Ginger Action and Uses.Ginger Extract.Gingerols.

More reference materials and state of Ginger application.

Ginger Extract Root INCI Name Zingiber Officinalis Extract EINECS ELINCS No 283-634-2 CAS 84696-15-1 Gingerols 1391-73-7 photo picture image Shen Nong's Herbal Classic:"To treat tightness in the chest, coughing or dyspnea caused by abnormal rising of lung-qi, diarrhea and dysentery by warming the spleen and stomach, arresting bleeding, inducing diaphoresis and relieving arthralgia due to wind-dampness. The raw herb is especially good."

The Compendium of Materia Medica: "The dried ginger ... has four functions: Firstly, it activates heart-yang; secondly, it removes deep and stubborn cold from the zang-organs and fu-organs; thirdly, it emits cold-qi from the channels; fourthly, it treats abdominal pain due to affection by cold."

Realistic Approach to Herbs: "Being very hot and non-toxic, the potency of the dried ginger will remains at a fixed position without any movement and this herb will give immediate effects for recovering depleted yang if used together with monkshood root (Radix Aconiti Praeparata) in the treatment of deficiency-cold in the stomach and the threatened exhaustion of primordial yang. Therefore, in the medical books there is a sentence saying that monkshood root will not be hot without any ginger."

Historical View:

"Traditionally, the warming and aromatic properties of ginger led to its use for numerous indications. It is a digestant and carminative, and was used for dyspepsia and bowel colic. It is a general stimulant, being one of many spices that are regarded as being aphrodisiacs. Ginger has been recommended as an expectorant and it is traditionally used in teas or soups to treat colds or bronchitis. Many traditional Chinese medicines contain ginger, and its use generally appears to be safe.

Medicinal Properties The main constituents in ginger are phenolic compounds such as gingerols and shogaols, and sesquiterpenes such as zingiberene. These and other compounds are extracts found in ginger oleoresin. The main pungent flavor chemicals are the gingerols, which are not volatile. Recently, studies have suggested it is of value as an anti-emetic; however, it should probably not be used in nausea of pregnancy, since its safety has not been established. There is less convincing evidence to support claims that ginger is an antioxidant, with cancer preventing properties, or that it has anti-inflammatory benefits in arthritis. In large amounts, it appears to inhibit platelet aggregation.

Modern Research:

Ginger contains about 2 percent essential oil; the principal component is zingiberene and the pungent principle of the spice is zingerone. Other ingredients include phellandrene, camphene, shogaol, gingerol, borneol, citral, resin and starch.

1. It has a biphasic action on the stomach, i.e., first inhibits its secretion and then stimulates for a longer period. Taking it orally can whet the appetite, and can also stimulate oral and gastric mucus and speed up the secretion of digestive juices.
2. It can inhibit abnormal fermentation in the intestines and promote the discharge of gas.
3. The mixture of zingiberol and shogaol can produce the effect of arresting vomiting.
4. It can stimulate the respiration center and vasomotor centers, and induce sweat.

5. It promotes circulation in the blood vessels, prevent blood coagulation, lowers blood lipides and prevents thrombosis, and is therefore very effective for preventing cardiac infarction. It can also raise blood pressure. It can excite the blood pressure to rise an average of 11.2 mmHg in normal people.

Therapeutics and Pharmacology:

In feverish conditions Zingiber's diaphoretic action promotes perspiration. As a carminative it promotes gastric secretion and is used in the treatment of dyspepsia, flatulence and colic. It is also a useful remedy in diarrhoea where there is no inflammation. It is stimulant to the gastro-intestinal tract, increasing peristalsis and the tone of the intestinal muscle. As an antiemetic it can be used in cases morning sickness. It is also said to be useful for suppressed menstruation. The fresh rootstock may be chewed to stimulate the flow of saliva or to soothe a sore throat. As a gargle it can also relieve a sore throat. Extracts of ginger stimulate the vasomotor and respiratory centres.

Externally, Zingiber is the basis of many fibrositis and muscle strain treatments. In China the fresh root, sheng jiang, is used to promote sweating and as an expectorant for colds and chills. It is also roasted in hot ashes and used to treat diarrhoea or to stop bleeding. The dried root, gan jiang, is used to warm and stimulate the stomach and lungs, and is an effective yang restorative.
Ginger Extract Root INCI Name Zingiber Officinalis Extract EINECS ELINCS No 283-634-2 CAS 84696-15-1 Gingerols 1391-73-7 photo picture image

Proposed Medical Benefits of Ginger:

Although officially recognized as a remedy for appetite loss, indigestion and motion sickness, ginger root has a proven ability to combat all forms of nausea and vomiting. It has also been taken to loosen phlegm, relieve gas, and tighten the tissues, although its effectiveness for these purposes hasn't been proven. Comparisons between ginger and prescription or non-prescription drugs for motion sickness relief have been conducted, but results were inconclusive. However, in some of these studies, similar effectiveness was seen between ginger and drugs.

Ginger may also ease sore throats, headaches, ulcerative colitis, some types of menstrual and arthritis pain, and fevers and aches caused by colds and flu.

Ginger has also been used in connection with minor gastrointestinal problems such as gas or heartburn. It is thought to improve muscle tone in the gastrointestinal tract. A few studies have provided preliminary evidence suggesting that ginger may be also useful in relieving both osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Other traditional uses for ginger, such as for relieving toothaches, have not been proven by clinical studies. More research is needed for these and other possible uses of ginger.

Most commonly used as a flavoring for food, ginger may also be taken orally in higher amounts as an herbal remedy to prevent or relieve nausea resulting from chemotherapy, motion sickness, pregnancy, and surgery. Results of laboratory studies as well as from small studies conducted among seasick sailors or ship passengers, found that ginger generally has more effectiveness for relieving motion sickness than placebo (or sugar pills). Several comparisons between ginger and prescription or non-prescription drugs have been conducted for relieving the nausea of pregnancy, but results are inconclusive. In some of the studies, similar effectiveness was seen between ginger and the comparator drug, while other studies found less or no effectiveness for ginger as compared to the drugs. In general, no adverse effects were noted from using ginger, for either the mother or the developing baby. Ginger has also been used in folk medicine to treat minor gastrointestinal problems such as gas or stomach cramps. Recent studies may confirm that ginger directly affects the gastrointestinal tract, helping to improve muscle tone and to prevent abnormally rapid and strong intestinal contractions.

Results of limited studies in animals with diabetes show that ginger may reduce blood levels of sugar and cholesterol, while also lowering blood pressure. However, no human studies with similar results have been reported. A few small studies that have been conducted in humans have shown some promise for supplemental ginger in the treatment of both osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Other traditional uses for ginger, such as for relieving toothaches, have not been proven by clinical studies. More research is needed for these and other possible uses of ginger as a dietary supplement.

Topically, the juice of fresh ginger has been used in folk medicine as a remedy for burns and minor skin irritation. Studies of laboratory cultures show that applying ginger -- usually as a liquid extract -- may kill or disable certain bacteria and fungi, In some parts of the world, ginger oil is used to repel insects and to prevent aphid or fungal infestation of gardens.

Anti-oxidation effects:

Sheng Jiang can significantly eliminate the superoxide anions generated by the hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase system and the hydroxide free radicals produced by ultra-violate radiation on H2O2. Concentrated solution of Sheng Jiang can significantly enhance the activity of the superoxide dismutase in mice's liver, and decrease the level of lipid peroxide (LPO).Sheng Jiang can effectively protect the activity of peroxide hydrogenase and Ca2+-ATPase, significantly decrease the level of lactic acid, and increase the peroxidase hydrogenase- and Ca2+-ATPase-to-lactic acid ratios.

Anti-allergic effects:

Administered to guinea pigs by gastric perfusion (0.2ml/kg), Sheng Jiang oil has a protective effect on allergic bronchi convulsion. It also has a dose-dependent effect of counteracting histamine- or acetelcholine-induced ileum contraction.

Central-inhibitory effects:

Administered to mice, Sheng Jiang oil can significantly inhibit the subjects' spontaneous activity, lengthen their pentobarbital sodium-induced sleep time, and counteract cardiazal-induced convulsion and pain. Administered to rats, it can counteract yeast-induced increase in temperature.

Counteracting platelet:

Alcohol-based extract of Sheng Jiang can decrease the viscosity of fibrinogen in rats, and inhibit adenosine diphosphate or ethanol-induced platelet aggregation.

Diabetes:

Results of limited studies in animals with diabetes show that ginger may reduce blood levels of sugar and cholesterol, while also lowering blood pressure. However, no human studies with similar results have been reported. A few small studies that have been conducted in humans have shown some promise for supplemental ginger in the treatment of both osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.

Inflammation:Anti-inflammatory effects:

In addition to providing relief from nausea and vomiting, ginger extract has long been used in traditional medical practices to decrease inflammation. In fact, many herbalists today use ginger to help treat health problems associated with inflammation, such as arthritis, bronchitis, and ulcerative colitis. In a recent study of 261 people with osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee, those who received a ginger extract twice daily experienced less pain and required fewer pain-killing medications compared to those who received placebo. Although there have also been a few other studies of the benefit of ginger for arthritis, one recent trial found that the herb was no more effective than ibuprofen (a medication frequently used to treat OA) or placebo in reducing symptoms of OA.

Administered to mice by gastric perfusion, 0.25-0.4ml/kg of Sheng Jiang oil can significantly inhibit histamine- or acetic acid-induced capillary permeability increase. It can also significantly inhibit dimethylbenzene-induced auricular inflammation in mice and egg white-induced toe swelling in rats. Furthermore, it can significantly inhibit granulation tissue proliferation, and decrease the weight of the thymus gland and increase that of the adrenaline gland rats.
Ginger Extract Root INCI Name Zingiber Officinalis Extract EINECS ELINCS No 283-634-2 CAS 84696-15-1 Gingerols 1391-73-7 photo picture image

Liver-protective and cholagogic effects:

Sheng Jiang oil has a therapeutic effect on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage in rats. It can significantly lower the serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) level. It can prevent carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage in mice, and decrease sulfobromophthalein sodium (BSP) retention. To a limited degree, it also protects damaged liver cells of rats and mice.Duodenum administration of acetone-based extract (500mg/kg), 6-gingerol (100mg/kg), or 8-ginerol (100mg/kg) of Sheng Jiang has a significant cholagogic effect on rats.

Motion Sickness:

Several studies suggest that ginger may be more effective than placebo in reducing symptoms associated with motion sickness. In one trial of 80 novice sailors (prone to motion sickness), those who took powdered ginger experienced a significant reduction in vomiting and cold sweating compared to those who took placebo. Similar results were found in a study with healthy volunteers. While these results are promising, other studies suggest that ginger is not as effective as medications in reducing symptoms associated with motion sickness. In a small study of volunteers who were given ginger (fresh root and powder form), scopolamine (a medication commonly prescribed for motion sickness), or placebo, those receiving the medication experienced significantly fewer symptoms compared to those who received ginger. Given the safety of ginger, however, many people find it a welcome alternative to medications if it relieves their motion sickness.

Ginger may also be taken orally as a herbal remedy to prevent or relieve nausea resulting from chemotherapy, motion sickness, pregnancy, and surgery.

Results of laboratory studies as well as from small studies conducted among seasick sailors or ship passengers, found that ginger generally has more effectiveness for relieving motion sickness than placebo (or sugar pills). Several comparisons between ginger and prescription or non-prescription drugs have been conducted for relieving the nausea of pregnancy, but results are inconclusive.

Nausea and vomiting following surgery:

Research has produced mixed results regarding the use of ginger in the treatment of nausea and vomiting following surgery. In two studies, 1 gram of ginger root before surgery reduced nausea as effectively as a leading medication. In one of these two studies, women who received ginger also required fewer nausea-relieving medications following surgery. Other studies, however, have failed to find the same positive effects. In fact, one study found that ginger may actually increase vomiting following surgery. For this reason, further studies are needed to determine whether ginger is safe and effective for the prevention and treatment of nausea and vomiting following surgery.

Pregnancy Related Nausea and Vomiting:

At least two studies have found that ginger is more effective than placebo in relieving nausea and vomiting associated with pregnancy. In a small study including 30 pregnant women with severe vomiting, those who ingested 1 gram of ginger every day for four days reported more relief from vomiting than those who received placebo. In a larger study including 70 pregnant women with nausea and vomiting, those who received a similar dosage of ginger felt less nauseous and experienced fewer vomiting episodes than those who received placebo. (Note: fresh ginger root is safe to use during pregnancy, but dried ginger root is not. See Precautions.)

Stimulating warming to the system:

This stimulating herb is warming to the system. In her book '10 Essential Herbs' author Lalitha Thomas describes the properties: "The major active ingredients in ginger are terpenes (quite similar to the chemical action of turpentine) and an oleo-resin called ginger oil. These two, and other active ingredients in ginger, provide antiseptic, lymph-cleansing, circulation-stimulating, and mild constipation relief qualities along with a potent perspiration-inducing action that is quite effective in cleansing the system of toxins."

Treatment of Dyspepsia (discomfort after eating):

Ginger root is a medicinal herb used primarily for the treatment of Dyspepsia (discomfort after eating), this includes the symptoms of bloating, heartburn, flatulence, and nausea. It is also considered helpful as a preventative for motion sickness and as a digestive. Due to it's antispasmodic characteristic some people have used it to help ease menstrual cramps. In some traditional systems it is credited with the ability to treat arthritis, fevers, headaches, and toothaches.

Other:

Although it is much too early to tell if this will benefit those with heart disease, a few preliminary studies suggest that ginger may lower cholesterol and prevent the blood from clotting. Each of these effects may protect the blood vessels from blockage and the damaging effects of blockage such as atherosclerosis, which can lead to a heart attack or stroke. Again, however, it is too early too know if these initial study results will ultimately prove helpful for people. More research would be helpful.

In some of the studies, similar effectiveness was seen between ginger and the comparator drug, while other studies found less or no effectiveness for ginger as compared to the drugs. In general, no adverse effects were noted from using ginger, for either the mother or the developing baby. Ginger has also been used in folk medicine to treat minor gastrointestinal problems such as gas or stomach cramps. Recent studies may confirm that ginger directly affects the gastrointestinal tract, helping to improve muscle tone and to prevent abnormally rapid and strong intestinal contractions.

If a person has exercised too much or suffers from arthritis or rheumatism, ginger has been known to ease inflammation of the joints and muscle tissue. Due to its tremendous circulation-increasing qualities, ginger is thought to improve the complexion. It has reduced nervousness, eased tendonitis, and helped sore throats return to normal. Studies demonstrate that ginger can lower cholesterol levels by reducing cholesterol absorption in the blood and liver. It may also aid in preventing internal blood clots.

Reference:

1.Ginger Action and Uses.Ginger Extract.Gingerols.

last edit date:1st,Mar.2010.

Available Product

Name:Ginger Extract
Serie No:R010.
Specifications:Gingerols 2.5%.5% HPLC
INCI Name:ZINGIBER OFFICINALE EXTRACT
EINECS/ELINCS No.:283-634-2
CAS:84696-15-1,Gingerols,1391-73-7.
Chem/IUPAC Name:Zingiber Officinalis Extract is an extract of the roots of the ginger,Zingiber officinalis,Zingiberaceae

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