetin, and coumaroyl-ester, as shown below.
 |
| R = H: kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside R = OH: quercetin-3-O-rutinoside (rutin) R = OCH3: isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside |
 |
| R = H: kaempferol-3-O-(6'''-trans-p-coumaroyl-2"-glucosyl)rhamnoside R = OH: quercetin-3-O-(6'''-trans-p-coumaroyl-2"-glucosyl)rhamnoside |
Technical Products and Impurities: GBE preparations contain 24% flavone glycosides (quercetin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin) and 6% terpene lactones (ginkgolides, bilobalide), various organic acids, and other constituents (Salvador, 1995). Ginkgolide B accounts for about 0.8% of the total extract, and bilobalide accounts for about 3% of the extract (Vasseur et al., 1994). The first standardized GBE was Egb 761, also called Tebonin, Tanakan, and rkan (Kleijnen and Knipschild, 1992a). In the United States, Nature's Way has exclusive distribution rights to Egb 761 and markets this product under the tradename Ginkgold (Anon, 1992).
Standardized ingredients of GBE
Common Name:Quercetin
CAS Registry Number:117-39-5
Chemical Abstracts Service Name:4H-1-Benzopyran-4-one, 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)- 3,5,7-trihydroxy-(9CI)
Structure, Molecular Formula and Molecular Weight
C15 H10 O7 Mol.wt.: 338.3
Common Name:kaempferol
CAS Registry Number:520-18-3
Chemical Abstracts Service Name:4H-1-Benzopyran-4-one, 3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(4- hydroxyphenyl)-(9CI)
Structure, Molecular Formula and MolecularWeight:
C15 H10 O6 Mol.wt.: 286.2
Common Name:Isorhamnetin
CAS Registry Number:480-19-3
Chemical Abstracts Service Name:4H-1-Benzopyran-4-one, 3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(4- hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-(9CI)
Structure, Molecular Formula and MolecularWeight:
C15 H12 O6Mol. wt.: ~314
Common Name:Ginkgolides (mixed); ginkgolide A; ginkgolide B
CAS Registry Number:15291-77-7; 15291-75-5; 15291-75-5
Chemical Abstracts Service Name:Not available
Structure, Molecular Formula and MolecularWeight
C20 H24 O10 (Ginkgolide B) Mol. wt.: 424.4 (Ginkgolide B)
| R1 | R2 | R3 | |
| Ginkgolide A | OH | H | H |
| Ginkgolide B | OH | OH | H |
| Ginkgolide C | OH | OH | OH |
| Ginkgolide J | OH | H | OH |
| Ginkgolide M | H | OH | OH |
Common Name:Bilobalide
CAS Registry Number:33570-04-6
Chemical Abstracts Service Name:4H,5aH,9H- Furo(2,3-b)furo(3',2':2,3)cyclopenta (1,2-c)furan-2,4,7 (3H,8H) -trione 9-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-10,10a-dihydro-8,9-dihydroxy-, (5aR-(3aS*,5aa,8b,8aS*,9a,10aa))-
(9CI)
Structure, Molecular Formula and MolecularWeight
C15H18O8Mol. wt.: 326.3
Reference:
1.What is Ginkgo Biloba? What is Ginkgo Biloba Extract or GBE?
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