Astringing the lung to relieve cough, astringing the bowels to stop bowels to stop diarrhea, promoting the production of body fluid to quench thirst, and regulating the stomach to alleviate colic caused by ascariasis. Black Plum has good properties of astringent, stop thirsty, etc.Mainly used for treatment of lung weakness and long cough,dry mouse,annoyed thirst, gallbladder bellyworm, cholecystitis, diarrhea, chronic diarrhea, extra menstrual flow, cancer tumor, psoriasis,Used externally for treatment of helosis,etc.
Latin Name:Fructus Mume
Botanical Source:Smoked Plum is the dried almost ripe fruit of Prunus mume (Sieb.) Sieb.et Zucc. (Fam. Rosaceae).
Common Names:Smoked Plum, Black Plum,wu mei,Smoked plums; Dark plums; Dried plums.WUMEI,Suan Mei,Huang Zai,He Han Mei,Gan Zhi Mei.
English Names:Dark Plum Fruit.
Family:Rosaceae.Genus:Prunus.
Origin:The nearly ripe fruit of Prunus mume Siebold. et Zucc., a deciduous arbor of the family Rosaceae.
Collect:nearly ripe fruit color green collected during May,Dry at low temperature until black appearance.
Habitat:Native to China, the plant is grown in thickets at an altitude of 300 - 2500 metres woodland garden,secondary,sunny edge,dappled shade in China provinces,Mainly origin from Sichuan,ZheJiang,FuJian,HuNan and GuiZhou, widely spread from other provinces such as Shaan Xi,Gan Su,Xinjiang,JiangSu,AnHui,ZheJiang,JiangXi,FuJian,Taiwan,GuangXi,GuangDong,Hunan,SiChuan,GuiZhou,YunNan Province.
What is Blackplum?
Edible Parts: Flowers; Fruit; Seed.
This herb is the smoked unripe fruit (green plum) of Prunus mume (Sieb.) Sieb. et Zucc. (family Rosaceae) which is produced mainly in Zhejiang, Fujian and Yunnan provinces of China. It is collected in summer and baked with mild heat till the pulp looks yellowish brown, and then covered tightly while hot till the pulp looks black. The black plum is dried in the sun after removal of the nucleus and used without further preparation or stir-baked to charcoal.
Physical Characteristics:
A decidious Tree growing to 9m by 6m.It is hardy to zone 6. It is in flower in April, and the seeds ripen from July to August. The flowers are hermaphrodite (have both male and female organs) and are pollinated by Insects.The plant prefers light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils and requires well-drained soil. The plant prefers acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils. It can grow in semi-shade (light woodland) or no shade. It requires moist soil.
In China, black plum is mainly produced in the provinces Zhejiang, Fujian, Yunnan, etc. Picked and harvested when the fruit nearly becomes ripe in summer, the fruit is baked at low heat until dry and covered tightly in a container until its peel is wrinkled and turned black. Core it for use when raw or after being charred.
Smoked Plum:Constituents and Phytochemicals
Composition of Smoked Plum Fruit (Dry weight):Figures in grams (g) or miligrams (mg) per 100g of food:
Smoked Plum mainly contains: citric acid 19%, malic acid 15%,Succinic acid,carbohydrate,beta-sitosterol, wax,Oleanolic Acid. Contains some levels of Hydrocyanic acid when mature. Smoked Plum dry prune contains about citric acid 50%,malic acid 20%,bitter acid with antimicrobial property and increase liver functions, Amygdalin,cetain level of active SOD.
Naringin; Hop-21-ene; Fern-9(11)ene; Fern-7-ene; Filic-3-ene; b-sitosterol; Stigmasterol; Campesterol; Cycloardenyl acetate; Cyclomargenyl acetate; Cyclolaudenyl acetate; 9, 10-cyclo1anost-25-en-3b-yl acetate; Diplopterol; Cyclolaudenol; Cyclomargenol; Cycloaudenone; N-dotriacontanic acid; 25-en-cycloartenol; 25-en-cycloartenone; 5-stigmasten-3-ol; 5-stigmasten-3-one; Neohop-13(18)-ene.
Properties and Actions of Blackplum
Actions of Blackplum:
To arrest persistent cough, to relieve diarrhea by astringing the intestines, to promote the production of body fluid. and to relieve colic caused by ascaris.
Indications: Persistent cough in deficiency syndromes of lung; chronic dysentery and diarrhea; thirst in consumprive discases; colic and vomiting caused by ascaris, biliary ascariasis.
Fruit:raw or cooked. Hard and sour even when fully ripe, it is scarcely edible. It is, however, widely used in the Orient where it is usually pickled and then used as a condiment and a vegetable. This is the umboshi plum that can be found in oriental stores. It is preserved in salt and used as a relish in rice dishes etc. The fruit contains about 0.9% protein, 18.9% carbohydrate, 0.6% ash, no fat. The fruit is about 3cm in diameter and contains one large seed.
The flowers are used as a flavouring in tea.Seed - raw or cooked. Do not eat the seed if it is too bitter - see the notes above on toxicity. Young budlings. No more details are given.
Properties of Blackplum:
It is sour and astringent in flavour,neutral in nature, and tropistic to the liver, lung and large intestine channels.
Flavour and channel tropism: sour in flavour, neutral in property, acting on the liver, spleen, lung and large intestine channels.
Black Plum has good properties of astringent, stop thirsty, etc.Mainly used for treatment of lung weakness and long cough,dry mouse,annoyed thirst, gallbladder bellyworm, cholecystitis, diarrhea, chronic diarrhea, extra menstrual flow, cancer tumor, psoriasis,Used externally for treatment of helosis,etc.
Black Plume contains considerable amount of phyto acid and easily absorbed by blood and functions good for anti-aging, the phyto acid also exibit strong effects to kill the harmful bacteria in the stomach.
Antibacterial; Antipyretic; Antispasmodic; Astringent; Carminative; Cholagogue; Febrifuge; Pectoral; Sialagogue; Vermifuge.
The unripe fruit is antibacterial, antipyretic, antispasmodic, astringent, carminative, cholagogue, pectoral, sialagogue and vermifuge.
The fruit has a broad-spectrum antibacterial activity.
Cooling and refreshing, it is mixed with other herbs and used internally in the treatment of bronchitis, chronic coughs, chronic diarrhoea and roundworms.
The fruit is also used in the treatment of diarrhoea and dysentery, to stop bleeding and to ease coughs.
Externally, it is applied to fungal skin infections, corns and warts.
The half-ripe smoked fruit is considered to be antispasmodic, carminative and febrifuge.
Although no specific mention has been seen for this species, all members of the genus contain amygdalin and prunasin,substances which break down in water to form hydrocyanic acid (cyanide or prussic acid). In small amounts this exceedingly poisonous compound stimulates respiration, improves digestion and gives a sense of well-being.
Other Uses.Dye:A green dye can be obtained from the leaves.A dark grey to green dye can be obtained from the fruit.
Effects,Uses and Applications:
Astringing the lung to relieve cough, astringing the bowels to stop bowels to stop diarrhea, promoting the production of body fluid to quench thirst, and regulating the stomach to alleviate colic caused by ascariasis.
1.Treats prolonged coughing with scanty phlegm or dry coughing without phlegm due to deficiency of the lungs:
To relieve protracted cough due to deficiency of the lung, it is often used with poppy capsule, pinellia tuber, bitter apricot kernel and donkey-hide gelatin, as in Only One Dose Powder (Yifu San).Sour and astringent in taste, smoked plum can astringe the lungs to arrest coughing.This herb is often used together with poppy shell (Pericarpium Papaveris), apricot kernel, etc., e.g., Yifu San.
2.To treats prolonged diarrhea or prolonged dysentery:
To arrest chronic diarrhea and dysentery, it is often used with nutmeg, dangshen and chebula fruit, as in Pill for Reinforcing the Intestines (Gchang Wan).This herb can astringe the intestines to arrest diarrhea or dysentery. This herb is often used together with poppy shell (Pericarpium Papaveris), myrobalan fruit (Fructus Chebulae), etc., e.g., Guchang Wan.
3.For the treatment of diabetes due to heat of deficiency type:
It is often used with trichosanthes root, ophiopogonroot and gin seng , as in Jade Spring Pill (Yuquan Wan).
4.Treats colic and vomiting caused by ascarids with cold limbs, abdominal pain caused by ascarods:
To relieve abdominal colic and vomiting caused by ascariasis, it is often used with asarum, prickly-ash peel, dried ginger and coptis root, as in Black Plum Bolus (Wumei Wan). This herb also has hemostatic function and can be used in treating hemafecia, hematuria, metrorrhagia and metrostaxis; used externally, it can subdue swellings and cure ophthalmic pterygium.
Ascarids are promptly vanquished by an acid. Being extremely acidic, this herb can relieve colic caused by ascarids to relieve pain and normalize the functioning of the stomach to arrest vomiting.It is often used together with wild ginger (Herba Asari), zanthoxylum, Chinese goldthread rhizome (Rhizoma Coptidis), monkshood root (Radix Aconiti), etc., e.g., Wumei Wan.
5.Treats diabetes with fever of the deficiency type:
Sour in taste and secretion-promoting in property, this herb can promote the production of body fluid to quench thirst.It can be decocted alone for oral administration or used together with Chinese trichosanthes root (Radix Trichosanthis), ophiopogon root, ginseng, etc., e.g., Yu Quan San.
6.Miscellaneous:
In addition, the herb can also arrest bleeding when taken orally, so it is used for the treatment of metrorrhagia and metrostaxis and hematochezia. It can relieve ulcers with pyogenic infections when used externally and it is employed for the treatment of protrusion of pterygium.
7.Medicinal use in TCM:
In traditional Chinese medicine, the smoked fruits, called wumei, is used for medicinal purposes. They are generally black in color and are believed to be effective against parasites, as well as in stopping ulcers and promoting a strong digestive system and heart.
8.Culinary use:
Ume juice is extracted by preserving the fruits in sugar. In China, sour plum juice (Pinyin:SuanMeiTang) is made from smoked ume. It ranges from light pinkish orange to purplish black in color and often has a smoky and slightly salty taste. It is traditionally flavoured with sweet osmanthus flowers, and is enjoyed chilled, usually in summer. The juice produced and made from green ume, tastes sweet and acidic, and is considered a refreshing drink, also often enjoyed in the summer. In Korea, maesil juice, which is marketed as a healthful tonic, is enjoying increasing popularity. It is commercially available in glass jars in sweetened, concentrated syrup form; it is reconstituted by stirring a small amount of syrup into a glass of water. The syrup may also be prepared at home by storing one part fresh maesil in a container with one part sugar (but no water).
Huamei (Pinyin: HuaMei; literally "talk plum"), or Chinese preserved plum, refers to any of a large number of Chinese foods involving plums pickled in sugar, salt, and herbs such as licorice. There are two general varieties: a dried variety, and a wet (pickled) variety. However, flavours and methods of preparation differ widely by region. Huamei are usually consumed as a snack.
A thick, sweet Chinese sauce called mei jiang or meizi jiang, usually translated as "plum sauce" is also made from ume, along with other ingredients such as sugar, vinegar, salt, ginger, chili, and garlic. Similar to duck sauce, it is used as a condiment for various Chinese dishes, including poultry dishes and egg rolls.
Pharmacology and clinical study:
1.AntiMicrobial and Inhibition of pathogenic bacteria:Anti-microorganism effect
Experiment proved:Water decoction of black plume(1:1) exibit strong inhibition effects to following bacteria: Bacillus anthracis,Diphtheria,diphtheroid bacilli, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, pneunococcus bacteria,colon bacteria,S.Sonnei,Proteus,S. typhimurium,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,V.cholera,.50%Decoction show strongest inhibition on bordetella pertussis and meningococcus,show middling inhibition on pneunococcus bacteria and hemolytic streptococcus,Bacillus tuberculosis bovis and Corynebacterium diphtheriae, but no inhibitions on hemophilus influenzae and streptococcus viridans.10% decoction show inhibition on colon bacteria and Staphylococcus.Alcoholic decoction of black plume show strong inhibition on gram-positive or gram-negative bacteria.Black Plume powder shows strong inhibition on surfaces to Staphylococcus albus,Bacillus subtilis,colon bacteria and Salmonella. Tincture 1:80 could be applied to inhibit the growth of Pasteurella.Experiment proved that water decoction of black plume shows strong inhibition on pathogens such as Trichophyton mentagrophytes,Microsporum gypseum,Epidermophyton floccosum,at different concentration 1:160,1:320,1:480.
In-vitro experiments show that both Wu Mei decoction and Wu Mei extract have an inhibitory effect on a number of bacteria, including meningococcus, cryptocuccus, hemophilus pertussis, typhoid bacillus, paratyphoid bacillus, bacillus anthracis, colibacillus (strong inhibitory effect); hemolytic streptococci A and B, pneumococci (moderate inhibitory effect).
2.Effects on lumbrici:
Experiments show that Wu Mei excites lumbrici, and causes them to retreat.
3.Effects on smooth muscles:
100% Wu Mei solution has an inhibitory effect on isolated rabbit intestines, and relaxes Oddi's sphincter. Wu Mei also increases bile secretion, and renders the bile acidic. Furthermore, experiments show that Wu Mei promotes gallbladder contraction, makes it easier for bile to move along in the biliary tract, thus decreasing the chance of, and even preventing biliary tract infection and cholelithiasis. Using B-model ultrasound scanning, it is measured that 50 grams of Wu Mei in decoction can contract a healthy person's gallbladder by about 35%.
4.Treat bacillary dysentery:
Black plume 18 grams crashed into powder,combined Rhizoma Cyperi 12 grams,water 150 mls,slow fire decot, filtrate until liquid concentrate to 50 mls, take orally twice morning and night,.Treat 50 patients,48 cured. Stool come to normal in 1~5 days after given to this decoction,sick effects such as fever,sick and spew,bellyache, disaapear in 1~3 days, cured in 2 to 6 days. No toxic effects showed during treatment,large dose for individual brings short period.
5.Treat psoriasis:
2.5kgs black plume,decoction,get out kernel and concentrate into 0.5kgs paste, orally dose half soup spoon(about 15grams),3 times daily,treat 12 patients,period 12~37 days,cured 5,better conditions 4.
6.Treat bellyworm:
Experiment proved:5% black plume solution showed strong inhibition on activity of bellyworm,,30% black plume solution stop activity of bellyworm.Other experiment showed black plume has exciting and regressive functions to bellyworm.
Black plume has constriction on gall bladder,prompt bile,its combinations could be used to treat gallbladder bellyworm.
7.Treat ancylostomiasis:
Take black plume 25grams to 50grams,add water 500 mls,boil and concentrate to 120 mls,take orally morning before breakfast,second dose at afternoon.Or get away shells,slow fire bake dry then powder, add water and made to pills, take 5 to 10 grams 3 times daily,before food,.Treat 20 cases,periods from 5 days to 23 days,stool inspection for ancylostomiasis egg resulted 14 cases nagative,6 cases positive,and the result and effects of decoction of black plume better than plume pills from clinical observation.
8. Functions on smooth muscle:
100% black plume decoction or combinations with Radix Saposhnikoviae Divaricatae,licorice root,Radix Stellariae and Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis show inhibition effects on Rabbits' Isolate Intestine, relax effects on Oddi's Sphincter.
9.Prompt Gallbladder:
Experiment proved:Black plume decoction prompt the shrink of gallbladder and benefit the gallbladder,prompt bile,reduce and prevent infection of gallbladder,reduce the chances of bellyworm staying in gallbladder to form gallstone core,so reduce the chances of gallstone cases,large dose proved stronger effects of above mentioned,but combinations exibit stronger effects than single black plume,that means black plume shows cooperative effects on the gallbladder with other herbs.Black Plume Speed and prompt bile secretion and make the bile tend to be acidity.
10. Anti-Allergy:
Decoction of black plume(1:1) and its combinations could reduce the death ratio of guinea pig. The desensitize effects of black plume is said for its normal stimulation increase the amount of free antibody,and neutralize the allergen invaded.
11.Immune Functions:
Experiment proved:Experiments show that Wu Mei enhances immunity, inhibits JTC26 (with a 90% inhibition rate), and promotes digestion.Black plume show strong inhibition on human endometrial carcinoma cell line JTC-26 at confirmed ratio no less than 90%.Black plume proved to have property of boosting immune system from mice immunity special rose flower experiment.
Anti-stress,Reduce fatigue: Citric acid in dry black plume plays strong functions on the energy conversion inside body,make the effects of glucose 10 times stronger,so released more energy and reduce fatigue.
Anti-aging,anti-radiation: Black plume can drive out 90Sr out off,and this brings its property of anti radiation,Dry black plume prompt saliva gland secretion,thus increase parotid hormone,and this parotid hormone plays anti aging effects on blood vessels and body tissues.
Anti-fatigue, anti-radiation, and anti-aging effects: Wu Mei contains a large quantity of citric acid, an indispensable substance for energy conversion to take place in the human body. The presence of citric acid increases the efficacy of glucose by as much as ten-fold, releasing more energy to fight fatigue. Wu Mei also expedites the body's discharge of 90Sr, a radioactive substance, thus achieving an anti-radiation effect. Furthermore, Wu Mei increases salivary gland's secretion of parotin, promotes skin metabolism, and enhances the activity of hormone secretions, all working toward the end of delaying the aging process.
Skin beauty: Black plume prompt skin metabolism so has property of beautify skin and hair;and its vivid activity of hormone secretion prompting property brings anti-aging effects.
Secretion prompt: Black plume make good appetite,prompt digest,stimulate salvia gland and stomach secretion,prompt intestines wriggling,decrease inflammation.
Reference Materials:
Supplement to the Compendium of Materia Medica: "Diarrhea or dysentery due to deficiency of the intestines. This herb is ground into powder and taken with boiled soup."
The Compendium of Materia Medica: "Astringing the lungs to remove fire, removing gastrointestinal fluid retention, arresting coughing, treating conjunctival congestion with marginal blepharitis, relieving pyogenic infections, astringing ulcers and incised wounds and restoring a prolapsed anus and uterus. Sour and salty in taste, this herb can astringe the lungs, arrest bleeding, resolve phlegm, quench thirst and astringe sweating. Cold in nature, it can resolve pyogenic infections due to toxic heat. Astringing in property, it can relieve watery diarrhea or dysentery.""Treats diabetes, night sweat, vomiting, loss of blood, prolonged dysentery and inflammation of the throat."
Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing: "Mei,wood similar as apricot,white bloom spring beginning,clear and fragrant,leaf spring out the day flower withered,fruit shapes as peas Feb,tasty and sour,people all like it,collect the nearly mature fruit with size bigger than apricot fruit,dry grass fire and smoke it till dark black so named black plume,another type by salt water dry in sun named white plume."
Ben Jing: "Leave off Qi,get rid of heat and peace mind,stop limb pain,numb,dead muscle,get rid of black naevi,erode bad flesh."
Ben Cao Gang Mu: "Restrain lung and astringent intestines,stop chronic cough and diarrhea, nausea and choke midriff,drive away bellyworm."
Ben Jing Feng Yuan: "Black plume sour and astringent,benefit spirit and boost appetite,Restrain lung and astringent intestines,stop vomit and sweat,calm asthma and drive away bellyworm,...applied to blood diarrhea nowadays,...for worst cases,black plume fire and powder into rice water decoction,take some and it stopped gradually,for bad sore,fire black plume and powder,sore disappear in days,thus is the prove of erode bad flesh which according to Ben Jing."
Bie Lu: "Stop diarrhea,boost saliva and stop thirsty.""Benefit muscle and blood,drive away numbness."
Tao Hong Jing: "To treat typhoid fever and fever,water decoction black plume and drink functions good."
Meng Xian: "Stoll obstructed,no spirit,10 grains of black plume,pour in soup,get rid of kernel,concentrate and pressed into pills size like jujube fruit,take with water,stool normal very soon,water decoction with honey and prove stop thirsty. Applied to cholera,mood tension,diarrhea and malaria."
Ben Cao Shi Yi: "expectorant,mainly used for malaria and miasma,stop thirsty,treat fever and diarrhea,stop vomit."
Ri Hua Zi Ben Cao: "Anti Stress,cure bone sick,easy irritancy,benefit intestine stop diarrhea,detoxify wine poison, cure skin anesthesia,get rid of macula,calm dreams,combined with tea and ginger,stop diarrhea."
Ben Cao Tu Jing: "Main for wound cold fever and cholera and thirsty, weakness and lean, used in combinations"
Yong Yao xin Fa: "Control lung Qi"
Gang Mu: "Astringent for lung and benefit intestines,treat for chronic cough,rush down, choke and midriff, bellyworm and vomit, detumescence, surge sputum,kill bug, detoxifying fish poison,horse sweat poison,brimstone poison."
Ben Cao Qiu Yuan: "Treat for thin blood,down blood,and other blood disease,night sweat,mouth and pharynx dry."
Administrations and Suggestions:
Dosage & Administration:3-10g (boiled in water for oral use).30 g. for large dosage.
Decoct for oral administration:Use an adequate amount externally by mashing the herb or charring it and grinding it into powder for external application. It should be charred to arrest diarrhea and bleeding.
Cautions on Use:
Contraindication: Patients with excessive pathogenic factors.
This herb should be avoided by anyone who is attacked by pathogens on the exterior or who has an accumulation of heat of the excess type in the exterior.
Although no specific mention of toxicity has been seen for this species, it belongs to a genus where most, if not all members of the genus produce hydrogen cyanide, a poison that gives almonds their characteristic flavor. This toxin is found mainly in the leaves and seed and is readily detected by its bitter taste. It is usually present in too small a quantity to do any harm but any very bitter seed or fruit should not be eaten.
In small quantities, hydrogen cyanide has been shown to stimulate respiration and improve digestion, it is also claimed to be of benefit in the treatment of cancer. In excess, however, it can cause respiratory failure and even death.
Blackplum has a strong astringent action, so it should not be prescribed to patients with residual pathogenic factors in the exterior and heat of excessive type and stagnancy in the interior.
Scientific References:
1.Blackplum.fruit with strong astringent action.
Claims & Warning:
Claims: Information this web site presented is meant for Nutritional Benefit and as an educational starting point only, for use in maintenance and promotion good health in cooperation with a common knowledge base reference...Furthermore,it based solely on the traditional and historic use or legend of a given herb from the garden of Adonis. Although every effort has been made to ensure its accurate, please note that some info may be outdated by more recent scientific developments......
Pharmakon Warning: The order of knowledge is not the transparent order of forms and ideas,as one might be tempted retrospectively to interpret it; it is the antidote....(Dissemination,Plato's Pharmacy,II.The Ingredients:Phantasms,Festivals,and Paints;138cf. Jacques Derrida.).
And as it happens,the technique of imitation,along with the production of the simulacrum,has always been in Plato's eyes manifestly magical,thaumaturgical:......and the same things appear bent and straight to those who view them in water and out,or concave and convex,owing to similar errors of vision about colors, and there is obviously every confusion of this sort in our souls.And so scene painting (skiagraphia) in its exploitation of this weakness of four nature falls nothing short of witchcraft (thaumatopoia), and so do jugglery and many other such contrivances.(Republic X,602c-d;cf.also 607c).
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Serie No.:R035.Basic Data Sheet Download
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seminal trace...Smoked Plum extract.Plum extract.Prunus murne Extract.CAS.NO.090082-87-4.94279-95-5.Extract of plum.Black Plume extract.Plume Berry extract.Prunus Africana Extract.ext....
Physical Characteristics:
Anti-stress,Reduce fatigue: Citric acid in dry black plume plays strong functions on the energy conversion inside body,make the effects of glucose 10 times stronger,so released more energy and reduce fatigue.
Scientific References:
Claims & Warning:
