Hawthorn Berry Extract.Hawthorn Leaf Extract.
Article Content:
- .Basic Botanical Info of Hawthorn.
- .Hawthorn Medicinal Uses.
- .Relieve chronic heart conditions.
- .Active Component and Structure.
- .Physiological Functions of Hawthorn.
- .Common Benefit of Hawthorn.
- .Dosage and Administration.
- .Hawthorn:Witches' Ointments.
- .Hawthorn:Research Update
- .How Search engine think about Hawthorn.
- .Research update of Hawthorn Fruit Extracts Hawthorn Leaves Extracts.
Active Component and Structure.
Major PhytoChemicals of Hawthorn Fruit:
Rutin,C27H30O16,0.008%~0.22%;Vitexin,C27H20O10,0.018%~0.31%;Hyperoside,C21H20O12,0.005%~0.320%;Ursolic Acid,C30H48O3,0.31%~0.56%.
Flavonoid:hyperoside,vitexin,vitexin rhamnoside,quercetin,kaempferol
Oligomericproanthocyanidin:leucoanthocyanins
Specialists are often needed to determine the identity of hawthorn species. Hawthorns cross-breed easily, forming a multitude of hybrids, and speciation seems to continue. Hawthorn thrives in brushwood and pastures. In southern Scandinavia it blooms in May.
The berries are eaten by birds during the winter, whereby the seeds are spread.
Major volatiles from hawthorn flowers:
The flowers are sweetly scented, but with a nauseous tone due to trimethylamine, also known from herring brine, and 3-pyridinecarboxaldehyde. Other odor determining volatiles are benzaldehyde, 4-methoxybenzaldehyde and methyl 4-methoxybenzoate (methyl anisate)
Other PhytoChemicals of Hawthorn Fruit:
Hawthorn Fruit also contains quercetin;epicatechin;eriodictyol-7,3-diglucoside;citric acid;citric acid methyl ester;Chlorogenic acid; oxalic acid;malic acid;oleanolic acid;palmitic acid; stearic acid; oleic acid; linolic acid; linolenic acid; succinic acid; amino acids such as aspartic acid; glutamic acid;leucine; lysine; alanine,etc; also contains n-ftidecane;beta-sitosterol; betulin; urs-12-ene-3beta,28-diol; daucosterol; bis-(5-formyl-furfurl)-ether.
Name:Citric acid
Systematic Name:1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-; Citric acid; Formula:C6H8O7.Molecular Weight:192.12
CAS Registry No.77-92-9
Note:Anticoagulants;Chelating agents:A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.
Chemical Composition and Pharmacology:
Flowers and leaves contain mixtures of chlorogenic acid and flavonoids such as quercin, hyperoside (quercetin 3-galactoside), vitexin and vitexin 4 rhamnoside. Chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid have some analgesic effects. Quercetin has multiple actions: antiarrhythmic, antihepatotoxic and inhibitor of cAMP-phosphodies. Other flavonoids identified in Crataegus species are luteolin, luteolin-3?7 diglucosides, apigenin, apegenin-7-O-glucoside and rutin.Luteolin is an effective smooth muscle relaxant and protects the heart lipids against doxorubicin-induced lipid peroxidation. In addition, luteolin 5-rutinoside has achieved a marked antidiabetic activity in streptozocin-induced diabetes. Apigenin and luteolin inhibit tumor formation. Luteolin decreases aromatase enzyme activity; apigenin showed inhibitory effect on TPA-mediated tumor promotion and is antimutagenic.
Hawthorn contains amygdalin; it has been tested in cancer, but provided no substantive benefits. In fact, several patients experienced symptoms of cyanide toxicity with amygdalin therapy. The other major constituents are triterpenoids, e.g., oleanolic acid, ursolic acid and crataegus acid. Ursolic acid induced apoptosis in human leukemia cells, perhaps triggered by enhanced intracellular Ca2+ levels. Lowering Ca2+ levels inhibited the apoptotic action of ursolic acid. The antiproliferative action of ursolic acid was also indicated in a mouse melanoma cell line.20 Oleanolic acid and ursolic acid also have anti-inflammatory and antihyperlipidemic properties. Oleanolic acid is marketed in China as an oral drug for human liver disorders.
Reference:
1.Hawthorn Berry Extract.Hawthorn Leaf Extract.
Statistics
Spectrum
FAQ
Of Herbs