Celery Seed is the dried fruit of Apium graviolens, a biennial in the parsley family. This is the same genus and species used for growing table celery, although there are particular varieties that are used for the vegetable. The seeds are very small (about 1/16th of an inch), ovoid and light brown.
Constituents of Celery Seed (Apium Graveolens): 1.5-3% volatile oil (containing the terpenes limonene and b-selinene, and phthalides); coumarins (seselin, osthenol, apigravin, celerin, umbelliferone); furanocoumarins (including bergapten), flavonoids (apigenin, apiin), phenolic compounds, choline, ascorbate, fixed oil, fatty acids and unidentified alkaloids.
Historical Application:Celery seed has historically been reputed as a folk medicine for treating flatulence and indigestion, also as a diuretic, antispasmodic, and aphrodisiac.
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Basic Instruction
Celery Seed.Apium Graveolens Application and Pharmacology.
Botanical Basic Data of Celery Seed:Apium Graveolens
Botanical Basic Data of Celery Seed (Apium Graveolens)
Botanical Souce:Apium graveolens (L)
Part Used:Celery Seed (Apium Graveolens),Seed and Root, dried ripe fruit, aerial parts
Synonyms and Common names:Apii fructus, celery fruit, celery seed, smallage,Garden Celery, Wild celery,Smallage,Marsh Water Parsley
Celery, Apium graveolens L., is an annual or biennial member of the family Apiaceae native to Eurasia, occurring in wild habitats in saline soils near coastal regions. Celery seed (actually a fruit) possesses a warm, aromatic, pungent flavor and is used as a condiment in food products. The essential oil distilled from the seeds is also used as a food flavoring. Long cultivated as a garden vegetable in temperate climates, A. graveolens var. dulce (Mill.) Pers., with thickened, closely overlapping, ribbed petioles, is the familiar celery of grocery store produce sections. Another variety, A. graveolens var. rapaceium (Mill.), known as celeriac, has a greatly swollen taproot available as a specialty vegetable in the United States and as a staple in Europe.
Historical Application:Celery seed has historically been reputed as a folk medicine for treating flatulence and indigestion, also as a diuretic, antispasmodic, and aphrodisiac. Primary uses included treatment of asthma, bronchitis, and rheumatism.
Habitat and Cultivation:Native to Britain and other European countries, celery is often found growing wild along the English and Welsh coasts, and in marshlands. Widely grown as a vegetable, cultivated celery is less fragrant than the wild variety. Celery is propagated from seed in spring and harvested from midsummer to autumn.
Celery Seed (Apium graveolens) Celery seed is one of the lesser-known herbs in Western herbal medicine. However, it has been used for thousands of years in other parts of the world for a variety of reasons. During ancient times, Ayurvedic physicians (vaidyas) used celery seed to treat people with colds, flu, water retention, poor digestion, various types of arthritis, and certain ailments of the liver and spleen. The diuretic action combined with the presence of anti-bacterial compounds in celery seed also make it useful in treating urinary tract infections. Laboratory studies have found that compounds in celery seed and its essential oil may also help reduce muscle spasms, calm the nerves, and reduce inflammation. In fact, some experts claim that celery seed alleviates the pain associated with certain inflammatory health conditions such as arthritis and gout.
Apium is a strong-smelling, slender, erect biennial herb, up to 60cm tall, indigenous to Europe, the US, Asia and Africa in coastal areas, and extensively cultivated in the temperate regions of Europe and North America. It has shiny pinnate leaves and large toothed leaflets, the upper trifoliate and unstalked. The flowers are white, in four to twelve simple umbels in a compound umbel which is often opposite a leaf; there are no upper or lower bracts. The petals are small and entire with a small inflected point, and the fruits are very small and slightly compressed laterally. The flowering period is from June to August. There are several cultivated varieties which emphasise the size of the ribbed stem, and all varieties have medicinal properties.
Chinese = Qincai or Han-ch'in, French = Ache, German = Sellerie, Spanish = Apio, Italian = Sedano
Part Used:Seed and Root, dried ripe fruit, aerial parts.
Archeology and History Application of Celery.
Where the Celery come from and how our civil ancestors use celery???
Celery (Apium graveolens) is a member of the Apiaceae (Parsley) Family and a relative of dill and carrots. The genus name, is derived from the Latin, apis, meaning bee, as bees are attracted to its small white flowers. The species name gravelones,means "heavy scented." Our English word celery is from the Latin celer, meaing swift, as celery is considered a fast acting remedy. It is believed to native to the Mediterranean region, Ancient Greeks crowned their athletes with celery leaves to honor them. In the seventieth century celery was hybridized to be less bitter.
Cultivated forms of celery all descend from the wild type, Apium graveolens, growing in saline areas near the coastline in Europe and western Asia. Celery, A. g. var. dulce has long, thick and crispy stalks. Celery root, or celeriac, A. g. var. rapaceum, has a swollen, beet-like root with a mild taste. Celery seed oil is produced in France, India and California. It is used chiefly for flavoring foods, vegetable juices, etc., although small quantities are also used in perfumery.
Celery is one of the oldest vegetables ever used in recorded history. The ancient Egyptians were known to gather wild celery from marshy seaside areas for food. Celery is a plant of many uses and little waste; the leaves and dried seeds make good seasoning; the outer ribs are best cooked and the inner ribs may be consumed raw because they are good for the heart.
The variety most commonly available is the light-green to medium green Pascal celery. Stalks are firm and solid with a maximum of green leaves. They usually have a glossy surface and snap easily. As a member of the distinguished parsley family, it enjoys some of the same reputable medical claims often attributed to the former herb. The ancient Greeks on the Isthmus of Corinth around 450 B.C. regularly crowned their winning athletes with crowns of celery stems and leaves.
The seeds and the stalks or celery both contain a sedative compound called "phthalide" (the "ph" is silent). In mainland China, celery juice was useful in reducing hypertension in 14 out of 16 patients. The juice was mixed with equal amounts of honey and about 8 tsps. were taken orally three times each day for up to a week. Make your own celery juice at home with a juicer or buy it fresh from a health food store. Mix equal parts of it and carrot juice together and drink an 8 oz. glass once a day to help strengthen frayed nerves.
Smallage Potion:
Also known as lovage, smallage is a culinary herb used as part of a potion by the witch Goody Cloyse in Nathaniel Hawthorne's "Young Goodman Brown." Also in this flying potion were cinque-foil, wolf's-bane, fine wheat, and the fat of a new born babe.
Until the 19th century the essential oils was recommended as a cure for rheumatism.
It is believed to be a tonic for asthma and herbalists use it to treat liver diseases, bronchitis, fever and flatulence. It is also recommended as a diuretic, tranquilizer, sedative and menstruation promoter and as treatment for gout, arthritis, obesity, anxiety and lack of appetite.Celery seed tea is said to promote rest and sleep.
It is good for nervous disorders and enjoys aphrodisiac qualities.India's traditional Ayurvedic physicians have prescribed celery seed as a diuretic and as a treatment for colds, flu, indigestion, arthritis and diseases of the liver and spleen
General Description of of Celery Seed (Apium Graveolens).:
Celery Seed is the dried fruit of Apium graviolens, a biennial in the parsley family. This is the same genus and species used for growing table celery, although there are particular varieties that are used for the vegetable. The seeds are very small (about 1/16th of an inch), ovoid and light brown.
Taste and Aroma: Celery Seed tastes similar to table celery, with its warm, slightly bitter, aromatic flavor.
History Region and Origin of Celery Seed:
Celery Seed and table celery are grown from a domesticated variety of a wild plant known as "smallage." Smallage was grown by Greeks and Romans for medicinal qualities. It was associated with funerals and bad luck.
Collection: The seed is collected when ripe in September, the herb at any time during the growing season.
Overview: Celery seed is one of the lesser-known herbs in Western herbal medicine. However, it has been used for thousands of years in other parts of the world for a variety of reasons. During ancient times, Ayurvedic physicians (vaidyas) used celery seed to treat people with colds, flu, water retention, poor digestion, various types of arthritis, and certain ailments of the liver and spleen.
Today, celery seed is used primarily as a diuretic to promote the excretion of urine. The diuretic action combined with the presence of anti-bacterial compounds in celery seed also make it useful in treating urinary tract infections. Laboratory studies have found that compounds in celery seed and its essential oil may also help reduce muscle spasms, calm the nerves, and reduce inflammation. In fact, some experts claim that celery seed alleviates the pain associated with certain inflammatory health conditions such as arthritis and gout.
In addition, a few animal studies suggest that celery seed extracts may have activity to help lower blood pressure and cholesterol as well as protect the liver from damaging agents such as acetominophen (also called paracetamol; an over the counter medication for pain and headache that can cause liver damage if taken in large quantities.)
None of these claims, however, have not been studied in people to date or backed by rigorous scientific studies. So, further research is needed to determine the safety and effectiveness of celery seed for the conditions described.
Preliminary animal studies have also found that celery seed helps prevent the formation of cancerous tumors in mice. In a study that included large numbers of people with and without colorectal cancer, researchers found that people who consumed a diet rich in lutein (from celery, spinach, broccoli, lettuce, tomatoes, oranges, carrots, and greens) were significantly less likely to develop colorectal cancer. It is not clear, however, whether celery alone played an important role in the prevention of this disease and how the information about these whole foods relates to the extracts and isolates of celery seed.
Celery is considered blood purifying, diuretic, and tonic. It has traditionally been used as a remedy to treat acne, arthritis, asthma, canker sores, constipation, diabetes, edema, eye inflammation, gall stones, gout, headache, hypertension, insomnia, cracking joints, nervousness, obesity, pyorrhea, rheumatism, burning and blood in the urine, urethritis, and to speed the healing of wounds.
Property,Nutrients and Constituents of Celery Seed.Apium Graveolens.:
Properties: Alterative, Antiseptic, Carminative, Diuretic, Emmenagogue, Hypotensive, Nervine, Purgative (mild), , Sedative, Stimulant (uterine), Stomach
Primary Nutrients: Calcium, Iron, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Sodium, Sulfur, Vitamins A, B and C
Constituents of Celery Seed.Apium Graveolens.:
The characteristic celery flavour is mainly caused by the two lactones 3-butylphthalide and 3-butyl-4,5-dihydrophthalide (sedanenolide) 1.5-3% volatile oil (containing the terpenes limonene and b-selinene, and phthalides); coumarins (seselin, osthenol, apigravin, celerin, umbelliferone); furanocoumarins (including bergapten), flavonoids (apigenin, apiin), phenolic compounds, choline, ascorbate, fixed oil, fatty acids and unidentified alkaloids.
alpha-linolenic-acid;beta-eudesmol;boron;calcium;chlorophyll;coumarins;flavonoids;iron;isoimperatorin;isoquercitrin;limonene;linoleic acid;magnesium;p-cymene;phosphorus;potash;potassium;guaiacol;silicon;sodium;sulphur;terpinene-4-ol;3-N-butyl-phthalide;umbelliferone;Vitamin A;Vitamin C;Vitamin B;volatile oils, including apiol;zinc The chemistry of celery seed and its essential oil, in particular, have been extensively studied. The essential oil contains deltalimonene, selinene, various sesquiterpene alcohols, and the characteristic flavor principles of celery, phthalides, primarily 3-n-butylphthalide, and sedanenolide. The seed also contains a fixed oil with ubiquitous fatty acids, including petroselinic, oleic, linoleic, myristic, palmitic, and stearic acids. Various pharmacological activities attributed to the seed or essential oil include antispasmodic, mild sedative, and anti-inflammatory activity, among others.
Celery is rich in beta-carotene, folic acid, vitamin C, calcium, magnesium, potassium, silica, sodium, chlorophyll, and fiber. It is about 95% water. After exercise, celery juice helps replace lost electrolytes. Use only moderate doses during pregnancy as it can promote menses
Celery is cool in energy and its flavor is sweet and bitter. It is considered one of the most alkaline of foods. It has a special affinity for the stomach, kidneys, and liver and helps to neutralize acids in the body. Celery helps dry damp conditions in the body, including excess phlegm and yeast overgrowth. It is also used to cool and detoxify the liver. Chewing celery exercises the teeth and gums. It can also be eaten to calm a sensation of heat in the stomach. The seeds and stalks contain a calming compound called phthalide. Celery also contains coumarins, which are compounds believed beneficial in cancer prevention.
Actions and indications of Celery Seed (Apium Graveolens) : mild diuretic, mild spasmolytic, carminative, anti-inflammatory, antirheumatic, sedative, hypotensive, urinary antiseptic, reputed aphrodisiac.
Indications: rheumatism, arthritis, gout, inflammation of the urinary tract. Specifically indicated in rheumatoid arthritis.
Celery Seeds find their main use in the treatment of rheumatism, arthritis and gout. They are especially useful in rheumatoid arthritis where there is an associated mental depression. Their diuretic action is obviously involved in rheumatic conditions, but Celery Seeds are also used as a urinary antiseptic, largely because of the volatile oil apiol.
Note on Celery Chemicals:
The various celery varieties contain a number of potent chemicals, characteristic of any plant in the family Apiaceae (Umbelliferae). Almost all of the "umbells" contain very caustic secondary plant metabolites that function as insect- or herbivore-repellant defensive compounds to protect the plant. For instance, in celery, the furo-coumarine bergaptene is a potent photosensitizer and may cause photo-dermatitis (skin irritation by light) in field workers.
Application and uses of Celery Seed (Apium Graveolens).:
Celery is also known by the names Smallage and Marsh Water Parsley. Celery is a widely cultivated, biennial plant which also grows wild in salty soils of North and South America, Europe, and Africa. Celery has been widely used as both a food and a medication since the Middle Ages. Medicinal preparations began to emerge in the late 19th century and these generally contained the juice of crushed celery seeds. Today, Celery Seed is used therapeutically due to the presence of constituents in the volatile oil component of the seed. Celery Seed is most often taken to aid in the maintenance of healthy joints. It is suitable for anyone who wishes to reduce the degeneration of body joints that commonly occurs with age. Celery Seed can also ease joint discomfort that occurs due to inflammation and is, in fact, mainly used for the relief of symptoms of such conditions as arthritis, rheumatism and gout. Celery Seed has an antiseptic property that makes it useful to the health of the urinary tract and a diuretic property to help relieve fluid retention - Celery Seed aids in the elimination of uric acid. These properties can prove useful in cases of bladder disorders, cystitis and kidney disorders. Celery also promotes the onset of menstruation. Celery Seed can help soothe the nerves and relieve pain. Consuming Celery Seed in food also aids in the digestion of protein.
Common Uses of Celery:
Primary Uses:Arthritis, Back Pain (lower), Nervousness, Rheumatism
Secondary Uses:Bright's Disease, Catarrh/post-nasal, Edema, Gout, Headaches, Insomnia, Liver Disorders, Vomiting, Urine retention
Ancient herb-Records show that celery has been cultivated for at least 3,000 years, notably in pharaonic Egypt, and it was known in China in the 5th century BC. Throughout history, celery has been used as a food, and at various times both the whole plant and the seeds have been taken medicinally.
Cleansing properties-Today, the seeds are used for treating rheumatic conditions and gout. They help the kidneys dispose of urates and other unwanted waste products, as well as working to reduce acidity in the body as a whole. The celery seeds are useful in arthritis, helping to detoxify the body and improve the circulation of blood to the muscles and joints.
Diuretic-Celery seeds have a mildly diuretic and significantly antiseptic action. They are an effective treatment for cystitis, helping to disinfect the bladder and urinary tubules.
Nutritious drink-Celery and organic carrot juice make a nutritious, cleansing drink that is good for many chronic illnesses.
Other uses-Glue ear.Celery seeds are beneficial for chest problems such as asthma and bronchitis, and, when used in combination with other herbs, help to reduce blood pressure.
Anti-bacterial,an agent that destroys bacteria; bactericide.
Anti-rheumatic,eases symptoms of rheumatism.
Antiseptic,an agent for inhibiting the growth of microorganism on living tissue or destroying pathogenic or putrefactive bacteria.
Aphrodisiac,an agent for arousing or increasing sexual desire or potency.
Appetizer,an agent that excites the appetite.
Calminative,an agent that has a mild sedative or tranquilizing effect.
Crminative,an agent for easing griping pains, colic and expelling gas from the intestines.
Diuretic,an agent that increases the volume and flow of urine which cleanses the urinary system.
Emmenagogue,an agent that promotes menstrual flow.
Hypotensive,lowers blood pressure.
Nervine,an agent that has a calming or soothing effect on the nerves, any agent that acts on the nervous system to restore the nerves to their natural state.
Sedative,a soothing agent that reduces nervousness, distress or irritation.
Stimulant,an agent that excites or quickens the functional activity of the tissues giving more energy.
Tonic,an agent that tones, strengthens and invigorates organs or the entire organism giving a feeling of well-being.
Celery Seed can help regulate blood pressure
Acts as a remedy to help rheumatoid or arthritic problems
Celery Seed can help improve digestion
Celery Seed can help improve the efficiency of the kidney function
Celery Seed is useful in treating gout
Celery Seed helps to reduce and combat infections of the bladder
Celery seed has been used to improve digestion and liver functions. The organic sodium found in celery can help the stomach and joints.
Celery seed is often used as a diuretic to alleviate water retention.
Celery seed has a stimulating effect on the kidneys to promote urine flow.
Celery seed also promotes perspiration which may help with weight loss when water retention is a problem.
Celery seed has blood pressure lowering abilities.
Celery seed has been found to help regulate nervous system by producing a calming effect.
Celery seed helps in diseases of chemical imbalance and acts as an antioxidant.
Both stems and seeds of celery have been reported to help balance acidity in the body (gout).
Celery seed stimulates sex drive and is helpful for the relief of headaches.
Celery is a sedative, yet it has a stimulating effect on the kidneys and will produce an increase flow of urine.
Celery Seed Extract cure arthritic problems
Celery Seed Extract may help to improve digestion Can help improve the efficiency of the kidney function,Is useful in treating gout,Can help to combat infections of the bladder,suggestive dosage:Celery Seed 200mg
Celery is also known by the names Smallage and Marsh Water Parsley.
History Uses of Celery Seed:
Celery or as the ancients called it "smallage" has been used as a medicine since the time of the Greeks.
Celery includes several varieties of Apium graveolens and A. rapaceum as a cultivate vegetable, or cultivated or wild herb. It is in the family Apiaceae (Umbelliferae). It grows wild in wet places throughout most of Europe and was first cultivated in the Mediterranean region about 3,000 years ago.
In the Middle Ages, it was discovered that cultivation produced a much superior plant. At that time people began to use it more widely as a vegetable. It was not until the 19th century that the seeds were used in recipes, appearing first in pickling recipes.
The early plants were very primitive and were used primarily for medicinal purposes, such as sedatives. The first use of celery as a culinary ingredient was as a flavoring, and the earliest printed record of a food use is from France, dating to 1623.
In the Middle Ages, it was discovered that cultivation produced a much superior plant. At that time people began to use it more widely as a vegetable. It was not until the 19th century that the seeds were used in recipes, appearing first in pickling recipes.
Tests conducted at the University of Chicago have found that celery helps as a remedy for mild hypertension. Scientists have found that celery contains 3~n~ butylphthalide which relaxes smooth muscle lining blood vessels. This chemical was found to reduce blood pressure by probably lowering stress hormones in the blood by acting on an enzyme which makes them.
Celery is a widely cultivated, biennial plant which also grows wild in salty soils of North and South America, Europe, and Africa. Celery has been widely used as both a food and a medication since the Middle Ages. Medicinal preparations began to emerge in the late 19th century and these generally contained the juice of crushed celery seeds.
Today, Celery Seed is used therapeutically due to the presence of constituents in the volatile oil component of the seed. Celery Seed is most often taken to aid in the maintenance of healthy joints. It is suitable for anyone who wishes to reduce the degeneration of body joints that commonly occurs with age. Celery Seed can also ease joint discomfort that occurs due to inflammation and is, in fact, mainly used for the relief of symptoms of such conditions as arthritis, rheumatism and gout.
Celery Seed has an antiseptic property that makes it useful to the health of the urinary tract and a diuretic property to help relieve fluid retention - Celery Seed aids in the elimination of uric acid. These properties can prove useful in cases of bladder disorders, cystitis and kidney disorders. Celery also promotes the onset of menstruation. Celery Seed can help soothe the nerves and relieve pain. Consuming Celery Seed in food also aids in the digestion of protein.
Therapeutics and Pharmacology of Celery Seed(Apium Graveolens):
Celery is rich in fiber and in chemical compounds. It is about 94% water, contains protein, calcium, vitamin C, carbohydrate, sodium, and a trace of fat. Celery is also valuable for adding fiber to the diet. Celery seeds contain several substances including volatile oils, flavonoids, coumarins, and linoleic acid. The essential oil of celery seed includes d-limonene, selinene, sesquiterpene alcohols, sedanolide, and sedanonic anhydride. As a medicinal plant, celery has been used as an aphrodisiac, anthelmintic, antispasmodic, carminative, diuretic, emmenagogue, laxative, sedative, stimulant, and tonic.
Apium is known as a mild diuretic and urinary antiseptic and has been used in the treatment of urinary calculi. It has a calming effect on the gut, and can be used in the relief of flatulence and griping pains. However, whilst it can reduce visceral spasm, it conversely stimulates the smooth muscle of the womb and can bring on delayed menstruation. After childbirth it helps the uterus readjust and encourages the flow of breast milk. The phthalides are the constituents responsible for the antispasmodic, sedative and diuretic actions. Apium has a direct action on the kidneys, increasing the elimination of water and speeding up the clearance of accumulated toxins from the joints and so is of benefit in any oedematous condition that accompanies arthritis. It is often administered with Taraxacum radix to increase the efficiency of elimination by both the kidneys and the liver. Apium is also hypoglycaemic, and as such is helpful in diabetes; this action seems to involve a direct action on the pancreas and its production of insulin. Clinical studies in China have demonstrated a hypotensive action for the tincture, and this is accompanied by increased urine output. The flavonoid apigenin has exhibited significant anti-platelet activity in vitro.
The leaves are of the same nature, and are eaten in the spring. The seeds are hot and carminative, and therefore good for the wind.
Modern uses: Although similar to Garden Celery, the wild variety has an unpleasant odour. The seeds and stems are mainly used to flavour other medicines, and as a tonic. It is normally prescribed as a fluid extract, the dose ( which is three to seven drops every three or four hours. As a nerve tonic it is combined with Scullcap. For rheumatism and arthritis, combine with Damiana. The powdered seeds are used in doses of 2o-6o grains (I.3 to 3.9 g) when the extract is not available.
Fresh celery is a product popular with the health conscious. It contains the important vitamins A, C, and folic acid, and nutritional minerals, yet has almost no calories. It is an excellent source of cleansing dietary fiber. Some dieticians suggest that celery has negative calories, implying that the process of eating and digesting this vegetable consumes more calories from the body than are obtained from the vegetable. Celery also contributes to dental hygiene, being a natural fibrous tooth cleaner and containing compounds that act as surface cleansers.
Apium volatile oil act antifungal:
The volatile oil in Apium has been shown to have antifungal activity, and it is active against many bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus albus, Shigella dysenteriae, Salmonella typhi, Streptococcus faecalis, Streptococcus pyogenes and Pseudomonas solanacearum. No activity was observed against Escherichia coli or Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Celery seeds:
Celery seeds are mainly used as a diuretic, these help clear toxins from the system, so are especially good for gout, where uric acid crystals collect in the joints, and arthritis. Infusions from the seeds are used for rheumatoid arthritis and gout. Diluting the essential oil is also effective for these conditions. The essential oil and oleoresin of celery seed are used as a flavoring or fragrance in liqueurs, perfumes, and cosmetics, such as soaps, creams, and lotions. Large amounts of the volatile oil can produce sedation and irritation that may be responsible for attributed antispasmodic properties. Celery juice from the whole, fresh plant is taken for joint and urinary tract inflammations, as well as for rheumatoid arthritis, cystitis, or urethritis, weak conditions, and nervous exhaustion. Root also acts as a bitter digestive remedy and liver stimulant. Root tinctures have been used as a diuretic in hypertension and urinary disorders, are a component in arthritic remedies or used as a kidney stimulant and cleanser.Celery seeds are mainly used in connection with rheumatism, arthritis, and gout. They are especially useful in rheumatoid arthritis where there is an associated mental depression.
In the medicinal-herbal market, celery oil or "oil extract," as well as ground seed or root, are touted as herbal and dietary supplements that "promote and regulate" healthy blood pressure, joint "health" (anti-arthritic, anti-rheumitic properties) and uric acid levels (improve kidney function). Also, these formulations are claimed to be useful in treating gout and for combating infections of the bladder, as well as being a cancer preventative. These are low-cost and high-value products; for example, a single 60-capsule-count bottle of 85 percent 3nB product retails for a suggested price of around $25.
Additional benefits of celery seed may include the following:
Brain and Nervous System Conditions:mild tranquilizer;antidote to alcoholism;anxiety;calms tense nerves;hysteria;mental depression;nervous cases with lack of tone, combined with Skullcap;nervousness;neuralgia;promotes restfulness and sleep.
Cardiovascular Conditions:Lowers Blood Pressure and Cholesterol-chronic pulmonary catarrh;lowers blood pressure in cases of high blood pressure
in one study, at the University of Chicago, lab animals who were given a daily dose of a compound extracted from celery seed experienced a 12 percent reduction in their blood pressure over a four-week period. The same study indicated it may reduce artery-clogging cholesterol. A traditional Vietnamese remedy for high blood pressure.
Lower blood pressure and cholesterol:In one study, at the University of Chicago, lab animals who were given a daily dose of a compound extracted from celery seed experienced a 12 percent reduction in their blood pressure over a four-week period. The same study indicated it may reduce artery-clogging cholesterol.
Studies also suggest that celery seed may give people an edge on another health front: lower blood pressure. So reports William Keller, Ph.D., professor and head of the Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutics at the Northeast Louisiana University School of Pharmacy in Monroe.
In one study at the University of Chicago, laboratory animals given a daily dose of butyl phthalide experienced a 12 percent reduction in their systolic (the top number) blood pressure over a four-week period. What's more, laboratory studies also indicate that butyl phthalide may help reduce high cholesterol.
If you'd like to reap celery seed's medicinal power, prepare a tea by pouring boiling water over 1 teaspoon of freshly crushed seeds. Let it steep for 10 to 20 minutes before drinking. Medicinal amounts of celery seed reputedly:
Acts as A Diuretic: The herb contains a diuretic substance that also benefits arthritis and gout patients, as it helps to flush away the uric acid crystals that build up around the joints. Celery helps shed water weight.
Celery Seed is considered to be an excellent diuretic. Diuretics promote the flow of urine through the kidneys and increase uric acid excretions, helping to clear toxins from the system. This is especially good for gout, where excess uric acid crystals collect in the joints. This diuretic action may also support healthy bladder function, relieving cystitis, and other kidney problems. Early herbalists used it as a cleansing tonic after the stagnation of winter, and herbalists in France today use the extract to relieve retention of urine. Celery Seed is considered beneficial for easing the discomfort and degeneration of the body joints frequently associated with age. Its anti-inflammatory properties also appear to help those who suffer from rheumatoid arthritis, osteo-arthritis, and neuralgia, and its diuretic qualities help flush impurities (including uric acid and other toxins) from the kidneys, which frequently cause these ailments.
Female Conditions: increases menstrual flow;promotes the onset of menstruation
Gastrointestinal Conditions: flatulence (gas/wind);indigestion;lack of appetite
Genitourinary Conditions : acid-forming deposits;cystitis;gout;inflammation and/or infections of the urinary tract (Celery Seed's diuretic action combined with its anti-bacterial compounds make it a useful herb for treating urinary tract infections);kidney infections;lowers the levels of uric acid in the body;promotes the excretion of urine;removes water from the body in the form of urine, which helps wash away bacteria and the minerals that cause kidney and bladder stones;stimulates the kidneys inducing increased urine flow;stimulates the removal of waste products from the body via the kidneys;strengthens the muscles in the uterus;urinary antiseptic
Gout Prevention: Celery seeds should be infused in water - Simmer 1 tablespoon of celery seeds in 2 cups of water until soft. Drink half a cup four times a day. They help eliminate gout by increasing excretion of uric acid, but should not be taken when pregnant or with kidney disease. Drinking lots of water, always a good idea with gout, is particularly important. Celery seeds are also available in capsule form.
Inflammatory Conditions: Reduces inflammation in the following conditions such as arthritis,gout,rheumatism and rheumatoid arthritis.
Other Conditions: Clears up skin problems;deficiency diseases;prevention of cancer;prevents tumors;spleen disorders;swellings in body cavities;tendency towards overweight.
Healthy Joints: Celery has been used and suggested as an alternative therapy for arthritis, rheumatism, and gout. Celery seed is most often taken to aid in the maintenance of healthy joints. Celery seeds have been found to have anti-inflammatory properties that reduce swelling and pain around the joints. It is suitable for anyone who wishes to reduce the degeneration of body joints that commonly occurs with age. Celery seed can also ease joint discomfort that occurs due to inflammation and is, in fact, used for the relief of symptoms of conditions such as arthritis.
Antiseptic Properties: Celery seed has an antiseptic property that makes it useful to the health of the urinary tract and a diuretic property to help relieve fluid retention. Celery seed aids in the elimination of uric acid. These properties can prove useful in cases of bladder disorders, cystitis, and kidney disorders. Celery seed helps with urinary tract infection in women.
Menstrual Discomfort: Celery may promote the onset of menstruation.
Anxiety: Celery seed can help soothe the nerves and relieve pain.
Aids Digestion: Consuming celery seed in food also aids in the digestion of protein.
Cancer Agents: Contains eight different families of anti-cancer compounds, such as phthalides and polyacetylenes, that detoxify carcinogens, present in high concentrations in cigarette smoke.
Celery seed May help prevent certain cancers, regulates blood pressure, reduces cholesterol.Celery seed adds a distinctive bite to sauerkraut, a fine-edged sharpness to coleslaw and a tangy zip to soups, stews and salad dressings.
Yet along with its refreshing flavor, scientists have found that celery seed may also be adding protection against cancer, high blood pressure and high cholesterol.
In a study for the National Cancer Institute, Luke Lam, Ph.D., and his colleagues at LKT Laboratories in St. Paul, Minnesota, have been analyzing the chemical constituents of celery seed oil and their effect on living beings.
"We isolated five compounds of interest," says Dr. Lam, who was formerly a researcher at the University of Minnesota. "Then we took three of those compounds and looked for their ability to prevent tumor formation in animals."
The result? "The compound sedanolide was the most active," says Dr. Lam. It and a related compound: butyl phthalide,reduced the incidence of tumors in laboratory animals anywhere from 38% to 57%. Whether celery can help prevent cancer in people as well as in animals is not yet known.
Throughout much of history, celery and celery seed has been used primarily as a homeopathic and medicinal herbs. Not until relatively recent history has celery been used for culinary purposes. The flavor of celery is somewhat herbal and astringent, but it has a succulent, crisp texture. Because of its low-calorie count, celery is a favorite diet food.
Help shed water weight: The herb contains a diuretic substance, which will cause you to lose water weight. This may be helpful in getting started in a weight-loss program. The keys to lasting weight control, however, are a healthful, low-fat diet and regular exercise.
Additional Comments: In Germany, celery preparations are used to treat loss of appetite loss and exhaustion, and also in the prophylaxis of nervous exhaustion.
Medicinal virtues: The roots provoke the urine and are effectual where there is stoppage, or for removing stone and gravel. They also open obstructions of the liver and spleen,help dropsy and jaundice and remove female obstructions.
Celery Extract:3nB lower blood pressure.
What is 3nB?
3nB is a compound that is unique to celery and is responsible for the characteristic flavor and odor of celery. 3nB was discovered as the active component of celery in response to investigations by researchers seeking to explain some of the medicinal effects of celery including the lowering of blood pressure and the relief of arthritis. 3nB first drew significant scientific attention when researchers at the University of Chicago Medical Center identified it as the factor in celery responsible for the blood pressure lowering effect of celery.1 The research was prompted by one of the researcher's father, who after eating a quarter-pound of celery every day for one week observed his blood pressure dropped from 158 over 96 to a normal reading of 118 over 82.
Subsequent animal studies found that a very small amount of 3nB lowered blood pressure by 12 to 14% and also lowered cholesterol by about 7%.
How does 3nB lower blood pressure?
The blood pressure lowering effect of 3nB appears to be a result of several effects. First of all, let me explain exactly what blood pressure refers to. It refers to the force with which your blood flows through the vessels. High blood pressure is usually the result of too much fluid there is in your blood and how flexible or resistant your blood vessels are. Retention of sodium (salt) leads to increase fluid volume in the blood while hardening of the arteries and the hormones released during stress lead to loss of flexibility or constriction of blood flow. If you put your thumb over a garden hose, the pressure against your thumb and the resultant pressure of the flow of water out of the hose can be reduced by either turning down the faucet (reducing the fluid volume) or by letting more water flow out the end of the hose (dilating the vessel). In treating high blood pressure, doctors usually prescribed diuretics (water pills) to reduce the fluid volume and vasodilators to relax the arteries to reduce the resistance of blood flow or beta-blockers to turn down the pumping action of the heart. 3nB appears to help lower blood pressure by both acting as a diuretic and vasodilator through impacting the production of prostaglandins (discussed below) as well as acting in a similar manner to drugs known as calcium-channel blockers. 3nB has also been shown to lower blood cholesterol levels and reduce the formation of arterial plaque in experimental studies (animal and test tube studies). This effect may increase the elasticity of the blood vessels and also lead to lower blood pressure readings. 3nB also appears to promote some effects on areas and systems of the brain that control vascular resistance.
The benefit of celery extract in high blood pressure is its apparent safety and the fact that it has a very unusual mechanism of action as a diuretic. Most diuretics change the ratio of sodium to potassium in the blood and as a result dangerous side effects can occur as a result of either too much potassium or sodium. In contrast, celery extract acts as a diuretic but does not alter the ratio of sodium to potassium in the blood.
The research on the blood pressure lowering effect of celery and celery extracts is quite preliminary, but I think it is certainly worth the effort to give it a try as some people have noted significant reductions. What research will probably show is that some people with high blood pressure will respond to celery extract while others will not. This occurrence is not unusual as physicians treating high blood pressure will tell you that there is a similar phenomena with conventional drugs used in high blood pressure.
Another real advantage of celery extract over conventional drugs used in high blood pressure is that the drugs lower blood flow to the brain. While this effect is helpful in reducing the likelihood of stroke, it often leaves people taking these drugs feeling tired, depressed, dizzy, and forgetful. Celery extract on the other hand has actually been shown to not only help prevent stroke in animal studies, but also improve blood flow as well and act to protect the brain and enhance energy production with the brain in a similar manner to Ginkgo biloba extract. It has produced dramatic recovery in neurological and brain function in animals in studies that simulate a stroke. It has also been shown to significantly increase lifespan in animal studies.
What other effects have been noted with 3nB?
3nB has shown tremendous promise as an anti-cancer phytonutrient and detoxification aid in an experimental animal model, but it is its use as a pain reliever in arthritis, fibromyalgia, and gout that is getting most of the attention.
A celery extract standardized to contain 85% 3nB and other celery phthalides has been evaluated in the treatment of "rheumatism" the general term used for arthritic and muscular aches and pain. In these studies efficacy was evaluated by well-established clinical protocols used to measure the effectiveness of conventional drugs used in arthritis and muscular pain. This protocol allows objective measures of clinical pain that can be assessed statistically and for individual comparisons. Due to the chronic, fluctuating nature of rheumatism, the design of the study was a longitudinal study. This sort of study compares the results achieved when using the active substance to a time when it is not used.
Osteoarthritis, Ssteoporosis or Gout: During the active phase of the 12-week study, the 15 subjects suffering from either osteoarthritis, osteoporosis or gout received 34 mg of a proprietary celery extract standardized to contain 85% phthalides twice daily. The pain had been present for approximately 10 years in a remittent or continual form and it led to a lack of joint mobility and pain that prevented the carrying out of household duties, hobbies and activities involved in employment of these subjects. The results of the study were extremely positive and quite statistically significant. The chance that such a positive effect in reducing pain in these subjects was a placebo effect was less than 1 in 1000. Subjects experienced significant pain relief after 3 weeks of use with the average reduction in pain scores of 68% and some subjects experiencing complete 100% relief from pain. Most subjects achieved maximum benefit after six weeks of use although some did notice improvements the longer the extract was used. Detailed blood chemistry as well as clinical evaluation in these test subjects did not turn up any side effects. Many subjects noticed a diuretic effect, but no changes were noted in the sodium and potassium balance (the significance of this effect was discussed above).
Based on the positive results in this small pilot study, a larger 70 patient study was conducted. Test subjects received 75 mg of the celery extract twice daily for three weeks. At this higher dosage, subjects reported even better results than in the pilot study. Statistically and clinically significant reductions were noted in pain scores, mobility, and quality of life. Again no side effects were noted other than the diuretic effect with no changes in the sodium and potassium balance. It appears to be particularly helpful for sufferers of gout as 3nB appears to lower the production of uric acid by inhibiting the enzyme xanthine oxidase.
How does 3nB work to produce all of these benefits?
Based upon al of the existing research it is clear that 3nB exerts a profound effect on many of the body's control systems. Chief among them the prostaglandin system. Prostaglandins are chemicals that mediate or control many important body processes including regulating inflammation, pain, and swelling; blood pressure; and heart, digestive, and kidney function as well. Some of the effects noted for 3nB on the prostaglandin system are quite unique and novel. Rather than simply inhibiting the production of prostaglandins by blocking enzymes that produce them like aspirin or even the more expensive and selective Cox-2 inhibitors, 3nB appears to help restore balance in the prostaglandin system.Exactly how it accomplishes this effect is still a mystery. Drug companies are researching the unique effects of 3nB in order to develop drugs that can be patented and sold for a huge profit. It does not look like that line of research is necessary, however.
Safety and Administration of Celery Seed.Apium Graveolens.:
Side effects, precautions, interactions:
Pregnant women should not use celery seed because it may uterine bleeding and cause muscle contractions in the uterus. People with active kidney inflammation should also avoid this herb. Active compounds in celery stems and seeds can cause the skin to become highly sensitive to UV rays. Do not apply the essential oil externally in bright sunshine, because bergapten in the seeds could increase photosensitivity. The volatile oil in quantity is toxic to the kidneys and so should not be used in kidney disorders. Allergic reactions are rare.
Caution: Apium should be avoided in pregnancy because it is a uterine stimulant. The volatile oil in quantity is toxic to the kidneys and so should not be used in kidney disorders. Allergic reactions are rare.
Precautions:
The use of herbs is a time-honored approach to strengthening the body and treating disease. Herbs, however, contain active substances that can trigger side effects and that can interact with other herbs, supplements, or medications. For these reasons, herbs should be taken with care, under the supervision of a practitioner knowledgeable in the field of botanical medicine.
Pregnant women should not use celery seed because it may uterine bleeding and cause muscle contractions in the uterus.
People with active kidney inflammation should also avoid this herb.
Although uncommon, allergic reactions (even anaphylaxis) to celery seed may develop in people who handle or ingest celery. In fact, some individuals who are allergic to birch pollen may also be allergic to celery seed.
Active compounds in celery stems and seeds can cause the skin to become highly sensitive to UV rays (called photodermatitis). For this reason, people taking celery seed should use sunscreen or sunblock lotions to protect their skin from the sun.
Celery seeds should not be taken from a garden packet. Most seeds sold for these purposes have been treated with chemicals and should not be taken internally.
Possible Interactions:
There are no known scientific reports of interactions between celery seed and conventional medications. However, given that celery seed is an herb with diuretic effects, people taking prescription diuretics (such as furosemide or hydrochlorothiazide) should not take this herb without first consulting a healthcare provider.
Similarly, celery contains properties that may thin the blood, thus making it somewhat of a concern to take with blood thinning medications such as warfarin or aspirin. If you take warfarin in particular you should not use celery seed without first consulting your healthcare provider.
Since the effects of celery extract have not been evaluated for safety in pregnancy, it is generally recommended that it not be used during pregnancy or lactation. No other contraindications are presently known. I would advise individuals taking the drug Coumadin (warfarin) to be closely monitored by their physician when starting to use celery extract. It is just a precautionary recommendation.
Can I take celery extract with conventional anti-inflammatory drugs?Yes. There does not seem to be any adverse interactions with conventional drugs.
Dosage:
Pediatric:There are no known scientific reports on the pediatric use of celery seed. Therefore, it is not currently recommended for medicinal purposes in children.
Adult:
Celery seed oil capsules or tablets: One to two capsules or tablets three times a day, as directed by your health care provider.
Celery seed extract: 1/4 to 1/2 tsp three times a day, or as directed by your health care provider. (Always take with plenty of juice or with water at mealtime, unless instructed otherwise.)
Whole celery seeds: Prepare a tea by pouring boiling water over one teaspoon (1 to 3 g) of freshly crushed seeds. Let it steep for 10 to 20 minutes before drinking. Drink three times a day.
Combinations:Apium combines well with Menyanthes and/or Guaiacum in rheumatic disease. The therapeutic action of Apium is potentiated by Taraxacum.
How much celery or celery extract should I take for high blood pressure?:My recommendation is to either consume 8 ribs of celery per day or take a celery extract standardized to contain 85% 3nB and other celery phthalides at a dosage of 75 to 150 mg twice daily.
What is the proper dosage and are their any side effects?
Over 100,000 people in Australia have now used this proprietary celery seed extract standardized at 85% phthalides without any reports of side effects. The current recommendations for joint and muscle complaints based on the information now available from trials as well as clinical experience are the following (based upon using a celery seed extract standardized to contain 85% 3nB and other phthalides):
For the relief of join and muscle pain (including pain due to osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and fibromyalgia): one tablet two to three times daily.
For gout: two tablets twice daily. NOTE: The initial blood uric acid measurements may increase in people with gout as uric acid crystals begin to dissolve.
Do you have to take the celery extract continuously to maintain benefits in relieving joint and muscle pain?
Yes. Results from the studies conducted to date indicate that as long as the celery extract is used it keeps pain at bay. But, if it is stopped the pain tends to recur.
Application Uses:Celery-Ginger Blend(Hot Gone) for Inflammation.
What is Hot Gone?
Hot Gone for Inflammation is a proprietary formula of 7 standardized extracts of herbs that reduce inflammation. Hot Gone for Inflammation works by helping to balance enzyme levels that cause inflammatory responses in the body. Each phytochemicals in the Hot Gone formula acts on specific enzyme pathways, helping support normal inflammation levels naturally without side effects.
The Hot Gone formula contains therapeutic dosages of standardized celery seed extract and ginger root extract, in a supporting base of 5 herbs for inflammation: turmeric extract, boswellia extract, white willow extract, green tea extract, and skullcap extract. This Hot Gone for Inflammation formula was shown in an open label consumer trial to be more effective and better tolerated than any other combination of these ingredients.
Celery Seed Extract (Apium graveolens)
Celery seed, used in Chinese medicine for centuries, contains powerful phytonutrients called phthalides. New research suggest phthalides can help balance prostaglandin levels in the body, which are responsible for regulating many processes including inflammation, pain, swelling, and blood pressure. Through a unique process, these phthalides are isolated and concentrated into a standardized extract designed to optimize their health benefits.
Two capsules of Hot Gone contain 150mg of celery seed extract, standardized to contain a minimum of 85% total phthalides, including 3-n-butylphthalide. This is the same dosage and potency shown in two preliminary clinical trials to significantly reduce pain, while improving mobility and quality of life, for patients with joint pain and inflammation.
Other research shows celery seed extract also helps support healthy blood pressure and cholesterol levels because of its beneficial effect on prostaglandin levels. Researchers at the University of Chicago Medical Center identified
3-n-butylphthalide as the main factor in celery seed extract responsible for this dual effect.
Ginger Root Extract (Zingiber officinale)
Ginger is a well-known natural remedy for nausea. But it's ginger's effect on inflammation that is getting the most attention these days from researchers around the world.
Ginger root extract contains volatile oils and phenolic compounds such as gingerols and shogaols. Studies show ginger root, in sufficient amounts, targets pain and inflammation via two different pathways: prostaglandin enzymes and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX).
According to the University of Maryland Medical Center (UMMC), a recent study of knee pain in 261 patients with osteoarthritis found those receiving the equivalent of 3 grams of fresh ginger root daily experienced less pain and required fewer pain medications with harmful side effects. The UMMC recommends 2-4 grams daily as part of an overall program to address inflammation and arthritis pain.
Two capsules of Hot Gone's natural pain relief formula contain 300mg of ginger root extract, standardized to contain 5% gingerols. This is the equivalent of 3 grams of fresh ginger,the same dosage shown to reduce knee pain in the study above.
Hot Gone's Proprietary Base: Balance And Function
In researching the Hot Gone Proprietary Blend, we conducted an open label consumer trial prior to launching Hot Gone. From this trial, we discovered the ideal ratio of herbs that reduce inflammation and also help balance the main ingredients, celery seed extract and ginger root extract.
As a result, Hot Gone's base of 5 standardized herbal extracts helps complement the anti-inflammatory action of the main ingredients, and also virtually eliminates any stomach upset in those sensitive to ginger-based products.
Turmeric Extract (Curcuma longa): Part of the ginger family, turmeric has been shown to support proper inflammation levels by acting on both the COX-2 and 5-LOX enzymes. Hot Gone contains the highest quality turmeric root extract available, standardized to contain 95% curcuminoids.
Boswellia Extract (Boswellia serrata): Studies show that boswellia acts primarily on 5-LOX, a major inflammation pathway. Hot Gone contains high-quality standardized boswellia serrata extract, containing a minimum of 60% boswellic acids.
White Willow Extract (Salix alba): One of the original natural sources of salicin used in making aspirin, white willow bark has a rich herbal history dating back nearly 2000 years. Recent research suggests white willow helps balance inflammatory enzymes via the COX-2 pathway.Hot Gone contains white willow bark, standardized to contain a minimum of 15% salicin.
Green Tea Extract (Camellia sinensis): Studies suggest green tea leaves have anti-inflammatory effects and also help protect joint structures from breakdown (also known as an anti-catabolic effect). Hot Gone contains a concentrated green tea extract,standardized to contain a minimum of 50% polyphenols. Two capsules of Hot Gone contain the equivalent of nearly 3 cups of brewed green tea.
Skullcap Extract (Scutellaria baicalensis): Used for centuries in Chinese medicine, new research shows that skullcap acts on inflammation similarly to boswellia extract, via the 5-LOX enzyme pathway.Hot Gone contains high-quality Chinese skullcap root, standardized to contain 30% baicalein.
Hot Gone:Benefit General and Uses
Are sore, stiff joints slowing you down? Do you get sidelined by hip pain, back pain or knee pain, especially after exercise? Do you suffer from stiff joints in your hands, elbows or ankles? If so, we've got fantastic news for you!
Finally, a natural medicine for joint pain that's safe and effective
Hot Gone is a powerful, all-natural alternative joint pain therapy, all in just two capsules daily.
Doctors agree that inflammation is a silent killer that slowly destroys joint tissues, leaving you stiff, sore and at the mercy of harmful medications that actually make your joints weaker and more prone to injury.
Whether you have stiff joints or occasional aches and pains due to overexertion, Hot Gone's natural medicine for joint pain delivers relief safely, without stomach upset or other side effects.
You don't have to live with stiff joints, tennis elbow, hip pain, back pain or knee pain.Hot Gone provides clinically researched dosages of celery seed extract and ginger root extract in a powerful base of five herbs that reduce inflammation and also help protect joints from further damage.
Unlike other herbal pain relief remedies,Hot Gone contains only standardized herbal extracts,the highest quality available. Standardized means that each herb in the InflaMend formula is concentrated to a specific level of active ingredients.
Scientific References:
1.Celery Seed.Apium Graveolens Application and Pharmacology.
Claims & Warning:
Claims: Information this web site presented is meant for Nutritional Benefit and as an educational starting point only, for use in maintenance and promotion good health in cooperation with a common knowledge base reference...Furthermore,it based solely on the traditional and historic use or legend of a given herb from the garden of Adonis. Although every effort has been made to ensure its accurate, please note that some info may be outdated by more recent scientific developments......
Pharmakon Warning: The order of knowledge is not the transparent order of forms and ideas,as one might be tempted retrospectively to interpret it; it is the antidote....(Dissemination,Plato's Pharmacy,II.The Ingredients:Phantasms,Festivals,and Paints;138cf. Jacques Derrida.).
And as it happens,the technique of imitation,along with the production of the simulacrum,has always been in Plato's eyes manifestly magical,thaumaturgical:......and the same things appear bent and straight to those who view them in water and out,or concave and convex,owing to similar errors of vision about colors, and there is obviously every confusion of this sort in our souls.And so scene painting (skiagraphia) in its exploitation of this weakness of four nature falls nothing short of witchcraft (thaumatopoia), and so do jugglery and many other such contrivances.(Republic X,602c-d;cf.also 607c).
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Serie No.:R002.Basic Data Sheet Download
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seminal trace...Celery Seed Extract.5:1.Apium Graveolens,Smallage.CAS.RN.NO:89997-35-3.Synonyms:Celery Extract...
Botanical Basic Data of Celery Seed:Apium Graveolens
Where the Celery come from and how our civil ancestors use celery???
Brain and Nervous System Conditions:mild tranquilizer;antidote to alcoholism;anxiety;calms tense nerves;hysteria;mental depression;nervous cases with lack of tone, combined with Skullcap;nervousness;neuralgia;promotes restfulness and sleep.
Scientific References:
Claims & Warning:
