The finished product is a viscous, yellow-amber colored liquid that features a taste that is both bitter and acidic. (Practitioners of Chinese and Ayurvedic medicine consider both qualities to be part of the therapeutic process.) Pure vegetable glycerin is added to reduce the bitterness and acidity to a tolerable level and to reduce the possibility that incidental contact could cause irritation to the skin or mucous membranes.
....
Basic Instruction
Grapefruit.GSE.Function and Application of Grapefruit seed extract.
Botanical Basic Data of Grapefruit:Grapefruit Seeds
Grapefruit
Synonyms and Common names:"forbidden fruit" of Barbados
Parts used:grapefruit seeds(dried)
Grapefruit is actually a hybrid newcomer to the fruit realm. The word "citrus" is from the Greek "Kedromelon", and "paradisi" (the species name) means the fruit comes from "paradise". Grapefruit is believed to be native to Jamaica. It is sometimes confused with the " pomelo" (Citrus maxima), which is a larger, pear-shaped relative to Citrus paradisi The Grapefruit tree can grow to a height of 26 to 30 feet. Grapefruits are round, with a diameter of between 4 and 6 inches. Their thin skin may be either completely yellow or yellow with a pinkish hue. The pulp of the fruit may be yellow, pinkish, or reddish. It can be more or less sharp-tasting, acidic, sweet, and fragrant. Grapefruit is so named because it grows in grape-like clusters. The United States is the largest producer of grapefruit, accounting for over 40% of global production. Approximately 60% of the Grapefruit crop is used for the manufacture of juice and canned grapefruit, while the rest is sold fresh. Grapefruit Seed is high in vitamin C & potassium, is good natural source of folate, iron, calcium, and other minerals, is high in fiber & low in calories, and contains bioflavonoids and other plant chemicals that are known to protect against cancer & heart disease. Pink and red varieties of Grapefruit are high in beta carotene, a precursor of vitamin A. Grapefruit Seeds are well known as an anti-fungal agent in that their consumption kills many different types of parasites and assists the body in producing beneficial bacteria. A biologically active natural ingredient found in the seeds kills strep, staph, salmonella, e.coli, candida, herpes, influenza, parasites, fungi and traveler's diarrhea, and is used as an antibiotic, anti-fungal, anti-protozoan, antiviral, antiseptic and disinfectant. Primary known constituents include numerous polyphenolic compounds (quercetin, hesperidin, rutin, apigenin, campherol).
Origin and Distribution of Grapefruit and Grapefruit Seeds?:
The grapefruit was first described in 1750 by Griffith Hughes who called it the "forbidden fruit" of Barbados. In 1789, Patrick Browne reported it as growing in most parts of Jamaica and he referred to it as "forbidden fruit" or "smaller shaddock". In 1814, John Lunan, in Hortus Jamaicensis, mentions the "grapefruit" as a variety of the shaddock, but not as large; and, again, as "forbidden fruit", "a variety of the shaddock, but the fruit is much smaller, having a thin, tough, smooth, pale yellow rind". In 1824, DeTussac mentions the "forbidden fruit or smaller shaddock" of Jamaica as a variety of shaddock the size of an orange and borne in bunches. William C. Cooper, a citrus scientist (USDA, ARS, Orlando, Florida, to 1975), traveled widely observing all kinds of citrus fruits. In his book, In Search of the Golden Apple, he tells of the sweet orange and the grapefruit growing wild on several West Indian islands. He cites especially a fruit similar to grapefruit that is called chadique growing wild on the mountains of Haiti and marketed in Port-au-Prince. The leaves are like those of the grapefruit. He says that it was from the nearby Bahama Islands in 1823 that Count Odette Phillipe took grapefruit seeds to Safety Harbor near Tampa, Florida. When the seedlings fruited, their seeds were distributed around the neighborhood.
At first, the tree was grown only as a novelty in Florida and the fruit was little utilized. Even in Jamaica, the trees were often cut down. Mrs. Mary McDonald Carter of Eustis, Florida, was quoted in the Farm and Livestock Record, Jacksonville, in 1953, as relating that her father, John A. MacDonald, settled in Orange County in 1866. In 1870, he was attracted to a single grapefruit tree with clusters of lemon-colored fruits on the Drawdy property at Blackwater. He bought the entire crop of fruits, planted the seeds and established the first grapefruit nursery. The first grapefruit grove planted from this nursery by a man named Hill was sold in 1875 to George W. Bowen who developed it commercially. In 1881, MacDonald bought the Drawdy crop and once more raised seedlings for his nursery in Eustis. Early settlers began planting the tree and acquired a taste for the fruit. There was already a small demand in the North. New York imported 78,000 fruits from the West Indies in 1874. Florida started sending small shipments to markets in New York and Philadelphia between 1880 and 1885.
In 1898, Dr. David Fairchild was excited to learn of a grove of 2,000 grapefruit trees in the Kendall area south of Miami on the property of the Florida East Coast Railway. In 1904, he was amazed to see one tree in the door-yard of the Kennedy ranch in southern Texas where he thought the climate too cold for it. He was told that the tree had been frozen to the ground but had recovered. He predicted that a citrus industry could not be established in that region of the country. In 1928, he photographed the same tree, which had been killed back several times in the interim, but was again in fruit. By 1910, grapefruit had become an important commercial crop in the Rio Grande Valley and, to a lesser extent, in Arizona and desert valleys of California. By 1940, the United States was exporting close to 11,000,000 cases of grape-fruit juice and nearly one-half million cases of canned sections. Cultivation had reached commercial proportions in Jamaica and Trinidad and spread to Brazil, South America and Israel. In 1945/46, the United States (mainly Florida) produced a record of 2,285,000 tons of grapefruit. In 1967/68, this country accounted for 70% of the world crop despite a great decline in Texas production because of severe weather. Grapefruit was moving forward by leaps and bounds. Israel, in 1967, supplied only 11% of the world crop but, by 1970, her production had increased by 300%. In 1980, Florida exported just under 10 million boxes, making grapefruit this state's most valuable export crop. is the main importer and has, at times, suspended shipments to determine the safety of fungicide residues or because of discovery of larvae of the Caribbean fruit fly. Great care is taken to maintain this important trade. Other countries which had entered the grapefruit industry were Mexico, Argentina, Cyprus, Morocco and some areas of South America which raise grapefruit for local markets. In Central America, the grapefruit is not much favored because of its acidity.
In the late 1960's and early 1970's, Mexico was rapidly expanding its grapefruit plantings, especially in the states of Tamaulipas and Veracruz, to save its citrus industry in view of the decline in market value of oranges and tangerines brought on by over-production. Furthermore, there were great advantages in the lower costs of producing grapefruit without irrigation and with good biological control of pests. Now Mexico exports large quantities of grapefruit to the United States and lesser amounts to Canada. Puerto Rico formerly exported grapefruit to the United States but is no longer able to compete in the trade and has only remnants of former plantations. Cuba has planted 370,000 acres (150,000 ha) of citrus, mostly grapefruit with expectations of exporting to the Soviet Union and eastern European countries. The grapefruit is grown only in a small way in the Orient where the pummelo is cultivated. In recent years, the grapefruit has become established in India in hot regions where the sweet orange and the mandarin are prone to sunburn.
Grapefruit Extract: What is GSE?
Grapefruit Extract(GSE) is made by first converting grapefruit seeds and pulp into a very acidic liquid.
This liquid is loaded with polyphenolic compounds, including quercitin, helperidin, campherol glycoside, neohelperidin, naringin, apigenin, rutinoside, poncirin, etc. The polyphenols themselves are unstable but are chemically converted into more stable substances that belong to a diverse class of products called quaternary ammonium compounds.
Some quaternary compounds, benzethonium chloride and benzalkonium chloride, for example, are used industrially as antimicrobials, but are toxic to animal life. The B vitamin choline is also a quaternary compound, but is non-toxic and even essential for maintaining healthy neurological function and fat metabolism.
GSE features the best of both worlds: the quaternary compounds derived from grapefruit exhibit broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, while evidencing none of the toxic side-effects of chemically-derived quaternaries.
The finished product is a viscous, yellow-amber colored liquid that features a taste that is both bitter and acidic. (Practitioners of Chinese and Ayurvedic medicine consider both qualities to be part of the therapeutic process.) Pure vegetable glycerin is added to reduce the bitterness and acidity to a tolerable level and to reduce the possibility that incidental contact could cause irritation to the skin or mucous membranes.
Citrus paradisi (Rutaceae):Grapefruit is believed to be a crossing of pomelo, C. maxima, and bitter orange, C. aurantium ssp. amara.
The special grapefruit aroma is characterized by its 'bitter-green-woody' nuance. As with most citrus fruits, grapefruit peel oil is dominated by (+)-limonene, but the particular grapefruit character is due to the sesquiterpene ketone nootkatone. The distinctive topnote of grapefruit juice is owing to trace amounts of 1-p-menthene-8-thiol, one of the most powerful odorants known (odour detection threshold in water ~ 0.0001 ppb). New, milder, pink or red varieties of the grapefruit have become very popular.
Grapefruit seed extract (GSE) is promoted as a natural product that has reported antibacterial and antiviral properties. It is reported to be safe and effective to use internally and externally for a wide variety of conditions such as acne, allergies, athlete's foot, body odor, candida, colds, cold sores, gastrointestinal infections, gingivitis, impetigo, parasitic infection, sinusitis, sore throat and thrush. There is recent evidence that some commercial GSE samples are adulterated with synthetic preservatives and that these additives are solely responsible for the antimicrobial activity. Preservatives such as methyl 4-hydroxybezoate (methyl paraben), 2,4,4'-trichloro-2'-hydroxydiphenyl ether (triclosan) and benzethonium chloride have been identified in commercial GSE samples. In this paper we will report the characterization of a new adulterant in commercial GSE samples using HPLC, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI/MS), tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) and elemental analysis (by proton induced X-ray emission [PIXE] analysis).
Production and processing of Grapefruit Extract:
Grapefruit Extract Production:
1).Grapefruit pulp and seeds(the by-product of expeller-extracted grapefruit juice) is dried and ground into a fine powder.
2).The grapefruit powder is dissolved in purified water and distilled to remove the fiber and pectin.
3).This distilled slurry is spray dried at low temperatures forming a concentrated grapefruit bioflavonoid powder.
4).This concentrated powder is dissolved in vegetable glycerine and heated.
5).Food grade ammonium chloride and ascorbic acid are added,and this mixture is heated under pressure.
6).This material undergoes catalytic conversion using natural catalysts(including hydrochloric acid and natural enzymes.).
7).This slurry is cooled, filtered and treated with ultraviolet light.
The amount of Ammonium Chloride remaining in the final product is between 15% and 19%.
The amount of Ascorbic Acid remaining in the final product is between 25mg/g and 30mg/g.
There is no residue of hydrochloric acid in the final product.
Function and Application of Grapefruit seed extracts:
Grapefruit seed extracts to toothpaste may protect against viral and bacterial infections of the oral cavity, according to a report from New York City's Pace University.
The report was delivered at the 98th General Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology, held May 17-21, 1998, in Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Over-the-counter toothpastes and mouth rinses may kill bad breath and bacteria, but most are virtually harmless against viruses. In this study researcher Milton Schiffenbauer and colleagues \ added zinc, aloe, or grapefruit seed extract to mouthwashes, rinses, and toothpaste in an effort to prevent disease-causing microorganisms in the mouth.
Medical researchers have recently discovered that bacterial infections in the mouth may lead to blood clots that can bring on heart attacks and strokes. The article also noted that several studies conducted since 1989 suggest that people with periodontal disease also have an increased risk of heart disease and stroke.
For the past several years, scientists in Pace University's Biology Department have conducted research on oral microbiology and viruses. Their studies found that most of a variety of oral \ agents tested for their antiviral properties were not effective, and some even protected viruses under certain conditions.
Their research focused on two viruses(bacteriophages T1 and T7, which infect Excheria coli B) that attack bacteria. Extracts of zinc, aloe, and grapefruit were separately added to toothpaste and combined in test tubes with the viruses. The loss of phage titer, as a result of these natural additives, was observed for phage stored at room temperature(25 degrees C.), at refrigeration(4 degrees C.) and at subfreezing (-12 degrees C.) temperatures.
T1 and T7 were totally inactivated after 10 minutes exposure at room temperature to NutriBiotic brand grapefruit seed extract(undiluted and 10% dilution). An appreciable decrease in T1 titer, i.e. 85% loss, was also obtained with a crude extract of grapefruit peelings.
Zinc totally inactivated both phages. T1 inactivation occurred after 10 minutes mixing at room temperature, whereas T7 inactivation occurred after one day storage under refrigeration.
Tom's of Maine toothpaste had no antiviral effect on T1 or T7 and actually protected the phages from inactivation at sub-freezing terperatures. However, in the presence of 1% zinc, the toothpaste had a very significant antiviral effect on both phages; total inactivation occurred after one day storage under refrigeration.
Substantial inactivation of both phages was obtained with purified aloe vera after two days of storage(day one under refrigeration, day two at subfreezing temperature), i.e. 88% and 95% loss of titer for T1 and T7, respectively.
A crude extract of aloe, strained or unstrained, had little, if any, effect on the phages. Tom's of Maine mouthwash which contains purified aloe vera juice totally inactivated T1 and T7 after 10 minutes of mixing at room temperature. After 10 minutes of storage at room temperature, under refrigeration and in sub-freezing conditions, T1 and T7 viruses were virtually inactivated.
"This research serves as a model to investigate viral and bacterial infections of the oral cavity," Schiffenbauer said. "Pace researchers will expand their study to include other common forms of viruses that may weaken the gums and allow entry of harmful bacteria."
The corresponding author for this study is Milton Schiffenbauer, Pace University Biology Department, 1 Pace Plaza, New York, NY 10038.
Grapefruit extract is also effective in treating thrush, an oral infection of candida yeast. Thrush can be remarkably resistant to many therapies, but excellent results have been obtained with GSE.
Grapefruit Extract effective against anthrax:
No specific anthrax testing has been done, as far as we know. GSE is likely an effective treatment for anthrax, and possibly smallpox and other biological weapons, but we may never know for sure. GSE destroys bacillus subtilis, a spore that causes food spoilage and is a cousin of the anthrax spore, bacillus anthracis. Laboratory tests required only 2 ppm concentration to inhibit B. subtilis.
Serious efforts have been made for years to get the F.D.A. to evaluate GSE(E.P.A. has been petitioned also). Both agencies have consistently ignored the petitions. This is most unfortunate, as there are literally thousands of people who can testify to the effectiveness of GSE against dozens of harmful pathogens, including some very dangerous drug-resistant strains.
GSE damage intestinal flora?
The answer is a qualified no. Even though we don't have clinical studies to prove it, all the feedback from consumers, doctors, veterinarians and others is to the effect that GSE does not damage the beneficial bacteria in the digestive tract at normal doses. We are also highly in favor of supplementation with acidophilous and other so-called probiotics.
Can Germs Become Resistant to GSE as they can to antibiotics?
There is no evidence that any type of micro-organism has ever developed a resistance to Citricidal or Nutribiotic grapefruit extracts. In fact it is believed that such resistance is not possible because of GSE's mode of activity. Because GSE actually disrupts the cytoplasmic membrane, changes in genetic make-up in the pathogenic organism would be irrelevant. What is still not known is how GSE can be effective against viruses, inasmuch as a virus has no cell membrane of its own.
What about rumours of Chemicals in GSE?
Newsgroups and email groups have received postings to the effect that GSE contains Triclosan, Benzelthonium Chloride, or Methyl Paraben. The source of this type of report comes from both Germany(Here is the PubMed reference to the German Report) , where Citricidal is not approved for human consumption. A more recent attack on GSE can be found at this link. The reason is that Citricidal is very similar in molecular weight to both Benzelthonium Chloride and Triclosan, both of which are effective disinfectants, but are toxic to human and animal life. In Germany their test for BC, Triclosan, and M.Paraben comes up positive(which is more correctly called a "false positive") and in China, the same is happening for Triclosan. USDA found benzelthonium chloride in its 2001 test. Was this a simple error or a deliberate attempt to scare people away from Citricidal and Nutribiotic products?
Meanwhile, Citricidal has been tested for the presence of these toxins by independent labs, and has been proven clean. (Ex: Weston Gulf Coast Laboratories, Inc., University Park, IL, test completed in March of 1992. Tested for heavy metals, Cyanides, Pesticides and PCBs and Benzelkonium Chloride. Results: None Detected.) In fact, the accusations about triclosan(used in many dish and hand soaps in the US) became so frequent a few years ago, that Citricidal began specifically testing each batch of GSE for its absense, and providing a Certificate of Analysis to that effect.
The truth is, Citricidal is not only effective, it has been in use for many years. If these allegations had any validity, there certainly would be a history of complaints and judgements against the product, and it would have been removed from the market many years ago. Triclosan has recently been compared to "Agent Orange" in toxicity. The EPA rates triclosan as "highly toxic". The US FDA made inspections of the Nutribiotic manufacturing facility back in the 1990's and found no chemical preservatives; and the formula is the same today.
Such rumours are false, and are not a threat to those armed with accurate information. The test reports from Germany and the USDA are certainly bothersome, but they have produced "false positives", not accurate profiles. The vast body of evidence from many years of use by thousands of satisfied consumers, doctors, manufacturers, and veterinarians, speaks most loudly against such reports. (The German report, linked above, does suggest that some suppliers of "GSE" may, in fact, be fraudulent. But Citricidal and NutriBiotic GSE are both proven, safe, and effective products.)
Dosage,Safety and additional comments of GSE?
How long can I safely take grapefruit extract?
Grapefruit extract is not like pharmaceutical antibiotics where a set number of days treatment is specified. You can safely take GSE over a long period, if needed, without any worry of toxicity. We have reports of people taking GSE every day for years(as a preventative) without side-effects of any kind. Also, a long-standing parasite infection could take quite some time to overcome. Don't give up!
"I'm taking medication for high blood-pressure. Will GSE interfere?"
We have no reports of any drug interactions or contraindications of any kind. There is a danger in drinking fresh grapefruit juice or eating grapefruits when taking certain medications(consult your doctor). Grapefruit extract contains 0.1% or less of the compounds that increase absorption of certain medications. Consult your physician.
Why haven't I heard about grapefruit extract(GSE) before?
Most of our advertising is by word-of-mouth. Until the USFDA registration is approved, we cannot label the products as 'antimicrobial' or 'germicidal'. And consumers are overwhelmed with information from Drug companies and doctors who have little or no interest in botanical remedies. (BTW, We really appreciate hearing from you about your experiences with GSE.)
Is GSE made from the seeds and pulp of grapefruit?
Yes. Originally made from seeds only, it was discovered that a reasonable amount of the same active ingredient could be extracted from the pulp, also.
"How do I use the powder concentrate of GSE?"
For measuring accuracy in small doses, we recommend using the liquid concentrate. 1/16 teaspoon of powder concentrate is equivalent to 10-12 drops of Nutribiotic liquid(or 3-4 drops of Citricidal? professional strength), the recommended adult dose. So, generally speaking, just a small pinch at a time for various applications is plenty. This would be a handy way to add a little GSE to the washing machine, batch of potting soil, or wherever a dry preservative agent is needed. Our powdered extract is a very fine mesh powder that will mix well with any dry ingredients, including protein powders, corn starch, body powders, etc. The drying agent in Citricidal? Powder GSE is an inert, insoluble compound called silicon dioxide.
(Much of the powder concentrate being sold is going to manufacturers of encapsulated products, cosmetics makers, and those who are adding it to animal feed of various types.)
What is the 'shelf-life' of products containing grapefruit extract?
The oldest batch of extract still on hand is six years old, but it tests every bit as potent as a current batch. GSE is extremely stable. None of the NutriBiotic line(dental gel, cleansers, etc.) require a "best if used by..." date. The products will remain stable for an indefinite period, as long as they are not contaminated in some way.
Has GSE been tested?
Yes. View the partial list of labs that have tested GSE.Test results showing "Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations" and other stats are available upon request, and are now posted on the net. Most of our bulk-order customers have done their own lab testing to be sure of product potency and purity. In June 2002, 'The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine' published research conducted by John Heggers, PhD, at the University of Texas Med School. This preliminary research confirmed that GSE was effective in inhibiting the growth of 67 different pathogens at dilutions that were non-toxic. Dr. Heggers plans further research on GSE as a wound dressing, as he is also affiliated with the Shriner's Hospital Burn Center in Galveston, TX.
In 1996 the U.S. FDA inspected the manufacturing facility in California, USA, and found no reason to change anything we were doing, including packaging, labeling, and manufacturing. Citricidal was submitted for official registration with the FDA as a "food and cosmetic additive", but FDA did not review the petition for two solid years. That petition was thereby terminated, and application has been made to the US Environmental Protection Agency(EPA) for registration as a water treatment. In 2000, the FDA was again petitioned to register Citricidal, but there has been no response. Don't hold your breath...
Which diseases will it cure?
Citricidal has been tested and found effective in lab studies against hundreds of pathogens, but we cannot guarantee a cure for anything. And we're not claiming that GSE works for everyone, everytime. There are countless herbal, homeopathic, and allopathic remedies that may be indicated. Still, GSE continues to be the "swiss-army-knife" of both prevention and cure.
Precautions:
GSE has been shown to be non-toxic at levels many times greater than the recommended dosages. Even when taken daily, GSE seldom produces a significant allergic reaction. However, people who are allergic to citrus fruits should exercise caution in the use of GSE.
Citricidal, the brand name of a GSE product in the United States containing 60% grapefruit seed extract in an aqueous, vegetable glycerine solution, has, in the United States, been labeled as GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe) in the Code of Regulations. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved Citricidal? for cosmetic preparations. In addition, Citricidal? has also been approved by the FDA for the disinfection of foods.
Generally, GSE should never be used at full strength. GSE is extremely irritating to the eyes. If it gets into the eyes, a person should wash the eyes with large amounts of warm water and consult a physician, if necessary.
After an excessive ingestion of GSE, an individual should drink large amounts of water and take up to 3 tsp of psyllium husks (or up to 6 psyllium capsules). A doctor should be consulted, if necessary.
Side effectsSince GSE is quite acidic, if it is not properly diluted, it may further irritate already irritated tissues, such as a stomach or intestinal lining.
Interactions:Over 75 different combination herbal preparations containing GSE are available, based on the assumption of Chinese herbal medicine that combinations of substances are more beneficial than single remedies. In addition, the antimicrobial properties of GSE make it an excellent preservative, thus enabling the herbs it accompanies to retain their potency.
Safety and Toxicity of Grapefruit Seed Extract.:What are the risks to you in using grapefruit extract in your immune defense?
Acute oral toxicity: Lethal dose for fifty percent of tested organisms (LD50): greater than 5000 mg./kg of live weight.
Chronic toxicity: Lethal dose for fifty percent of tested organisms (LD50): 2500 mg/kg of live weight.(Acute oral with continuous feeding and reproduction study for 24 months.)
Acute Oral Toxicity: (Continuous feeding study with fishmeal for 12 mo's) LD50: 5000 mg/kg of live body weight(Adult rats, 12 months): LD50 400 mg/kg of live weight (newborn rats)
Carcinogencity: 12-month tests in mice show no carcinogenic effect. 24-month tests in rats show no carcinogenic effect.
Eye toxicity:Eye Irritation Irritation has been observed at concentrations between 0.5-2%. Slight corneal and iris injury has been seen at full strength. Full strength - severe irritation with slight corneal iris injury. 0.5%, 1%, and 2% concentrations produce irritation and moderate erythema.
Respiratory toxicity: No damage was seen with 8 hours daily for five days a week over a period of 90 days with a dose between 100-150 mg/m3 of air.
Skin toxicity:Dermal Toxicity Not a primary skin irritant and is non-corrosive. Two years of exposure caused no carcinogenic, toxic or system effects with dermal exposure. No irritation is seen with 1-2% concentration exposures. Allergic persons may experience mild irritation with 3% concentrations.
GRAS: Products contain grapefruit extract have been recognized under the category of "generally recognized as safe."
Long-term Inhalation Study: Closed chamber exposure for 8 hours a day, 5 days a week for 90 days - no effect at 100 - 150 mg/m3 air Dermal Toxicity Carcinogenicity 2 year studies with rats and mice. No carcinogenic, toxicity or systemic effects seen.
Human Patch Studies: 1% and 2% concentrations produced no irritation or sensitization. 3% concentration produced very mild irritation by allergic humans.
Safety and Toxicity of Naringin:
Chemical name: Naringin
CAS No.: 10236-47-2. Molecular Formula:C27-H32-O14. Molecular Weight:580.59
Synonmys: Naringenin-7-beta-neohesperidoside;Naringoside.
Acute toxicity(LD50):Naringin
LD50-Lethal dose,50 percent kill. Intraperitoneal.Rodent-rat.2 gm(2000 mgs)/kg.
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value.
LD50-Lethal dose,50 percent kill. Intraperitoneal.Rodent-guinea pig.2 gm(2000 mgs)/kg.
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value.
Reference:EKMMA8 Eksperimentalna Meditsina i Morfologiya.(Hemus,Blvd.Russki 6,Sofia,Bulgaria)V.1-1962-Volume(issue)/page/year:19,207,1980.
Grapefruit Extract Safety Summary:
Grapefruit seed extract has been extensively tested and proven safe and effective by many laboratories and research centers throughout the world.
Grapefruit seed extract has no inherent toxicity and exhibits no negative impact on beneficial intestinal bacteria. There are no known side effects or interactions. Grapefruit seed extract can be taken for long periods of time with no ill or toxic effects.
It is non-allergenic. Even people who are allergic to citrus have had no adverse reactions. This is largely due to its harmonizing effects to cope with body stress. Although about 3 to 5 per cent of all people are allergic to citrus fruit and could therefore also display a sensitive reaction to grapefruit seed extract. These people should start with a low dosage and perform a patch test to be sure.
Grapefruit seed extract can be used safely by most people. Even infants and the elderly, as well as those with compromised health. Pets and animals of all types and sizes can benefit greatly using grapefruit seed extract.
Grapefruit seed extract has been safely used worldwide for over 25 years by countless doctors, alternative health care practitioners and veterinarians.
Application of GSE in Pure Dish Wash?
This amazing compound is perhaps the ultimate. It has a multiplicity of uses and is non-toxic and non-irritating when diluted as directed. Products made with GSE may be substituted for more toxic household products available from grocery and drug stores. It was discovered when a doctor in Florida noticed that the grapefruit seeds in his compost pile did not decompose and wondered why.
GSE,which is extracted from grapefruit removes germs which are parasitic on sponge And dish cloth. It has excellent washing power and rich foam which lasts long enables You to wash much tableware. It is mild and safe to the skin containing natural Vegetable ingredients.
External Application of GSE:
Facial Cleanser:Moisten face with warm or cool water. Apply 2-3 drops of GSE to wet fingertips and gently massage facial area with circular motions. Rinse thoroughly and pat dry. A tingling sensation may occur but this is an indication of deep cleansing. Always dilute!
Skin Rinse:For minor skin irritations dilute GSE, 5-10 drops per tablespoonful of water, and apply to affected area twice daily. Excellent for acne.
Skin Spray:GSE plus tea tree oil with lemon. Can be used on minor cuts, burns, scrape and skin irritations.
Skin Ointment contains 2% GSE as well as lysine, vitamins A,C and E, tea tree oil, goldenseal, echinacea, bee propolis, RosA, honey, cajeput oil and calendula. It is useful for minor skin infections and herpes sores.
Nail Treatment:Using the same dilution of GSE (5-10 drops per tablespoonful,) apply twice daily in, around and under affected nails for as long as desired.
Scalp Treatment:Mix 5-10 drops of GSE into shampoo on hand or head and massage into scalp for at least two minutes. Rinse off thoroughly with water. It may also be used without shampoo.
Surgical skin washing:Tests show that GSE (at 100 PPM) was 100% effective in emergency field skin prepping verus 72% for alcohol. Also at this concentration it was found to be 100% effective in presurgical 1 minute scrubs versus 98% for commercially available surgical soap.
Household uses of GSE:
Toothbrush Cleaner.Stir 5-10 drops of GSE into a glass of water. Submerge toothbrush for 15 minutes (or leave in between uses). Rinse toothbrush before using. Change water and remix every few days.
Vegetable/Fruit or Meat/Poultry Wash. Sink washing - Add 30 drops of GSE to a sink full of cold water. Briefly soak any vegetables, fruit, meat or poultry. Spray washing - Add 20 or more drops of GSE to a 30 oz. pump sprayer filled with water. Spray on any vegetables, fruit, meat or poultry.
Dish and Utensil Cleaning Additive. Add 15-30 drops of GSE to sink dishwashing water or to final rinse. Add 15-30 drops to automatic dishwasher with detergent or to final rinse.
Cutting Board Cleaner. Apply 10-20 drops of GSE to cutting board and work into entire board with a wet sponge or dish cloth. Leave on for at least 30 minutes. Rinse with water.
All Purpose Cleaner. Add 30-60 drops of GSE to any 32 oz. pump sprayer filled with water or cleanser. Use on all surfaces around the house.
Function and Application of GSE in Slim Formula:
Grapefruit extracts could affect lymph gland, control the flow of the humoral liquid, also benefit for diuresis, used frequently in aroma therapeutics for cure fat disease and make slim, also could be used to stimulate the appetite,and easy unfit from spliting headache.
Some researchers from College of Pharmacy,University of Iowa, discover that certain content in grapefruit show good ability to inhibit GTE(gastrointestinal tract enzyme),and help body absorb medicines more smoothly.
New, artificial grapefruit odorants:
Recently, the grapefruit nuance has become popular in perfumery as a variation of the classical Eau de Cologne theme. Nootkatone, however, is rather expensive, and several compounds of similar character have been developed. A few examples are shown on the right. Methyl Pamplemousse is used at 8.5 % in the perfume Good Life.
Vertacetal:Coeur ,Floropal Methyl Pample-mousse,Amarocit Rhubofix
Frequently asked questions of GSE:
1. What is Grapefruit Seed Extract?
Grapefruit Seed Extract (GSE) is a broad spectrum antimicrobial compound synthesized in a unique process from the seeds and pulp of grapefruits. The final product is a combination of naturally occurring elements including bioflavonoids, amino acids, fatty acids, saccharides, phenolic compounds, tocopherols, ascorbic acid and dehydroascorbic acid.
2. What is the history of GSE?
GSE was discovered in 1976. Its commercial use soon began in the agricultural industry where it was used as a mold inhibitor and in the cosmetic industry as a preservative. It has been sold in health food stores and by health practitioners for almost a decade.
3.Doese GSE have other names?
It has several different names depending on the manufacturer. GSE has been sold under the name of "Standardized Extract of Grapefruit", "Grapefruit Extract", "Citrus Seed Extract", "Bioflavonoid Concentrate", as well as "Grapefruit Seed Extract".
4.In what forms can i find GSE?
GSE comes in two forms-liquid and powder. The liquid is more versatile and perhaps a little more effective, and since it has a bitter taste is usually added to fruit juice or herbal teas before being consumed. The powder is encapsulated, but if desired, can be opened and put into food or drink, and has an acceptable taste.
5. What is GSE used for?
GSE has a wide variety of uses. It has gained a reputation as being supportive for people with digestive upsets, flus, colds, and sore throats. It has been recommended by several leading medical doctors/authors for relief of symptoms associated with yeast imbalance. A wide array of topical applications also exist. It is recommended by nutritionists, chiropractors, acupuncturists, and other health practitioners as an effective alternative product in their practice.
6.What applications have developed for grapefruit extract?
Animal feed:Grapefruit extract acts as a mold inhibitor. Grapefruit extract acts as an anti-parasitic compound. It is effective between 100 ppm and 1000 ppm depending on the target organism ("bug").
Agriculturical:Grapefruit extract is reported to work as an effective bactericide. It has been applied in pre- and post harvet treatments. The dose range applied has been between 50-250 ppm.
Cosmetic and personal care:Grapefruit extract works as an antimicrobial in cosmetic and personal care products. The dose range applied has been between 1000-10,000 ppm. Grapefruit extract works as a cleaning agent in personal care products.
Food:Grapefruit extract can function as a preservative. Grapefruit extract has antioxidant properties. The dose range applied has been between 10-250 ppm.
Therapeutic:It has been used for a variety of therapeutic purposes. Refer to The Authoritative Guide to Grapefruit Seed Extract for more details.
Water treatment:Grapefruit extract can serve as a disinfectant for contaminated water. The dose range applied has been between 50-250 ppm.
External Use: GSE can be used externally as a disinfectant for both intact skin and to prevent infection in wounds. A study in Brazil found it to be 100% effective (at 100ppm) for skin disinfection when used as a pre-surgical prep compared to an effectiveness rate of 72% for alcohol and 98% for commercially available surgical soap.
Internal Use: GSE can also be used internally to treat chronic infections. It is often recommended at a rate of 3 times per day. Dosage should not exceed a total of 1500mg per day.
Nasal spray: Spray or use an eye-dropper to get several diluted drops into each nostril, and then swing the head quickly forward and down (so head is upside-down), forcing the liquid up into the nasal passages. Use up to six times per day.
Douche: GSE is added to one pint of water. Use twice a day as a douche for up to a week, in the treatment of yeast infections.
7.How does grapefruit extract work?
Amino acid uptake:Grapefruit extract interferes with amino acid uptake in microbes.
Cell membranes:Grapefruit extract produces disorganized cell membranes in microbes. Grapefruit extract causes leakage of small molecules out of the microbes.
8.Is Grapefruit Extract effective against anthrax?
This is no longer a "frequently-asked-question" with the anthrax scare well behind us for now. However, there is some exciting news: a study entitled "Combating Anthrax: The Anti-Infective Armamentorium" has been published in the Journal of Burns and Wounds in December, 2004. This study establishes that GSE is an effective topical treatment for anthrax. This Journal is also available online, at www.journalofburnsandwounds.com. The authors are J.P. Heggers, R. Goodheart, A. Chopra, and J. Peterson, associated with the Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, and Shriners Burn Hospital, Galveston, Texas. GSE also destroys bacillus subtilis, a spore that causes food spoilage and is a cousin of the anthrax spore, bacillus anthracis. Laboratory tests required only 2 ppm concentration to inhibit B. subtilis.
Serious efforts have been made for years to get the F.D.A. to register GSE(E.P.A. has been petitioned also). Both agencies have consistently ignored the petitions. This is most unfortunate, as there are literally thousands of people who can testify to the effectiveness of GSE against hundreds of harmful pathogens, including some very dangerous drug-resistant strains. It is certainly encouraging to see this current research published in a well-known, peer-reviewed journal of world-wide repute.
9.Does GSE damage intestinal flora?
The answer is a qualified no. Even though we don't have clinical studies to prove it, all the feedback from consumers, doctors, veterinarians and others is to the effect that GSE does not damage the beneficial bacteria in the digestive tract at normal doses. We are also highly in favor of supplementation with acidophilous and other so-called probiotics. .
10.Can Germs Become Resistant to GSE as they can to antibiotics?
There is no evidence that any type of micro-organism has ever developed a resistance to Citricidal or Nutribiotic grapefruit extracts. In fact it is believed that such resistance is not possible because of GSE's mode of activity. Because GSE actually disrupts the cytoplasmic membrane, changes in genetic make-up in the pathogenic organism would be irrelevant. What is still not known is how GSE can be effective against viruses, inasmuch as a virus has no cell membrane of its own.
11.How long can I safely take grapefruit extract?
Grapefruit extract is not like pharmaceutical antibiotics where a set number of days treatment is specified. You can safely take GSE over a long period, if needed, without any worry of toxicity. We have reports of people taking GSE every day for years(as a preventative) without side-effects of any kind. Also, a long-standing parasite infection could take quite some time to overcome. Don't give up!
12."I'm taking medication for high blood-pressure. Will GSE interfere?"
We have no reports of any drug interactions or contraindications of any kind. There is a danger in drinking fresh grapefruit juice or eating grapefruits when taking certain medications(consult your doctor). Grapefruit extract contains 0.1% or less of the compounds that increase absorption of certain medications. Consult your physician.
13.Is GSE made from the seeds and pulp of grapefruit?
Yes. Originally made from seeds only, it was discovered that a reasonable amount of the same active ingredient could be extracted from the pulp, also.
14."How do I use the powder concentrate of GSE?"
For measuring accuracy in small doses, we recommend using the liquid concentrate. 1/16 teaspoon of powder concentrate is equivalent to 10-12 drops of Nutribiotic liquid(or 3-4 drops of Citricidal? professional strength), the recommended adult dose. So, generally speaking, just a small pinch at a time for various applications is plenty. This would be a handy way to add a little GSE to the washing machine, batch of potting soil, or wherever a dry preservative agent is needed. Our powdered extract is a very fine mesh powder that will mix well with any dry ingredients, including protein powders, corn starch, body powders, etc. The drying agent in Citricidal? Powder GSE is an inert, insoluble compound called silicon dioxide. (Much of the powder concentrate being sold is going to manufacturers of encapsulated products, cosmetics makers, and those who are adding it to animal feed of various types.)
15.Is it safe for pregnant women? babies? children?
According to the Association of Poison Control Centers, the AMA Physician Reporting System, and the Journal of Emergency Medicine, there have been no reports that Citricidal in any form has ever harmed anyone. In fact, there are thousands of clinical and anecdotal reports that Nutribiotic and Citricidal GSE have helped many, including young and old, and enjoys a safety record going back more than thirty years. Perhaps the question should be asked, 'Is it safe to harbor pathogenic organisms?' or 'Is it safe to take antibiotics during pregnancy?' Of course, each one must weigh carefully the risk/benefit ratio of any treatment.
16.Which diseases will it cure?
Citricidal has been tested and found effective in lab studies against hundreds of pathogens, but we cannot guarantee a cure for anything. And we're not claiming that GSE works for everyone, everytime. There are countless herbal, homeopathic, and allopathic remedies that may be indicated. Still, GSE continues to be the "swiss-army-knife" of both prevention and cure.
Introduction of Naringin: Grapefruit's Fat Burning Accelerator
Naringin is a citrus flavanoid commonly found in grapefruit, and is responsible for grapefruit's distinctive bitter taste. Most of us have heard how it's important to be careful consuming grapefruit juice along with certain medications -- studies reveal that naringin interferes with some digestive enzymes which can affect the metabolism and breakdown of these drugs. This can in effect lead to an inadvertantly higher dose of the drug, which may pose the threat of adverse reactions in some cases.
However, naringin displays many other interesting properties, some of which make it suitable for inclusion into the ingredients list of many popular fat burners.
For one, there is some evidence that the effects and levels of caffeine can be extended when consumed with naringin. Since virtually 99% of the fat burners on the market contain caffeine (often derived from natural sources like Kola nut, Yerba mate, Green tea, and so on), and since caffeine does exhibit thermogenic (fat burning) properties, naringin is an obvious "no brainer" way to improve and extend its effects.
Naringin has also been shown to exhibit cholesterol-lowering effects,which is always a good thing for dieters. It's also an aldose reductase inhibitor,which means it may also have a role to play battling retinal disease in diabetics. While naringin may not be the most "sexy" ingredient in your favorite fat burner,it is a worthwhile one.
For more information about Naringin:Naringin and Grape Fruit Seed Extract.Fascinating Use and Applications!
Scientific References:
1.Grapefruit.GSE.Function and Application of Grapefruit seed extract.
Claims & Warning:
Claims: Information this web site presented is meant for Nutritional Benefit and as an educational starting point only, for use in maintenance and promotion good health in cooperation with a common knowledge base reference...Furthermore,it based solely on the traditional and historic use or legend of a given herb from the garden of Adonis. Although every effort has been made to ensure its accurate, please note that some info may be outdated by more recent scientific developments......
Pharmakon Warning: The order of knowledge is not the transparent order of forms and ideas,as one might be tempted retrospectively to interpret it; it is the antidote....(Dissemination,Plato's Pharmacy,II.The Ingredients:Phantasms,Festivals,and Paints;138cf. Jacques Derrida.).
And as it happens,the technique of imitation,along with the production of the simulacrum,has always been in Plato's eyes manifestly magical,thaumaturgical:......and the same things appear bent and straight to those who view them in water and out,or concave and convex,owing to similar errors of vision about colors, and there is obviously every confusion of this sort in our souls.And so scene painting (skiagraphia) in its exploitation of this weakness of four nature falls nothing short of witchcraft (thaumatopoia), and so do jugglery and many other such contrivances.(Republic X,602c-d;cf.also 607c).
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MDidea Extracts Professional
Newly Developed Extracts Series:
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Serie No.:R011.Basic Data Sheet Download
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seminal trace...Grapefruit Extract.Grapefruit Seed Extract.CAS.NO.090045-43-5.GSE.Ethanol extract 10:1;Water extract 8:1;Citrus paradisi seed extract; Extract of grapefruit seed;Grapefruit peel extract;Citrus paradisi peel extract;Citrus decumana extract....
Botanical Basic Data of Grapefruit:Grapefruit Seeds
Scientific References:
Claims & Warning:
