As famous as ginseng in China, this herb helps strengthen the lungs, spleen and stomach. A twining and climbing herbaceous perennial native to China, codonopsis is sometimes known as 'Poor Man's Ginseng' or 'Bastard Ginseng', as it builds vital force and tones the blood.
Properties:Sweet in flavour,Sweet and neutral, neutral in property;acting on the spleenand lung channels.Invigorates the spleen.Replenishes the middle-jiao energy.Promotes the production of normal body fluids. Nourishes the blood.Promotes production of body fluid and blood circulation.
Codonopsis (Codonopsis pilosula) Also known in the Chinese herbal as Dang Shen, this plant is the perfect "vacation tonic" for when you can't even leave your desk. It is an adrenal restorative and rejuvenator, enhancing the Qi and providing an adaptagenic quality for the daily stresses of life. It is excellent as a tonic for the blood and the immune system and has antiinflammatory qualities as well.
Perennial Climber growing to 1.7m. It is hardy to zone 6 and is frost tender. It is in flower from June to August, and the seeds ripen from August to September. The flowers are hermaphrodite (have both male and female organs) and are pollinated by Insects. We rate it 3 out of 5 for usefulness.
The plant prefers light (sandy) and medium (loamy) soils and requires well-drained soil. The plant prefers acid and neutral soils. It can grow in semi-shade (light woodland) or no shade. It requires moist soil.
What is Pilose asiabell root:
This herb is theroot of Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf. (family Cam-panulaceae), the wild one being ha-bitually called wildTai dangshen, while the cultivated one Lu dangshen. The herb is chiefly produced in Shanxi, Saanxi, Gansu, and North-eastern China.It is dug in autumn, driedin the sun, and cutto segments for use.
Codonopsis pilosula (Dang Shen) Important Chinese medicinal herb similar in action to ginseng. Sweet tasting roots have been shown to boost red cell and hemoglobin counts in rabbits. Used as a tonic (in humans) in anemia, fatigue, shallow and strained breathing, poor appetite, dyspepsia, and diabetes. Unusual violet-streaked green bell-shaped flowers.
Property:Sweet in flavour,Sweet and neutral, neutral in property;acting on the spleenand lung channels.
Cultivation details
Prefers a well-drained fertile light soil in full sun or semi shade. Plants only succeed in full sun if the soil remains moist during the growing season. Prefers a slightly acid soil. Although quite cold-hardy when dormant, the young growth in spring, even on mature plants, is frost-tender and so it is best to grow the plants in a position sheltered from the early morning sun. A climbing plant, supporting itself by twining and scrambling over other plants. The plant resents root disturbance and should be planted out into its permanent position as soon as possible. It is best grown on a high bank in order to give a good view of the flowers. Plants are very susceptible to the ravages of slugs. The young shoots in spring are particularly at risk, though older growth is also eaten
Part Used & Method of Pharm. Preparation: The roots are dug in spring or autumn, but autumn herbs are of better quality. They are dried in the sun and cut into pieces.
As famous as ginseng in China, this herb helps strengthen the lungs, spleen and stomach. A twining and climbing herbaceous perennial native to China, codonopsis is sometimes known as 'Poor Man's Ginseng' or 'Bastard Ginseng', as it builds vital force and tones the blood. It is also nutritious, sweet and warming, containing high levels of immune-enhancing polysaccharides. Dang Shen roots are used for energy deficiency, strengthening the immune system, lowering blood pressure, helping lack of appetite and invigorating the spleen.
Costitution and Phytochemicals of Radix Codonopsis Pilosulae(Dangshen):
What is Pilose Asiabell Ploysaccharides:PAP?
PAP(Pilose Asiabell Ploysaccharides,or COP,CP,CSP) is a kind of Ploysaccharides composed from 4 kind of heterosaccharide,named as PAP1,PAP2,PAP3,PAP4(the four kind of heterosaccharide weigh as following: 10500,12000,14000,79000, the first 2 kind heterosaccharide with Beta glycosidic bond,and the the last 2 kind heterosaccharide with alpha glycosidic bond,PAP1 majorly composed of Glucose,Fructose,Galactose,Arabinose,Mannose and Xylose,Molefraction accordingly: 4.2:3.49:0.98:0.53:0.48; PAP2 majorly composed of Glucose,Galactose,Fructose,Arabinose,Mannose,Ribose and Xylose,Molefraction accordingly: 1.77;1:0.43:0.26:0.12:0.023:0.013; PAP3 majorly composed of Glucose,Fructose,Mannose,Galactose,Arabinose,Ribose and Xylose,Molefraction accordingly:5.94:4.43:1.07:1:0.72:0.20:0.13; PAP4 majorly composed of Glucose,Galactose,Arabinose,Rhamnose,Fructose,Mannose and Xylose,Molefraction accordingly: 1.5:1:0.6:0.46:0.29:0.13:0.06)
Effects in brief of Radix Codonopsis Pilosulae(Dangshen):
1. Invigorates the spleen.
2. Replenishes the middle-jiao energy.
3. Promotes the production of normal body fluids.
4. Nourishes the blood.
5. Promotes production of body fluid and blood circulation
Invigo-rating the spleen and replenishing qi, promoting the produc-tion of body fluid and nourishing the blood.
Recommended for: boosting immune system, similar to Ginseng,good for Spleen and lung.
Other Functions:Antistress,anti-radiation,boost immune system,improve memory,protect Gastric Mucosa,lower blood sugar.etc.
Indication : AIDS, Anaemia, Anorexia, Asthma, Bronchitis, Burns, Cancer, Chemotherapy Nausea, Diabetes, Digestive function, Diarrhea, Fatigue, Flatulence, Hepatitis, Hyperacidity, hypoglycaemia, Insomnia, Kidney Inflammation, Memory Loss, Poor Appetite, Respiratory function, Stress, Tachycardia, Wheezing
Medicinal Uses and Pharmacology:
Adaptogen; Appetizer; Digestive; Galactogogue; Sialagogue; Stomachic; Tonic.
Dang Shun is an important herb in Chinese medicine, it is a gentle tonic that increases energy levels and helps the body adapt to stress. The root contains saponins, triterpenes and steroids, it is similar in action to ginseng (Panax species), but it is milder and has a shorter-lasting effect. It is a sweet, warm, soothing herb that is taken as an energy tonic. It acts mainly on the spleen, lungs and stomach, raising secretion of body fluids and blood sugar levels, and stimulating the immune system. Research has shown that it increases haemoglobin and red blood cell levels and lowers the blood pressure. It also helps increase endurance to stress and promotes alertness. The root and the whole plant are adaptogen, appetizer, digestive, galactogogue, sialagogue, stomachic and tonic. It is taken internally in the treatment of low energy, poor appetite and digestion, anaemia, shallow breathing and debility after illness. It is often cooked with rice until it is glutinous and used as a tonic food. The dried root is decocted with other herbs and used to treat a wide range of ailments. The roots of plants at least three years old are harvested in the autumn and can be used fresh or dried.
Anti-stress effects:
Experiments on mice have confirmed that both wild and cultured Dang Shen can significantly extend the swimming time (P<0.01) and the survival time under the conditions of normal pressure and hypoxia (P<0.05), showing strong effects of resisting fatigue and tolerating hypoxia. Wild Dang Shen¡¯s effects are superior to those of cultured Dang Shen.A Dang Shen decoction and Dang Shen polysaccharides can also significantly extend the survival time of mice poisoned by potassium cyanide and resist chemical hypoxia. These decoctions can also prolong the survival time of mice under high temperatures and enhance their ability to resist high temperatures.
Anti-oxidation effects:
A Dang Shen water based extract can significantly reduce lipid peroxide (LPO) levels in the cerebral tissue in mice, and in the red blood cells of mice and rats. It can also significantly enhance superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the blood serum of adult rats.
Effects of reducing blood lipids:
Both alcohol and water extracts of Dang Shen can significantly reduce serum blood levels of cholesterol in rats with experimental hyperlipidemia. CSD at 2.5g/kg (with the reduction rate of 45.32%) is superior to atromid-S (with the reduction rate of 40.49%). They can also reduce serum triglycerides (TG) and enhance the ratio of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) to various degrees.
Effects on gastrointestinal motion:
Dang Shen decoctions can significantly enhance the propulsion rate in the small intestines of mice with third degree burns. The effect is dosage dependent. 0.1g/d can significantly enhance the propulsion rate in small intestine and 0.2g/d can make the propulsion rate reach a constant level, thus improving the motion of the intestine after being scalded.Decoctions of Dang Shen can significantly increase the blood flow and oxygen consumption in the small intestine of dogs as well as the oxygen consumption in isolated enteric mucosa.
Effects on cardiovascular system:
In an isolated rat heart model with damage due to ischemia and reperfusion, Dang Shen can enhance SOD activity in the cardiac muscles, reduce MDA levels, decrease the release of creatine kinase, which significantly improved contraction and diastolization of the cardiac muscle, and promote the flow of the coronary artery, stroke output, and heart rate. Dang Shen also has some protective effects against damage to LPO of the cardiac muscle tissue due to ischemia and re-perfusion, thereby improving heart function.
Effects on blood:
Extracts from processed Dang Shen products can extend prothrombin time (PT) and thrombin time (TT) in rabbit plasma, can prolong blood coagulation of mice, and can significantly inhibit platelet aggregation in rabbits induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP).The effects of Dang Shen extracts with different concentrations on rat cardiac muscle cell result in different inhibition levels of phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity in platelets, decreases in hydrolysis, and an increase in cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) level. As concentration increases, the inhibition rate on calmodulin (CaM) activity is enhanced.
Strengthening immunity:
A perfusion of a Dang Shen decoction or polysaccharides administered to mice can significantly increase the weight of the spleen and thymus and the total number of white blood cells and lymphocytes. It has a significant antagonistic effect on a hydrocortisone-induced reduction of the total white blood cells and the number of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood. It increases the positive percentage of a-ANAE of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood and carbon granular clearance of intravenous injection to mice, and significantly inhibits the delayed allergic reaction caused by dinitrochlorobenzene in mice.An intra-abdominal injection of a Dang Shen liquid administered to mice, it significantly strengthened the phagocytic function of macrophages with light blue and dark blue fluorescence and the phagocytic activity of macrophages with light blue-green and yellow fluorescence. Dang Shen has an effect on macrophage function in mice abdominal cavity.
Effects on central nervous system:
A Dang Shen water extract at 4g/kg and 8g/kg significantly shortened the latent period and significantly decreased error times of old mice in water maze experiments. It has been shown to improve learning and memory capacity of old mice.An intra-abdominal injection of Dang Shen polysaccharides at 102mg/kg and 204mg/kg can extend the latent period of convulsions caused by strychnine, reduce the body temperature of normal mice and rats with experimental fever, and inhibit the body-torsion reaction of mice induced by acetic acid.
Functionality and Application of Radix Codonopsis Pilosulae(Dangshen):
1.Radix Codonopsis Pilosulae(Dangshen) replenish qi
Radix Codonopsis Pilosulae(Dangshen) is often used as a tonic for the maintenance of general health, heart palpitations, asthma and persistent coughs. It is also used for mild chronic conditions. Recent research has established it as effective against many forms of heart diseases.
Deficient qi in the middle jiao (spleen and stomach) manifested as tired limbs. Pilose asiabell root (Dangshen) is used with White atractylodes rhizome (Baizhu) and Poria (Fuling).
Deficient qi in the lungs manifested as shortness of breath, cough, asthma, lassitude, dysphasia, low voice, shallow breathing and deficient, forceless pulse. Pilose asiabell root (Dangshen) is used with Astragalus root (Huangqi) and Schisandra fruit (Wuweizi).
2. The syndrome of deficiency of the spleen. For lassitudeand weakness, poor appetite and loose stool due to defi-ciency of the spleen-qi, and general debi-lity due to deficiencyof qi of various causes, it is often used with white atra-ctylodes rhizome,poria, liquorice, etc.The action of this herb is similar to that of ginseng, and can be used as a sub-stitute for ginseng for ordinary disease,but its effect of replenishing qi is weaker than ginseng,and so, for the im-pending collapse syndrome due to deficiency of qi, genseng is preferable.
3. Short breath,cough, dyspnea, weakand low voice due to deficiency of thelung-qi. It is oftenused with astragalusroot and schisandrafruit, as in Lung Invigorating Decoc-tion (BufeiTang).
4. For consumption of both qi and body fluid infebrile diseases with symptoms such as short breath and thirst, it can be used with ophiopogonroot and schisandrafruit.
5. For dizzinessor sallow complexionand edema due to blood deficiency, itcan be used with chinese angelica root,prepared rehmannia root, white peony rootand spatholobus stem. Besides,dangshencan be added to dia-phoretics and purga-tives in cases of affection of body superficies due to general weakness or constipation with deficiency of the vital-qi.
6.Radix Codonopsis Pilosulae(Dangshen) could increase production of white blood cell£¬good as anticancer medicine.
Safety and Administrations:
Dosage Suggestions:
Most practitioners recommend a codonopsis decoction between 3-9 grams depending on the condition being treated. Other conditions may require dosages as high as 30 grams per day.The raw herb is appropriate for promoting body fluid production to help nourish the blood. The processed herb is suitable for invigorating the spleen to benefit the lungs.
Decoction: 6 to15g is orally taken. The herb can be made into pills, powder, or paste.
5:1 concentrated extract: 1.2 to 3g/day.
Safety and Acute Toxicity: LD50 for intra-abdominal injection of Dang Shen polysaccharides is 2.06+-0.28g/kg.
Precautions: Patients with excess and heat syndromes should be prohibited from taking the drug. It is appropriate for the herb to be used alone for patients with body resistance weakened while pathogenic factors prevail.
Clinical Trials
Clinical and experimental study on codonopsis pilosula oral liquor in treating coronary heart disease with blood stasis:
The effects of Codonopsis pilosula on plasminogen activator (t-PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) in the plasma of 25 patients of coronary heart disease with blood stasis showed significant decrease in t-PA activity and platelet aggregation with no significant difference in t-PA and PAI.
The effects of Codonopsis pilosula oral liquor (CPOL) on tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) in the plasma of 25 patients of coronary heart disease with blood stasis were studied. It has been shown that those patients had a significant decrease in t-PA activity (P < 0.01) compared to healthy subjects. After 4 weeks of CPOL therapy, platelet aggregation significantly decreased (P < 0.05), there was no significant difference in t-PA and PAI. From the results shown above, it suggested that one of the effects of CPOL in influencing blood coagulation was its inhibition on platelet aggregation, but not through the elevating of fibrinolytic activity.
Clinical and experimental study on yi-gan-ning granule in treating chronic hepatitis B
This paper reports that 320 patients with chronic hepatitis B treated with YGNG (Astragalus membranaceus , Artemisia capillaris, Codonopsis pilosula) had results at the 6 months follow up showing that 60 of 62 patients receiving YGNG were in stabilized state.
This paper reports that 320 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) were treated with Yi-ganning Granule (YGNG) and the pharmacodynamics of YGNG in the animal study. As control, another 70 patients with CHB receiving oleanolic acid granule (OAG) were compared to 68 patients in YGNG group. YGNG is consisted of Astragalus membranaceus , Artemisia capillaris, Codonopsis pilosula, et al. Each patient has taken YGNG or OAG for 3 months. The result showed YGNG was effective on recovering the liver function and OAG had similar effect. The sero-negative conversion rates of HBsAg, HBeAg, HBcAb and positive conversion rate of HBeAb in the YGNG group were 33.1%, 40.5%, 10.5% and 15.5% respectively, which were much better than that in OAG group (P < 0.05-0.001). The result of 6 months follow up showed that 60 of 62 patients receiving YGNG were in stabilized state. The result in the animal study demonstrated that YGNG had significant protection from the liver damage caused by CCl4. YGNG could decrease serum ALT level and protect the liver function of carbohydrate, fat, protein metabolism and detoxication. YGNG could induce interferon in vivo and play an important role in seroconversion of negative DHBV-DNA and improvement of pathological morphology in viral hepatitis B.
Immunological and hematopoietic effect of Codonopsis pilosula on cancer patients during radiotherapy
Codonopsis pilosula was used as an adjuvant in 76 cancer patients during radiotherapy and its protective effect on hematopoietic and immunologic function was studied. Results: (1) No influence on Hb and WBC of the patients with radiotherapy. (2) It could reduce the immunosuppressive effect of radiotherapy on delayed hypersensitive reaction, the lymphocyte response to PHA and IL-2. (3) No difference between treated and control groups in most humoral immune indices such as IgG, IgA and C3, but had slight increase in IgM in treated patients, while significant decrease in control.
Treatment of operated late gastric carcinoma with prescription of strengthening the patient's resistance and dispelling the invading evil in combination with chemotherapy: follow-up study of 158 patients and experimental study in animals
158 cases of late gastric carcinoma (11 males and 47 females, age 30-70 years) were treated postoperatively with TCM prescriptions of strengthening the patient's resistance and dispelling the invading evil in combination with chemotherapy. The main ingredients were Radix Codonopsis Pilosulae, Radix Astragali seu Hedysari, Rhizoma Atractylodes, Herba Solani Hyrati, Herba Oldenlandiae and Herba Salviae. The prescription was individualized by adding or subtracting some herbs according to TCM syndrome diagnosis at the time of patient's visit. The decoction was given daily for a long time, three to four years or even longer. It was given alone or together with regimes of chemotherapy at random. The average survival rates at 3 and 5 years were 41.07% and 30.36% respectively. Seven patients have lived for more than 11 years. 10 years survival rate was 12.5%. The combination of Chinese medicine with chemotherapy was better than chemotherapy regime alone (single 5-Fu or CCNU+5-Fu, MMF). Immunological studies of the survivors revealed an enhancement of both humoral and cellular immunity especially the function of peripheral NK cells. The decoction had been given to mice bearing Ehrlich ascites tumor. The amount of ascitic fluid was reduced and its cancer cell count decreased besides a significant increase in over-all survival rate of the animals. It suggested that the above prescription might have an inhibitory or even killing effect on tumor cells. T cell immunity of the treated mice was also improved as seen among patients.
Preliminary study of traditional Chinese medicine treatment of minimal brain dysfunction: analysis of 100 cases
This paper reports the clinical treatment of 100 patients with minimal brain dysfunction (MBD), their age ranged from 7-14.2 years, and the average age was 10.5. Patients were divided into TCM and WM group randomly. The TCM group (80 cases) were treated with the therapy of subdueing hyperactivity of the Liver and invigorating the function of the Spleen by using: Bupleurum chinense, Scutellaria baicalensis, Astragalus membranaceus, Codonopsis pilosula, Ligustrum lucidum, Lophatherum gracile and thread of ivory. The WM group (20 cases) were treated with retalin 5-15 mg twice daily. One course of treatment lasted one month, and effects were evaluated after 1-3 courses of treatment. The results were as follows: In the TCM group, 23 cases were cured (clinical symptom and sign disappeared, 10 IQ units were raised in their intelligence, abnormal electroencephalogram was recovered and there was no recurrence during the first six months after recovery). 46 cases were improved (clinical symptom and sign markedly improved, 4 IQ units raised in intelligence and electroencephalogram improved), and 11 cases ineffective. The effective rate was 86.25%. In the WM group, 6 cases were cured, 12 cases improved and 2 cases ineffective, the clinical effective rate being 90.0%. There was no significant difference between the two groups in this study, but, the side-effects of the TCM group was less than the WM group, and the TCM group had more beneficial effects to improve intelligence, enuresis and the black of orbits. The study showed that the Verbal Scale in Wechsler Intelligence Scale for children is one of the indications of diagnosis and evaluating of the curative effect of MBD.
A clinical study on the treatment of acute upper digestive tract hemorrhage with wen-she decoction
This paper deals with the prospective clinical study on treatment of acute upper digestive tract hemorrhage with Wen-She decoction (WSD). An opened sequential controlled trial method of simple orientation quality reaction was adopted in this study. 7 cases were treated and all of them were cured. It was concluded that WSD was an excellent therapy to treat the middle or small amount hemorrhage of acute upper digestive tract. The effective rate of WSD of the stool OB (+) becoming (-) within 5 days was more than 95%. WSD consists of Codonopsis pilosulae, Atractylodes macrocephala, Poria cocos, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Zingiber officinale, Os sepiae Halloysitum rubrum and Astragalus membranaceus. It is effective in stopping bleeding by warming the Spleen and tonifying Qi.
Research Update:
Dangshen (Codonopsis pilosula) and Bai guo (Gingko biloba) enhance learning and memory.
To test (1) whether Gingko biloba (Bai guo) in combination with Codonopsis pilosula (Dangshen) or Gingko biloba (GB) alone could enhance memory acquisition and retention of normal human subjects, better than a placebo and (2) to investigate whether the overall health status can be affected by these supplements.
Design: double blind randomized placebo controlled trial design was used to determine the efficacy of these two products compared to placebo.
Participants and Setting: Sixty participants, aged 21- 60 years, who were either students or faculty of the Southern California University of Health Sciences.
Intervention: Each combination capsule was made up of 75mg of Codonopsis pilosula total glycosides and 40mg GB extract. Each GB capsule consisted of 40mg of Gingko biloba as an aqueous extract and. The placebo pill was similar in shape and color to that of the other two capsules. All the participants regardless of the group were instructed to take one pill twice a day with food.
Results: The between groups findings indicate that both products are better than placebo at producing improvements in acquisition and retention and overall health status. CONCLUSION: In our participant population, the combination product seems to be better than GB alone in improving the cognitive function and overall health.
The antioxidant effects of aqueous and organic extracts of Panax quinquefolium, Panax notoginseng, Codonopsis pilosula, Pseudostellaria heterophylla and Glehnia littoralis.
The roots of Panax quinquefolium, Panax notoginseng, Glehnia littoralis, Codonopsis pilosula and Pseudostellaria heterophylla were extracted with an aqueous extraction method and also with an organic extraction method. The aqueous extracts of Glehnia littoralis and Codonopsis pilosula were the most potent in inhibiting erythrocyte hemolysis. The aqueous extracts of Panax quinquefolium and Panax notoginseng had lower potencies while the aqueous extract of Pseudostellaria heterophylla and the organic extract of Panax quinquefolium were only weakly active. The organic extracts of Glehnia littoralis, Panax heterophylla and Panax quinquefolium were potent in inhibiting lipid peroxidation while the organic extracts of Codonopsis pilosula and Panax notoginseng had weaker potencies. The aqueous extracts possessed much lower potencies the corresponding organic extracts. However, the Glehnia littoralis extract was the most potent aqueous extract. The results suggest that Glehnia littoralis, Codonopsis pilosula, Panax notoginseng and Panax heterophylla are cheaper substitutes of Panax quinquefolium with regard to antioxidant activity.
Codonopsis pilosula (Franch) Nannf total alkaloids potentiate neurite outgrowth induced by nerve growth factor in PC12 cells.
To explore the effect of Codonopsis pilosula (Franch) Nannf total alkaloids on differentiation induced by nerve growth factor (NGF) in PC12 cells. RESULTS: Codonopsis alone did not exhibit neuritogenic activity, but caused a significant enhancement of NGF (2 microg/L)-induced neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells, and increased the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). CONCLUSION: Codonopsis enhanced the NGF-induced neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells by amplifying an up-stream step of the MAPK-dependent signaling pathway.
The effect of Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf. on gastric acid, serum gastrin and plasma somatostatin concentration in dogs
The results were obtained by oral administration of the decoction of Codonopsis pilosula in three different doses(10 g, 20 g, 40 g) to 5 dogs with Heidenhain pouch. No significant changes occurred in the acidity output of Heidenhain pouch and plasma somatostatin concentration out of the oral administration. A significant increase occurred in serum gastrin concentration 150 min after a dose of 10 g, 90 min and 150 min after doses of 20 g, and 30 min, 60 min, and 150 min after doses of 40 g.
Investigations on the protective action of Condonopsis pilosula (Dangshen) extract on experimentally-induced gastric ulcer in rats.
The action of Codonopsis pilosula extract in 5 animal models of gastric ulcer was investigated. It was found that codonopsis extract had higher efficacy on gastric ulcer induced by stress, acetic acid and sodium hydroxide and little significant effect on ulcers induced by pyloroligature and indomethacin. The codonopsis extract was also capable of reducing gastric acid pepsin secretion. It is possible that inhibition of gastrointestinal movement and propulsion is one of the mechanisms underlying the antiulcer action of codonopsis extract.
[Clinical and experimental study on codonopsis pilosula oral liquor in treating coronary heart disease with blood stasis]
The effects of Codonopsis pilosula oral liquor on tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) in the plasma of 25 patients of coronary heart disease with blood stasis were studied. After 4 weeks of codonopsis therapy, platelet aggregation significantly decreased, there was no significant difference in t-PA and PAI. From the results shown above, it suggested that one of the effects of codonopsis in influencing blood coagulation was its inhibition on platelet aggregation, but not through the elevating of fibrinolytic activity.
Immunological and hematopoietic effect of Codonopsis pilosula on cancer patients during radiotherapy
Codonopsis pilosula was used as an adjuvant in 76 cancer patients during radiotherapy and its protective effect on hematopoietic and immunologic function was studied. Results: (1) No influence on Hb and WBC of the patients with radiotherapy. (2) It could reduce the immunosuppressive effect of radiotherapy on delayed hypersensitive reaction, the lymphocyte response to PHA and IL-2. (3) No difference between treated and control groups in most humoral immune indices such as IgG, IgA and C3, but had slight increase in IgM in treated patients, while significant decrease in control.
[Macrological identification of Chinese drug dangshen (radix Codonopsis)]
Macrological characters of 17 reference crude drugs from Codonopsis and Campanumoea were observed. Identification of 110 samples collected from 18 provinces of China indicated that more than 70 percent of the commercial Dangshen is derived from Codonopsis pilosula.
[Protective effects of the pollen of Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf. on liver lesions at the ultrastructural level]
The experimental hepatic lesion of C57 mice was induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCI4), and the feeds containing pollen of Codonopsis pilosula were given to the animals. It was found by electronic microscopy that these pollens evidently reduced the hepatic steatosis, improved liver necrosis, suppressed the formation of the collagen fibrils in Disse's spaces and around central veinules. It was shown that the pollens of Codonopsis pilosula could counteract efficiently the liver lesion of mice induced by CCI4.
Differentiation of medicinal Codonopsis species from adulterants by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism.
DNA sequence analysis of rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) were exploited for their applications in differentiating medicinal species Codonopsis pilosula, C. tangshen, C. modesta, and C. nervosa var. macrantha, from two related adulterants Campanumoea javania and Platycodon grandiflorus. The data demonstrated that the rDNA ITSI and ITSII sequences of the four Codonopsis are highly homologous but not identical, and are significantly different from those of the two adulterants. The sequence difference allows effective and reliable differentiation of Codonopsis from the adulterants by PCR-RFLP.
Chemical components of Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf. var. volubilis (Nannf.) L.T. Shen
Ten compounds were isolated from Codono psis pilosula var. volubilis. Six of them were characterized as friedelin, taraxerol, alpha-spinasterol, alpha-spinasterol-beta-D-glucopyranoside, n-butyl-alpha-D-fructofuranoside and n-butyl-beta-D-fructopyranoside.
Determination of tangshenoside I in Codonopsis pilosula Nannf. by TLC-UV spectrophotometric method
A method of thin layer chromatographic separation and ultraviolet spectrophotometric determination of tangshenoside I in Codonopsis pilosula is described. A comparison of the contents in various samples is made. The contents of tangshenoside I in frosted sample have been found to be twice as much as in normal drug. The recovery of tangshenoside I is 99.92% and the coefficient of variation of eight samplings is 1.77%.
Scientific References:
1.What is Pilose asiabell root,Poor Man's Ginseng?
Claims & Warning:
Claims: Information this web site presented is meant for Nutritional Benefit and as an educational starting point only, for use in maintenance and promotion good health in cooperation with a common knowledge base reference...Furthermore,it based solely on the traditional and historic use or legend of a given herb from the garden of Adonis. Although every effort has been made to ensure its accurate, please note that some info may be outdated by more recent scientific developments......
Pharmakon Warning: The order of knowledge is not the transparent order of forms and ideas,as one might be tempted retrospectively to interpret it; it is the antidote....(Dissemination,Plato's Pharmacy,II.The Ingredients:Phantasms,Festivals,and Paints;138cf. Jacques Derrida.).
And as it happens,the technique of imitation,along with the production of the simulacrum,has always been in Plato's eyes manifestly magical,thaumaturgical:......and the same things appear bent and straight to those who view them in water and out,or concave and convex,owing to similar errors of vision about colors, and there is obviously every confusion of this sort in our souls.And so scene painting (skiagraphia) in its exploitation of this weakness of four nature falls nothing short of witchcraft (thaumatopoia), and so do jugglery and many other such contrivances.(Republic X,602c-d;cf.also 607c).
Screen Size 1024x768.]
[Scene Close]
MDidea Extracts Professional
Newly Developed Extracts Series:
Enjoy Daily Cartoons:
Serie No.:R019.Basic Data Sheet Download
.
seminal trace...Radix Codonopsis Pilosulae,Codonopsis Pilosula (Franch.) Nannf.,Codonopsis pilosulae,Pilose asiabell root Coconopsis Root, Asiabell, Pilose Asiabell,Dangshen,Pilose asiabell root, Codonopsis,Dang Shen ,ShangDang Ginseng,Yellow Ginseng,,Lion Head Ginseng,Inner Exlixir Grass,Cordonklokke,Codonopsis spp.,Moderate Asiabell Root...
Powder Description and Basic Data:
Cultivation details
1.Radix Codonopsis Pilosulae(Dangshen) replenish qi
Scientific References:
Claims & Warning:
