Humulus Lupulus:Hops Applications more than Herb Beers.
Article Content:
- .Brief Description and Basic Data.
- .Botanical Description of Hops.
- .Name Identification and Archeology of Hops.
- .Medicinal Action and Uses of Hops.
- .Identification of a potent phytoestrogen in hops (Humulus lupulus L.) and beer.
- .Hops and Recipes for Herb Beers.
- .Actions,Indications,Pharmacology of Hops.
- .Combination,Caution,and Comments of Hops.
- .Phytochemical Constituents of Hops.
- .Hops and Its finding tips.
- .How Search engine think about Hops.
- .Research Update:Hops and its findings.
Phytochemical Constituents of Hops.
The aromatic odour of the Hop strobiles is due to a volatile oil, of which they yield about 0.3 to 1.0 per cent. It appears to consist chiefly of the sesquiterpene Humulene. Petroleum spirit extracts 7 to 14 per cent of a powerfully antiseptic soft resin, and ether extracts a hard resin. The petroleum spirit extract contains the two crystalline bitter principles (a) Lupamaric acid (Humulone), (b) Lupamaric acid (Lupulinic acid). These bodies are chiefly contained in the glands at the base of the bracts. The leafy organs contain about 5 per cent of tannin which is not a constituent of the glands. Hops yield about 7 per cent Ash.
Up to 1% volatile oil (humulene, myrcene, caryophylline, farnescene); 15-25% resinous bitter principles and phloroglucinol derivatives known as alpha acids (humulone, cohumulone, adhumulone, valerianic acid) and beta acids (lupulone, colupulone, adlupulone); condensed tannins and phenolic acids, flavonoid glycosides (astralagin, quercitin, rutin), fats, amino acids, unidentified oestrogenic substances, choline, asparagin. The oil and bitter resins together are known as lupulin.
The oil and the bitter principle combine to make Hops more useful than Chamomile, Gentian or any other bitter in the manufacture of beer: hence the medicinal value of extra-hopped or bitter beer. The tannic acid contained in the strobiles adds to the value of Hops by causing precipitation of vegetable mucilage and consequently the cleansing of beer.
Fresh Hops possess a bitter aromatic taste and a strong characteristic odour. The latter, however, changes and becomes distinctly unpleasant as the Hops are kept. This change is ascribed to oxidation of the soft resin with production of Valerianic acid. On account of the rapid change in the odour of Hops, the recently dried fruits should alone be used: these may be recognized by the characteristic odour and distinctly green colour. Those which have been subjected to the treatment of sulphuring are not to be used in pharmacy. This process is conducted with a view of improving the colour and odour of the Hops, since sulphuric acid is found to retard the production of the Valerianic odour and to both preserve and improve the colour of the Hops.
Lupulin, which consists of the glandular powder present on the seeds and surface of the scales, may be separated by shaking the strobiles. The drug occurs in a granular, brownish-yellow powder, with the strong odour and bitter aromatic taste characteristic of Hops. The glands readily burst on the application of slight pressure and discharge their granular oleo-resinous contents. Commercial Lupulin is often of a very inferior quality, and consists of the sifted sweepings from the floors of hop-kilns. It should contain not more than 40 per cent of matter insoluble in ether and not yield more than 12 per cent of ash on incineration. A dark colour and disagreeable odour indicates an old drug.
The chief constituent of Lupulin is about 3 per cent of volatile oil, which consists chiefly of humulene, together with various oxygenated bodies to which the oil owes its peculiar odour. Other constituents are the two Lupamaric acids, cholene and resin.
Lupulin is official both in the British Pharmacopoeia and the United States Pharmacopoeia.
Phytochemicals from Hops:
Essential Oil:alpha-terpineol;alpha-caryophyllene;allo-cymene;1,2-epi-thiohumulene;2-dodecanone;6-(4-methyl-pent-3-enyl)1,2,3,4-tetrathiacycloct-6-ene;8,9-epi-thiohumulene;5-(4-methyl-5-pent-3-enyl)1,2,3-trithiacyclohept-5-ene;3-methylbutylisobutyrate;4-(4-methyl-pent-3-enyl)1,2-Dithiacyclohex-4-ene;2-methyl-5-pentenylfuran;2-methylbutyl-2-methyl-butyrate;2-methylbutyl-isovalerate;3-(4-methyl-pent-3-enyl)-3-thiophene;3-methyl-but-2-en-1-al;3-methyl-butan-1-ol;3-methyl-butan-2-one;2-methyl-thia-5-hex-2-ene;2-methylbutylheptanoate;2-methylbutylhexanoate;2-methylbutylisobutyrate;2-methylbutylpropionate;2-methylpropyl-2-methyl-butyrate;2-methylpropyl-isobutyrate;2-methylpropylpentenoate;2-nonanon;2-pentadecanone;2-tetradecanon;2-tridecanone;2-undecanone;3'(isoprenyl)-2',4'-dihydroxy-4,6'-dimethoxy.etc.
Fruit:alpha-ylangene;aromadendrine;asparagine;asparaginic-acid;astragalin;beta-alanine;beta-carotene;beta-caryophyllene;beta-cubebene;beta-eudesmol;beta-farnesene;beta-pinene;beta-selinene;beta-selinene-epoxide-I;alpha-eudesmol;alpha-guaiene;alpha-humulene;alpha-muurolene;alpha-pinene;alpha-selinene;alpha-copaene;adhumulone;adlupulone;allo-aromadendrene;alpha-alanine;alpha-amino-adipic-acid;alpha-cadinene;alpha-cadinol;alloaromadendrene-epoxide;12aromadendrine-epoxide;4-deoxyhumulone;4-(4-methyl-pent-3-enyl)3,6-dihydro-1,2-dithiine;2',6'-dimethoxy-4,4'-dihydroxy-chalcone;4,5-epithiocaryophyllene;2,3,4-trithiapentane;2-methyl-but-3-en-2-ol;2-methyl-but-b-eb-2-ol;-chalcone.etc.
Flower:2,2-dimethyl-5-oxo-2,5-dihydro-furan;2-methyl-propan-1-ol;3-methyl-butanoic-acid,etc.
Plant:2,3,5-trithiahexane;4-deoxycohumulone;adhulupone;alpha-coracalene;alpha-cubebene,etc.
Stem:5-alpha-ergostan-3-one;5-alpha-stigmast22-en-3-one;5-alpha-stigmastan-3-one,etc.
Reference:
1.Humulus Lupulus:Hops Applications more than Herb Beers.
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