Research Update:Zizyphus spinosa.

  seminal trace...Semen Ziziphi Spinosae Extract.5:1,10:1.Spine Date Seed.jujuboside A,jujuboside B,betulinic acid,betulin,jujuba flavones.....

 


   Phytochemical info of Semen Ziziphi Spinosae:

 Product Name:
 Synonym:
 Definition:Semen Ziziphi Spinosae are majorly composed of
 Chemical information disclosed as following table:


   Research Update:Zizyphus spinosa

  Comparison of the sedative and hypnotic effects of flavonoids, saponins, and polysaccharides extracted from Semen Ziziphus jujube.:Nat Prod Res. 2007 Apr;21(4):310-20.Jiang JG, Huang XJ, Chen J, Lin QS.College of Food, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China. jgjiang@scut.edu.cn

 Semen Ziziphus jujube (SZJ), the seeds of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. var. spinosa, is a kind of traditional Chinese medicine used for its action on insomnia. In order to analyze the effective component, we investigated and compared the sedative and hypnotic effects of three kinds of compounds, flavonoids, saponins, and polysaccharides. Flavonoids, saponins, and polysaccharides were extracted from SZJ and orally administered to mice separately at 17 g kg(-1) per day for certain days before animal tests. Spontaneous motility and coordinated movement tests were used to observe the effects of the three kinds of compounds on the mouse behavior, and sodium barbital-induced sleeping time of mouse were tested to analyze the effects of the three kinds of compounds on the sleep of mouse. Results show that flavonoids and saponins caused a significant reduction of walking time and coordinated movement ability of mouse, significantly prolonged its sleeping time at 40 mg kg(-1), ip, subthreshold dose and increased the sleeping number of animals at 50 mg kg(-1), ip, superthreshold dose induced by coeliac injection of sodium barbital. Polysaccharides did not show any significance in all animal tests. Comparative analysis showed that saponins had a more effective sedative and hypnotic function than that of flavonoids, polysaccharides did not show a sedative and hypnotic effect.

  Simultaneous determination of saponins and fatty acids in Ziziphus jujuba (Suanzaoren) by high performance liquid chromatography-evaporative light scattering detection and pressurized liquid extraction.:J Chromatogr A. 2006 Mar 10;1108(2):188-94. Epub 2006 Feb 3.Zhao J, Li SP, Yang FQ, Li P, Wang YT.Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau.

 The seed of Ziziphus jujube Mill. var. spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H. F. Chou, Suanzaoren in Chinese, is one of commonly used Chinese medicines. Saponins and fatty oil contains several fatty acids in Suanzaoren are responsible for its therapeutic activities. In this study, a new HPLC coupled with evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD) and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) method was developed for the simultaneous quantitative determination of 11 major components of 2 saponins and 9 fatty acids, namely jujuboside A, jujuboside B, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, arachidic acid and docosanoic acid in Suanzaoren. Simultaneous separation of these eleven compounds was achieved on a C18 analytical column. The mobile phase consisted of (A) 0.1% aqueous acetic acid and (B) methanol with 0.1% acetic acid using a gradient elution. The drift tube temperature of ELSD was set at 75 degrees C, and nitrogen flow-rate was 1.8l/min. All calibration curves showed good linearity (r(2)>0.9955) within test ranges. This method showed good reproducibility for the quantification of these eleven components in Suanzaoren with intra- and inter-day variations of less than 3.41 and 4.37%, respectively. The validated method was successfully applied to quantify 11 investigated components in nine commercial samples of Suanzaoren.

  Protection of NMDA-induced neuronal cell damage by methanol extract of zizyphi spinosi semen in cultured rat cerebellar granule cells.:J Ethnopharmacol. 2004 Nov;95(1):39-45.Park JH, Lee HJ, Koh SB, Ban JY, Seong YH.College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, South Korea.

 Zizypus is one of the herbs widely used in Korea and China due to the CNS calming effect. The present study aims to investigate the effect of the methanol extract of Zizyphi Spinosi Semen (ZSS), the seeds of Zizyphus jujuba Mill var. spinosa, on N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced neurotoxicity in cultured rat cerebellar granule neuron. ZSS, over a concentration range of 0.05-5 microg/ml, inhibited NMDA (1 mM)-induced neuronal cell death, which was measured by a trypan blue exclusion test and a 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. ZSS (0.5 microg/ml) inhibited glutamate release into medium induced by NMDA (1mM), which was measured by HPLC. Pretreatment of ZSS (0.5 microg/ml) inhibited NMDA (1mM)-induced elevation of cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](c)), which was measured by a fluorescent dye, Fura 2-AM, and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These results suggest that ZSS prevents NMDA-induced neuronal cell damage in vitro.


  Determination of jujubaside A in semen ziziphi spinosae by RP-HPLC.:

 Objective: To develop a new method for the determination of Jujubaside A in Semen Ziziphi Spinosae. Method: A RP-HPLC method was set up, using Hypersil-18 column, acetonitrile: water(30:70) as mobile phase with a flow rate of 0.8 ml.min-1. RESULT: The calibration curve was linear in the range of 0.076-0.456 mg. The average recovery was 93.5%. CONCLUSION: The method is appropriate for the determination of Jujubaside A.

  Structure identification of jujuboside D:

 AIM: To study the chemical constituents of Ziziphus jujuba Mill var. Spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex. H. F. Chou. METHODS: To separate the constituents by using various kinds of chromatography and identify their structures on the basis of spectral analysis. RESULTS: Five compounds were isolated and their structures were established as jujuboside D (1), jujuboside A (2), 5,7,4'-trihydroxyflavonol-3-O-beta-D-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3), 6'''-coumaroylspinosin (4) and phenylalanine (5). CONCLUSION: Compound 1 is a new compound named jujuboside D, 4 is reported as rotamer for the first time, 3 and 5 isolated from this plant for the first time.

  Structure identification of jujuboside E:

 AIM: To study the chemical constituents of the seeds of Ziziphus jujuba Mill var. spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex. H.F. Chou. METHODS: To separate the constituents by using various kinds of chromatography methods and identify their structures on the basis of spectral analysis. RESULTS: Seven compounds were isolated. Their structures were established as jujuboside E (1), jujuboside B (2), jujuboside A (3), betulic acid (4), stearic acid (5), sucrose (6) and inosine (7). CONCLUSION: Compound 1 is a new compound named jujuboside E. Compounds 5, 6, 7 were isolated for the first time from this plant.

  Simultaneous determination of saponins and fatty acids in Ziziphus jujuba (Suanzaoren) by high performance liquid chromatography-evaporative light scattering detection and pressurized liquid extraction.:

 The seed of Ziziphus jujube Mill. var. spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H. F. Chou, Suanzaoren in Chinese, is one of commonly used Chinese medicines. Saponins and fatty oil contains several fatty acids in Suanzaoren are responsible for its therapeutic activities. In this study, a new HPLC coupled with evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD) and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) method was developed for the simultaneous quantitative determination of 11 major components of 2 saponins and 9 fatty acids, namely jujuboside A, jujuboside B, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, arachidic acid and docosanoic acid in Suanzaoren. Simultaneous separation of these eleven compounds was achieved on a C18 analytical column. The mobile phase consisted of (A) 0.1% aqueous acetic acid and (B) methanol with 0.1% acetic acid using a gradient elution. The drift tube temperature of ELSD was set at 75 degrees C, and nitrogen flow-rate was 1.8l/min. All calibration curves showed good linearity (r(2)>0.9955) within test ranges. This method showed good reproducibility for the quantification of these eleven components in Suanzaoren with intra- and inter-day variations of less than 3.41 and 4.37%, respectively. The validated method was successfully applied to quantify 11 investigated components in nine commercial samples of Suanzaoren.


  Optimization study on extraction technology of the seed of Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa by orthogonal design with multi-targets:

 Objective: To optimize extraction technology of the seed of Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa with the targets of the total saponin, total jujuboside A and B and total flavonoids. METHOD: In the method of one-way and orthogonal tests, ethanol concentration, amount of ethanol, extraction time and extraction times were the factors in orthogonal test, and each factor with three levels. RESULT: Ethanol concentration and extraction times had significant effect on all the targets, other factors should be selected in accordance with production practice. CONCLUSION: The best extraction technology is to extract for three times with 8 fold ethanol solution (60%), and 1.5 h each time.

  Studies on the extraction and purification of total saponins from Parched Semen Ziziphi Spinosae.:

 Objective: To study the extraction and purification process of the total saponin from Parched Semen Ziziphi Spinosae with ethanol and macroporous resin. Method: The total saponins were extracted with ethanol and purified with macroporous resin by orthogonal design, taking content and purity of jujuboside A as guideline. RESULTS: The optimum extraction condition was adding 6 times amount of 80% ethanol and refluxing 3 times, for 30 minutes each time. The purification process with macroporous resin HPD-100 was using 0.5% NaOH (150ml), 30% ethanol (150ml) to wash out impurity, and 70% ethanol 50 ml to wash out saponin. The purity of jujuboside A was up to 17.9% and the eluted ratio 72.8%.

  Optimization study on extraction technology of the seed of Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa by orthogonal design with multi-targets.:

 Objective: To optimize extraction technology of the seed of Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa with the targets of the total saponin, total jujuboside A and B and total flavonoids. Method: In the method of one-way and orthogonal tests, ethanol concentration, amount of ethanol, extraction time and extraction times were the factors in orthogonal test, and each factor with three levels. RESULT: Ethanol concentration and extraction times had significant effect on all the targets, other factors should be selected in accordance with production practice. CONCLUSION: The best extraction technology is to extract for three times with 8 fold ethanol solution (60%), and 1.5 h each time.

  Activity-guided fractionation of the seeds of Ziziphus jujuba using a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitory assay.:

 Bioactivity-guided fractionation of petroleum ether- and EtOAc-soluble extracts of the seeds of Ziziphus jujuba using a cyclooxygenase-2 assay as a monitor indicated that the triglyceride, 1,3-di-O-[9(Z)-octadecenoyl]-2-O-[9(Z),12(Z)-octadecadienoyl]glycerol (3), and a fatty acid mixture of linoleic, oleic and stearic acids, were the major active components. A new pentacyclic lupane-type triterpene derivative, 3-O-[9(Z)-octadecenoyl]betulinic acid (1), and betulinic acid (2) were also isolated and identified. All isolates as well as pure linoleic, oleic and stearic acids were evaluated for their inhibitory effects against both cyclooxygenases-1 (COX-1) and -2 (COX-2).

  Anti-complementary activity of triterpenoides from fruits of Zizyphus jujuba.:

 In order to determine on the anti-complement activity of triterpenes, following eleven triterpenoides were isolated from the fruits of the Zizyphus jujuba MILL: ceanothane-type triterpenes: colubrinic acid (1), zizyberenalic acid (11); lupane-type triterpenes: alphitolic acid (2), 3-O-cis-p-coumaroyl alphitolic acid (3), 3-O-trans-p-coumaroyl alphitolic acid (4), betulinic acid (7), betulonic acid (9); and oleanane-type triterpenes: 3-O-cis-p-coumaroyl maslinic acid (5), 3-O-trans-p-coumaroyl maslinic acid (6), oleanolic acid (8), oleanonic acid (10). These compounds were examined for their anti-complement activity against the classical pathway of the complement system. Among them, compounds 5, 6, and 8 exhibited significant anti-complement activity with IC(50) values of 101.4, 143.9, and 163.4 microM, respectively, whereas the ceanothane-type and the lupane-type triterpenes were inactive. This suggests that the oleanane-structure plays an important role in inhibiting the hemolytic activity of human serum against erythrocytes.


  Pharmacokinetic study on spinosin in rat plasma after oral administration of suanzaoren extract at a single dose.:

 AIM: To study the pharmacokinetics of spinosin in rat plasma after oral administration of Suanzaoren extract using sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) as internal standard by RP-HPLC method. METHODS: Plasma samples were deproteined with acetonitrile, followed by evaporation of the acetonitrile to dryness. The residual was then resolved in mobile phase and HPLC separation was achieved on a Hypersil C18 (5 microns, 200 mm x 4.6 mm ID) column at 35 degrees C. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-water-acetic acid (15:85:1) at a flow rate of 0.7 mL.min-1. The UV detection wavelength was set at 334 nm. RESULTS: The calibration curve was shown to be linear over the range from 18.1 to 903.5 micrograms.L-1 (r2 > or = 0.995). Mean recovery was 94.5%. Within-day and between-day precisions RSD were less than 9.0%. The limit of quantitation was 18.1 micrograms.L-1. The plasma spinosin was stable at -20 degrees C. CONCLUSION: The simple, sensitive and accurate HPLC method developed has been applied to determine the pharmacokinetics of spinosin in rat plasma after having taken Suanzaoren extract at a single dose.

  Inhibitory effect of jujuboside A on glutamate-mediated excitatory signal pathway in hippocampus.:

 Jujuboside A (JuA) is a main component of jujubogenin extracted from the seed of Ziziphus jujuba Mill var spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H F Chou (Ziziphus), which is widely used in Chinese traditional medicine for the treatment of insomnia and anxiety. Previously, we reported the inhibitory effects of JuA on hippocampal formation in vivo and in vitro, the present study was carried out to examine the effects of JuA on glutamate (Glu)-mediated excitatory signal pathway in hippocampus. Microdialysis coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to monitor the changes of Glu levels in the hippocampus induced by penicillin sodium, or a mixture of penicillin sodium and JuA. The results showed that penicillin increased the hippocampal Glu concentration (p < 0.01) and a high dose of JuA (0.1 g/L) significantly blocked penicillin-induced Glu release (p < 0.05). Moreover, the effect of JuA on intracellular Ca2+ changes after the stimulation by Glu was studied in cultured hippocampal neurons with confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). It was found that Glu (0.5 mM) induced an intracellular [Ca2+]i increase (p < 0.01), and JuA significantly inhibited the Glu-induced Ca2+ increase. The calmodulin (CaM) antagonist trifluoperazine (TFP) showed a similar inhibitory effect as JuA. These observations suggested that JuA has inhibitory effects on Glu-mediated excitatory signal pathway in hippocampus and probably acts through its anti-calmodulin action.

  The inhibitory effects of jujuboside A on rat hippocampus in vivo and in vitro.:

 Jujuboside A (JuA) is a glycoside extracted from the seed of Ziziphus jujuba Mill var. spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H F Chou, a Chinese herbal medicine, which has long been known as a sedative-hypnotic drug. The present study used the method of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) JuA in vivo to detect the effect of JuA on paired-pulse responses of dentate gyrus granule cells in urethane-anaesthetized rats, and the method of hippocampal slice bathing in JuA in vitro to detect the effects of JuA on the responses of CA1 pyramidal cells. The results showed that JuA significantly decreased the slopes of excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) and the amplitudes of population spike (PS) in the first responses of granule cells and significantly decreased EPSP and PS in the responses of CA1 pyramidal cells. The good quantitative correspondence between in vitro and in vivo results indicates that studies using hippocampal formation allow research on the inhibitory effects of JuA in the rat central nervous system (CNS). In conclusion, our study accessed the inhibitory effects of JuA on hippocampal formation in vivo and in vitro, which contributed to the further research on the mechanism of its effects on CNS.

  Bioactive saponins and glycosides. XIV. Structure elucidation and immunological adjuvant activity of novel protojujubogenin type triterpene bisdesmosides, protojujubosides A, B, and B1, from the seeds of Zizyphus jujuba var. spinosa (Zizyphi Spinosi Semen).:

 Following the elucidation of jujubosides A1 and C and acetyljujuboside B, novel protojujubogenin type triterpene bisdesmosides, protojujubosides A, B, and B1, were isolated from Zizyphi Spinosi Semen, the seeds of Zizyphus jujuba Mill. var. spinosa Hu. The structures of protojujubosides A, B, and B1 were determined on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence, which included the conversion of protojujubosides to known jujubosides using enzymatic hydrolysis. Protojujubosides A and jujubosides A, B, and C were found to show potent immunological adjuvant activity.

  Bioactive saponins and glycosides. X. On the constituents of zizyphi spinosi semen, the seeds of Zizyphus jujuba Mill. var. spinosa Hu (1): structures and histamine release-inhibitory effect of jujubosides A1 and C and acetyljujuboside B.:

 New dammarane-type triterpene oligoglycosides, jujubosides A1 and C and acetyljujuboside B1 were isolated from Zizyphi Spinosi Semen, the seeds of Zizyphus jujuba MILL. var. spinosa Hu, together-with three known saponins. The structures of jujubosides A1 and C and acetyljujuboside B were determined on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence. Jujubosides A1 and C and acetyljujuboside B were found to inhibit the histamine release from rat peritoneal exudate cells induced by antigen-antibody-reaction.


  How Search engine think about Jujube:

jujube is slightly sedative and laxative and removes obstructions of the energy flow
jujube is very much like olive
jujube is steamed and pitted
jujube is layered to make a shpae like a small hill
jujube is either a deciduous tree growing to a height of 12 meters or a large shrub
jujube is made for garnish after its seed are
jujube is stewed in sugar or honeydew and then dried over fire
jujube is planted and fructify in the same year
jujube is native from the province of yunnan in southern china to afghanistan
jujube is semi silent on track with a fairly cold nose
jujube is a serious tree dog with one of those chop barks that'll win a treeing contest
jujube is right after the molten liquid is squirted into its mold and before it is placed in the drier rooms
jujube is a dangerous item that makes dentists grin with anticipation
jujube is virtually disease
jujube is the arabic name for this species; ziziphus and jujube have the same root origin common
jujube is a deciduous plant
jujube is too mediocre in quality to compare favorably with our many other superior fresh fruits
jujube is probably better known in florida than the chinese jujube
jujube is a small
jujube is a small dicidous tree that may grow to 30 feet tall
jujube is called byeolcho
jujube is much improved over the indian jujube
jujube is relatively more vulnerable to the weather than other fruits
jujube is a spleen tonic which harmonizes the herbs so they function well together
jujube is a reddish
jujube is a wonderful fruit that is unknown to many growers in the south
jujube is a very correct well put together mare
jujube is selected
jujube is kagok
jujube is enjoyed in many ways
jujube is a nutrient used in foodstuff and chinese medicine processing enterprise
jujube is very strong
jujube is a native jujube handed down from generation to generation
jujube is that it is related to the buckthorns and its pollen
jujube is the material of
jujube is famous for its big size
jujube is popular throughout the world
jujube is not bad for you
jujube is a famous and a popular fruit in asia
jujube is dazao
jujube is one of
jujube is cultivated in the drier parts of china
jujube is the devil herself?
jujube is vacationing*
jujube is a one
jujube is a small tree with angled branches
jujube is introduced dongukyeojiji as sourvenor of boeun
jujube is located on the side of father
jujube is a deciduous tree which bears datelike fruits
jujube is small thinly
jujube is sold to dalian
jujube is drought
jujube is whitish in color and has a sweet to subacid taste
jujube is similar in taste to the apple
jujube is known as the sweet treat that is colorful and lends a playful quality that we think we as a group have
jujube is best used in a multiple formulation
jujube is $9 billion
jujube is used widely for herb medicine
jujube is insect attack on early stages of fruit formation
jujube is not an ingredient in the candy
jujube is the large tree providing shade to the entrance to our shop building on the south side of the nursery parking lot
jujube is well suited
jujube is used to tonify the spleen
jujube is an interesting deciduous tree with spiny
jujube is rather short
jujube is sour
jujube is of full pulp and small kernel
jujube is good for your stomache
jujube is winter hardy
jujube is famous in domestic markets of beijing
jujube is hogging the limelight and is wearing leggings in this picture because she used to get cut up pretty good in crusty snow
jujube is a fruit with many
jujube is one of several thorny trees in rhmnaceae family
jujube is called chinese date
jujube is classified as a nutritive sedative and has been used in asia as a relaxant
jujube is classed with the raisin
jujube is an energy tonic that is said to facilitate the flow of energy throughout the body removing any obstructions to the flow of vital energy
jujube is good for liver
jujube is an edible berry that grows in the tropics
jujube is of full
jujube is either a deciduous
jujube is given to people ailing from poor vision at night or with difficulty urinating
jujube is the place to go for a great selection of unusual costume jewellery


  Scientific References:

  1.Research Update:Zizyphus spinosa.
  2.The Spine Date Seed or Chinese Sleeping Elixir,What is Semen Ziziphi Spinosa?