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Horse chestnut Aescin.Horse Chestnut Extract.

 Contents:

• Botanical Basic Data of Horse chestnut.Aesculus hippocastanum.
• Narrative Hisdtory of Horse chestnut.Aesculuc,Aesculus hippocastanum.
• Description of Horse chestnut.Aesculus hippocastanum..
• Active constituents and mechanism of aescin from horsechestnut.
• Historical and Scientifical use of Horse chestnut.
• Indications,Combinations and Dosage of Horse chestnut.
• Safety and Toxicity Study.
• Research Update:Horse chestnut and aescin.

 Safety and Toxicity Study.

Identification:Escin.
 Chemical Name: Escin.
 CAS No.6805-41-0.1394-90-7.Molecular Formula.C54-H84-O23. Molecular Weight:1101.38
 Synonyms:A-4700;Aescin;Aescusan;Amorphous aescin;Escina;Reparilu.

 Acute Toxicity:Escin.
 LD50-Lethal dose,50 percent kill.Oral.Rodent-rat.833 mg/kg. Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value.
 LD50-Lethal dose,50 percent kill.Intraperitoneal.Rodent-rat.10150 ug/kg.Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value.
 LD50-Lethal dose,50 percent kill.Subcutaneous.Rodent-rat.150 mg/kg.Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value.
 LD50-Lethal dose,50 percent kill.Oral.Rodent-mouse.165 mg/kg.Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value.
 LD50-Lethal dose,50 percent kill.Intraperitoneal.Rodent-mouse.6700 ug/kg.Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value.
 LD50-Lethal dose,50 percent kill.Intraperitoneal.Rodent-mouse.6700 ug/kg.Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value.
 LD50-Lethal dose,50 percent kill.Subcutaneous.Rodent-mouse.38590 ug/kg.Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value.
 Reference:KSRNAM Kiso to Rinsho.Clinical Report.V.1-1960-Volume(issue)/page/year:8,118,1974.

 LD50-Lethal dose,50 percent kill.Intravenous.Rodent-rat.1600 ug/kg.Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value.
 LD50-Lethal dose,50 percent kill.Intravenous.Rodent-mouse.2 mg/kg.Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value.
 Reference:BCFAAI Bollettino Chimico Farmaceutico.(Societa Editoriale Farmaceutica,Via Ausonio 12,20123 Milan,Italy)V.33-1894-Volume(issue)/page/year:115,272,1976.
 LD50-Lethal dose,50 percent kill.Intravenous.Rodent-rabbit.2500 mg/kg.
 Toxic effects:
 Liver.hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis),diffuse.
 Kidney,Ureter,Bladder.changes in tubules (including acute renal failure,acute tubular necrosis)
 Blood.other hemolysis with or without anemia.
 Reference:ARZNAD Arzneimittel-Forschung.Drug Research.(Editio Cantor Verlag,Postfach 1255,W-7960 Aulendorf,Fed.Rep.Ger.)V.1-1951-Volume(issue)/page/year:10,280,1960.

 Other Multiple Dose Toxicity Data:Escin.
 TDLo-Lowest published toxic dose.Oral.Rodent-rat.9600 mg/kg/32D-C. Toxic Effects:Related to Chronic Data-death.
 TDLo-Lowest published toxic dose.Oral.Rodent-mouse.3 gm/kg/30D-C.
 Toxic Effects:
 Nutritional and Gross Metabolic:changes in sodium.
 Biochemical: Enzyme inhibition,induction,or change in blood or tissue.
 Levels: transaminases.
 Related to Chronic Data:death.
 Reference:KSRNAM Kiso to Rinsho.Clinical Report.V.1-1960-Volume(issue)/page/year:9,1270,1975.

 TDLo-Lowest published toxic dose.Intravenous.Rodent-rabbit.33 mg/kg/30D-I.Toxic effects: Blood.changes in erythrocyte(RBC) count.
 Reference:ARZNAD Arzneimittel-Forschung.Drug Research.(Editio Cantor Verlag,Postfach 1255,W-7960 Aulendorf,Fed.Rep.Ger.)V.1-1951-Volume(issue)/page/year:10,280,1960.

 Reproductive Data:Escin.
 TDLo-Lowest published toxic dose.Oral.Rodent-mouse.36 mg/kg.Sex/Duration.female 7-16 day(s) after conception.
 Toxic Effects: Reproductive.Specific Development Abnormalities-musculoskeletal system.
 Reference: BLLIAX Bratislavske Lekarske Listy.(PNS-Ustredna Expedicia a Dovoz Tlace,Gottwaldovo nam.6,813 81 Bratislava,Czechoslovakia)V.1-1921-Volume(issue)/page/year:87,76,1987.

 TDLo-Lowest published toxic dose.Oral.Rodent-rabbit.325 mg/kg.female 6-18 day(s) after conception.
 Toxic Effects:Reproductive.Effects on Embryo or Fetus-extra-embryonic structures(e.g.,placenta,umbilical cord)
 TDLo-Lowest published toxic dose.Oral.Rodent-rabbit.81250 mg/kg.female 6-18 day(s) after conception.
 Toxic Effects:Reproductive.Specific Development Abnormalities-musculoskeletal system.
 Reference:KSRNAM Kiso to Rinsho.Clinical Report.V.1-1960-Volume(issue)/page/year:9,1227,1975.

 Reference:

 1.Horse chestnut Aescin.Horse Chestnut Extract.

last edit date:2nd,Mar.2010.

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