Reishi mushroom Ganoderma lucidum,Marvelous Lucky Fungus from Orient World.

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 Ganoderma lucidum:the Reishi mushroom botanical information.
 What is Reishi and Varieties?What is Reishi Mushroom Extract?
 Ganoderma lucidum:Constituents and Phytochemicals
 Mechanism of Action:How it Works and Medical Properties.
 History and Fame of Reishi Mushroom:
 The Most Common Uses of Reishi Mushrooms:
 Benefits of Reishi Mushrooms:System Class and Alphabetic Order.
 Applications and Benefit Note On Ganoderma lucidum:Reishi Mushroom
 Ganoderma lucidum or Reishi Mushroom as King of Health Foods:
 Suggestions and Administrations:
 Ganoderma lucidum Pharmacology & Application:
 Ganoderma lucidum:Research update.

   

   Ganoderma lucidum:the Reishi mushroom botanical information.

 Official Latin Name: Ganoderma lucidum
 Biological Scientific Name:Ganoderma lucidum
 Common Names:Ling zhi, ling chi, lin zi,Chi Zhi,Zi Zhi,mushroom of immortality,Lucky Fungus,Marvelous herb,Mushroom of Immortality,Reishi, Reishi Mushroom,Trutovik varnished; sacred mushroom,Lin-zhi, Lin Chi.
 Botanical Source:The fruiting body of Ganoderma lucidum (Leyss. ex Fr.) Karst. (Fam. Poloporaceae). Commonly known as 'Chizhi' (Red Glossy Ganoderma).

 Parts Used: The fruiting body of the mushroom

 Harvest & Processing:Collect fruiting bodies in autumn; remove soil, sand and other foreign matter; dry in shaded areas or under the sun.

 The whole plant of Ganoderma lucidum (Leyss. ex. Fr.) Karst.(Chi Zhi), or Ganoderma japonicum (Fr.) Lioyd(Zi Zhi), of the family Ganodermataceae. Synonyms Polyporus lucidum Leyss. Fr., or Ganoderma lucidum (Curt. Fr.) P. Karst. Native to north Asia, lingzhi grows in densely wooded mountains of high humidity and dim lighting in China. It is rarely found since it flourishes mainly on the dried trunks of dead maples and other decaying hardwoods, rather than on conifers. Out of 10,000 such aged trees on the whole hill, perhaps 2 or 3 will have lingzhi growth, therefore it is very scarce indeed. Lingzhi is now widely cultivated for medicinal purposes, though wild specimens are preferred.

 Distribution: Reishi mushrooms grow wild on decaying logs and tree stumps in the coastal provinces of China. The fruiting body of the mushroom is employed medicinally. Reishi occurs in six different colors, but the red variety is most commonly used and commercially cultivated in North America, China, Taiwan.Lingzhi can be gathered throughout the year. The good ones are those with large umbrella, rich in gloss, with a strong bitter taste. It is used after cleaning and drying.Mainly in Chinese provinces such as Hebei, Shanxi, Jiangxi and Guangxi, and in eastern and southwestern China. Mostly cultivated.

 

   What is Reishi and Varieties?What is Reishi Mushroom Extract?

 Reishi is the name for Ganoderma Lucidum. or Lingzhi in Chinese.

 Ganoderma Lucidum is a mushroom, a higher order organism of the world of fungus. It belongs to the Polypore group. Umbrella-shaped, with a semicircular, reniform (kidney-shaped) or suborbicular (almost round) pileus 10-18 cm wide and 1-2 cm thick. Epicutis hard, dull yellowish-brown to dull reddish-brown, lustrous, marked with annular (ring-like) ridges and radial wrinkles; margin thin and truncate (squared as if cut off), often slightly involute (with margin rolling inwards). Gills on the underside of pileus white to light brown, consisting of innumerable tubules. Stipe lateral (borne on or at the side); 7-15 cm long, 1-3.5 cm in diameter; dull reddish-brown to dull purplish-brown; lustrous. Numerous minute, dull yellowish-brown spores in tubules. Odour: slightly fragrant; taste: bitter-astringent.

 Lingzhi is a hard, polypore and mildly bitter mushroom. Polypores are conspicuous mushrooms that grow off the sides of trees. The actual mushroom organism, or mycelium, is a network of the threadlike filaments that originates from spores. The mycelium spreads throughout the nutrient base or substrate, amassing nutrients as it grows. They live in soil, logs and other organic trash. As long as nutrients are available, the mycelium can be considered perennial and will live for many years. At least once a year, mushrooms emerge from the mycelial network. As the reproductive organ of the fungus, mushrooms are the means by which spores are created and spread.

 Unlike green plants, which produce many of their own nutrients by photosynthesis, mushrooms primarily get their nutrients from dead organic matter or soil. Mushrooms and their mycelium are nature's original recyclers. Without them, the planet surface would be piled high with dead, decaying material.

 Mushrooms rise out of the mycelium when the right nutrients are amassed and the right environmental conditions are present. Mushrooms release spores at maturity. The wind spreads them and when they land on the right spot, the cycle starts over again.

 "Polypores, commonly known as bracket or shelf fungi, are conspicuous mushrooms that grow off the sides of trees. On a walk through the forest one can commonly see many such bracket mushrooms."
 "What is not readily visible to us however is the actual mushroom organism, or mycelium. Just as an apple is the fruit of an apple tree, so too is a mushroom the fruit body of a mycelial "tree". Mycelium is a network of the threadlike filaments that originates from spores. The mycelium spreads throughout the nutrient base or substrate, amassing nutrients as it grows. As long as environmental conditions are right, the mycelium will continue to grow and propagate until it exhausts the available nutrients."
 "As long as nutrients are available, the mycelium can be considered perennial and will live for many years. At least once a year, mushrooms emerge from the mycelial network. As the reproductive organ of the fungus, mushrooms are the means by which spores are created and spread."
 

  Varieties and Habitat:

 Ganoderma lucidum generally occurs in two growth forms, one, found in North America, is sessile and rather large with only a small or no stalk, while the other is smaller and has a long, narrow stalk, and is found mainly in the tropics.
 However, many growth forms exist that are intermediate to the two types, or even exhibit very unusual morphologies,raising the possibility that they are separate species. Environmental conditions also play a substantial role in the different morphological characteristics lingzhi can exhibit. For example, elevated carbon dioxide levels result in stem elongation in lingzhi. Other forms show "antlers', without a cap and these may be affected by carbon dioxide levels as well.

 According to The Chinese Herbal Materia Medica, lingzhi may be classified into six categories according to their shapes and colors, each of which is believed to nourish a different part of the body.

 Red - heart  Purple - joints  Green - liver
 White - lungs and skin  Yellow - spleen  Black - kidneys and brain

 From a single species, Ganoderma lucidum (red lingzhi), all six colors could be grown by varying the temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide content, and the available nutrients. The six types of lingzhi are thus shown to be one species.

 In China, a total output of lingzhi harvest reaches up to 3,000 tons. They are mainly planted in about 10 regions. Ganoderma lucidum are produced mainly in places such as Hebei, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Anhui, Jiangsu and Taiwan; while Ganoderma japonicum are cultivated in Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hunan, Guangxi, Fujian and Guangdong. Lingzhi can be planted in logs or vinyl bags. The vinyl bags method is preferred in regions producing large volumes (over 1,000 tons annually); logs method can be found in Changchun and Chengdu. These two cities have set up cooperative programs for cultivating lingzhi. In addition, attempts are being made to obtain useful mycelial content or to produce effective substances into a medium by means of solid or liquid culture of the mycelia. Most of medicinal ingredients of lingzhi are contained in its pileus (hymenophore).

 

  What is the difference between black Reishi and red Reishi?

 Only six kinds of Reishi have been studied in greater detail to uncover potential health benefits ¨C red, black, blue, white, yellow and purple Reishi. Of these six types, black and red Reishi have demonstrated the most significant health-enhancing effects, and both are therefore widely used in the global health supplement market today. However, red Reishi has been proven to be the most effective in improving one's overall health by enhancing the immune system, many bodily functions, and vital organs. Black Reishi (Ganoderma sinensis), is fairly common and can be found in most Chinese herbal shops. This species of Ganoderma tends to be unevenly shaped and can measure up to ten inches in diameter, although most mature specimens are about six inches in diameter. The majority of Reishi products that claim to be using "wild". Reishi generally use black Reishi. While it still possesses some value as a moderate herbal tonic, black Reishi is considered to be inferior to red Reishi because of its lower polysaccharide content.

 Reishi Mushroom is also known by the name Lucky Fungus. Reishi Mushrooms grow wild on decaying logs and tree stumps in the coastal provinces of China. The fruiting body of the mushroom is employed medicinally. Reishi occurs in six different colors, but the red variety is most commonly used and commercially cultivated in China. The Latin word lucidum means "shiny" or "brilliant", and refers to the varnished surface of Reishi's cap, which is reddish orange to black. In China, 99% of Reishi growing in the wild are found on old plum trees, and wild Reishi Mushrooms are rare. In the Taoist tradition, Reishi is said to enhance spiritual receptivity. It was used by monks to calm the spirit and mind. It is also considered a symbol of feminine sexuality. Reishi has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for more than 4,000 years to treat liver disorders, hypertension, arthritis, and other ailments.

 

  What is Reishi Mushroom Extract?

 Simply, it is the extract of the mushroom, Ganoderma lucidum, also called "reishi" or "ling zhi" in china. Ling zhi means "spirit plant", and in TCM (Traditional Chinese Medicine) this mushroom is considered to be of the highest class of tonics. In the Orient this mushroom has a 4,000 year history for use in an unusually wide range of ailments, but is particularly renowned for its use in hepatitis and other diseases of the liver and for promoting longevity. Of all the diseases reishi is reputed to treat, we will mention only the applications we feel are best documented; volumes have been written on this medicinal.

 Reishi Mushroom, also known as Ling-Zhi (Chinese), has shown in recent studies to be helpful for treating high cholesterol, normalizing blood pressure, regulating circulatory system and help cure on allergies. Reishi mushroom contains a high amount of polysaccharides which are essential for proper functioning of the immune system.

 Reishi Mushroom is used as a tonic and a sedative. It has been useful in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, diabetes, liver disorders, hypertension, arthritis, and nervous exhaustion. It has a strong antihistamine action that can help control allergies. Reishi Mushroom has also been shown to lower cholesterol, prevent blood clots, and increase the body's ability to fight unwanted invaders.

 Mushrooms have long been treated much like herbs in China, and have been used for many health purposes. Nutrition researchers have chemically analyzed some of these mushrooms and determined that they contain unique nutrients and compounds not found in other plants. As research continues, the virtue of mushrooms, such as Reishi Mushroom, grows stronger throughout the world.
 


  How is Reishi Essence extract different from Reishi it its raw form?

 The nutritional value of Reishi in its raw form is low without further processing. It is difficult for the body to absorb the active ingredients of Reishi without further processing. Traditionally, dried Red Reishi was cut into slices and boiled in hot water and then drunk in a tea/soup in order to properly digest the active ingredients. Now manufacturers of Reishi products use a refined and labour-intensive processing technique where raw Reishi is boiled multiple times at a high pressure and sanitary environment to properly extract the nutritional essence of Reishi. The majority of the Reishi products in the market place are made with the pulverized powder from the Reishi fruit body which is not refined further to produce the extracted essence powder. This process seriously impedes the ability for the human body to absorb it, thus lowering the medicinal value of the product.

 Modern bio-engineering technology has made lingzhi available to the general public in large quantities. The quality can be carefully controlled by providing the best conditions and sufficient nutrients. Further investigations have discovered that the largest amount of active ingredients exist in the mycelium, and that the mycelium is more digestible. The extraction process can be timed at the precise stage when the mycelium contains the largest amount of active ingredients. Fresh mycelium is available, and there is no chance for mistaken identity. Without the obstacles of the fibers, the extraction is more complete and the extract is more digestible. Therefore, the latest research on the medicinal properties of lingzhi are done on the mycelial extracts.

 

   Ganoderma lucidum:Constituents and Phytochemicals

  General Analysis:

 Water 6.9% - Protein 26.4% - Fat 4.5% - Food Fiber 0.1% Ash 19.0% - Carbohydrate 43.1%
 Inorganic Matter: Calcium 832 mg/100 g,Phosphorus 4,150 mg/100 g,Iron 82.6 mg/100 g,Magnesium 1,030 mg/100 g,Natrium 375 mg/100 g,Potassium 3,590 mg/100 g,
 Vitamins:Vitamin B1 3.49 mg/100 g,Vitamin B2 17.10 mg/100 g,Vitamin B6 0.71 mg/100 g,Choline 1,150 mg/100 g ,Niacin 61.9 mg/100 g,Inositol 307 mg/100 g,Polysaccharide 11.4%

  Reishi mushrooms:Phytochemicals

 Red Reishi is primarily composed of complex carbohydrates called water-soluble high molecular weight Polysaccharides, triterpeniods,Organic Germanium,Adenosine,proteins, amino acids and Vitamins:
 Polysaccharides: Beta-D-glucan polysaccharides(beta-glucan polysaccharides)
 Sterols: Ergosterol
 Fungal lysozyme
 Proteinase
 Triterpenes: Ganoderic acids
 Other constiuents: Riboflavin, ascorbic acid, and amino acids,Lipids,Alkaloids,Glucosides,Coumarins,Volatile oil.

  Key Phytochemicals:

 Beta and hetero-Beta-glucans (antitumour, immunostimulating).
 Ling Zhi-8 protein (anti-allergenic, immuno-modulating).LZ-8, an immunomodulating protein which significantly reduces but doesn't entirely shut down antibody production.
 Ganodermic acids:triterpenes (anti-allergenic agents, cholesterol and blood pressure reducing).
 Higher level of the RNA which disrupts viral diseases by inducing interferon production.
 Oleic Acid, an inhibitor of histamine release
 Cyclooctasulfur, a strong inhibitor of histamine release

 Researchers have identified that water-soluble polysaccharides are the most active element found in Red Reishi that have anti-tumour, immune modulating and blood pressure lowering effects. Another major active ingredient are triterpenes, called ganoderic acids. Preliminary studies have indicated that ganoderic acids help alleviate common allergies by inhibiting histamine release, improve oxygen utilization and improve liver functions.
 

 Reishi contains several constituents, including sterols, coumarin, mannitol, polysaccharides, and triterpenoids called ganoderic acids. Ganoderic acids seem to help lower blood pressure as well as decrease low density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglyceride levels. These specific triterpenoids also help to reduce blood platelets from sticking together an important factor in lowering the risk for coronary artery disease.

 Reishi contains sterols, coumarin, mannitol, alkaloids polysaccharides, mannitol lactones, organic germanium, adenosine, amino acids, and triterpenoids called ganoderic acids. Reishi also contains ergosterols, complete proteins, unsaturated fatty acids, vitamins and minerals. Reishi is the only known source of a group of triterpenes known as ganoderic acids, which have a molecular structure similar to steroid hormones. It has the most active polysaccharides among medicinal plant sources. Ganoderic acids may lower blood pressure ands decrease LDL cholesterol.

 Ganoderma Spores powder contains 13 kinds of amino acids:arginine,tryptophan,D-asparagic acid,glycin,L-Alanine,L-Threonine,L-Serine,Glutamic acid,Proline and small amount of Methionine,Leucine,Tyrosine,Phenylalanine.Other chemicals including Mannitol,Mannitol-alpha,Alpha-Trehalose,Stearic acid,Palmitic Acid,lignoceric acid(CH3(CH2)22COOH),n-nonadecanoic acid,Behenic acid,Tetracosanol,Hentriacontane and Choline,lycine.Calcium,Magnesium,Sodium,Manganese,Iron,Zinc,Copper and Sulfur.Phosphatidylethanol-amines,phosphatidylcholine.

 

  Polysaccharides from Reishi Mushroom:

 One focus for future research is on Reishi spore extracts. In China, it has been used in injectable form in clinical treatments of various ailments with success. One of the things it has successfully treated is low energy, and debilitation following long illness.

 Ganoderma contains several kinds of polysaccharides: one water soluble polysaccharides with anti-tumore properties GL-1,composed of Glucose,xylose and Arabinose at mol ratio of 18.8:1.5:1.0,comparative molecular weight about 40000.Also contains other polysaccharides with property of blood sugar lowering,Polysaccharides A,Polysaccharides B,Polysaccharides C,with comparative molecular weight 23000,74000 and 58000 accordingly,all of them contains one peptide, peptide of Polysaccharides A shares about 2.6%,part of polysaccharides composded of Rhamnose,d-galactose and glucose at mol ratio of 0.4:1.0:0.7.peptide of Polysaccharides C shares about 25.5%,part of polysaccharides 72.5% composded of glucose (69.6%) and d-galactose(2.9%),the amino acid composition of the peptide as:Glycine 12.7%,Alanine 12.5%,Serine 11.5%,Threonine 11.1%,D-asparagic acid 9.2%,Glutamic acid 7.6%,Valine 6.6%,Tyrosine 5.5%,Proline 5.2%,Leucine 4.0% and trace amount of other amino acids.

 Another kind of polysaccharides has property of boost the synthesis and metabolism of nucleic acid protein,named Polysaccharides BN3C,4 homogeneous body derived from this,from identification,proved that BN3C1 is Dextran(Glucose polymer);BN3C3 is a kind of peptide polysaccharides composed of glucose,arabinose at mol ratio 4:1,peptide ratio 5.4% and composded of Cystine,Leucine,Tyrosine,Alanine,Phenylalanine,Valine,Glutamic acid,gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA) and trace amount of arginine,lysine,Methionine and histidine.

 Researchers have identified that water-soluble polysaccharides are the most active element found in Red Reishi that have anti-tumour, immune modulating and blood pressure lowering effects. Recent reishi studies have used the amount of water-soluble polysaccharide content in a reishi product to evaluate its potency. The higher the amount of water-soluble polysaccharide content the product contains, the more potent it is.

 If you have visited our Echinacea page, then you are already aware of some of the powerful properties of polysaccharides (basically large sugar molecules).

 Extract of reishi contains about 10% polysaccharides and 5% protein. Some of these polysaccharides have demonstrated anti-tumor activity.

 The polysaccharides, G-I (Beta-D-glucan) and GL-1, for example, have both been shown to inhibit sarcoma.Evidence also suggests polysaccharide ability to stimulate macrophage production of interleukins. Interleukins regulate blood cell production and interleukin-2 (there are at least 12 interleukins) stimulates T-lymphocytes and is being investigated in the treatment of cancer. Which polysaccharide, or combination thereof, is responsible for this action is not clear. The protein portion of the extract contains 17 amino acids.

 

  Triterpenes from Reishi:

 Another major active constituent found in Red Reishi are triterpeniods, called Ganoderic acids. Preliminary studies indicated that ganoderic acids help alleviate common allergies by inhibiting histamine release, improve oxygen utilization and improve liver functions. Triterpeniods are bitter in taste and the level of the triterpeniod content contained in a product can be determined by the bitterness.Users of Ginkgo Biloba, Horse Chestnut and Valerian will recognize the potential benefits of terpenes.

 The potency of Reishi mushrooms is usually based on its level of triterpenoids. One can determine the level of this by tasting it. The more bitter it is, the higher the level of triterpenoids. Because Reishi is a polypore, (a group of hard, woody, bracket-like mushrooms) it is not eaten, but cut into pieces and made into a tea. In China, the average dose is 3 to 5 grams a day. Other popular forms of delivery are the water/alcohol extracts and powders.

 For these people it should come as little surprise that the triterpene-rich reishi mushroom is reputed to reduce hypertension. What may be news, however, is that the same compounds may also be adaptogenic and anti-allergic. The Ganoderic acids, C, A and D--in that order--appear to have the greatest anti-allergic activity, inhibiting histamine release. Ganoderic acids B and D may reduce hypertension. Studies done on a combination formula of reishi and other ganoderma species have shown these anti-allergic effects to be perhaps this medicinal's most promising property. The combination formula has been observed to have a modulating and stabilizing effect on immunoglobulin levels. Patients with bronchitis, bronchial asthma, and allergies have all done well on reishi extract. Triterpene content may explain reishi's ability to alleviate altitude sickness, as reported by Chinese mountain climbers ascending as high as 17,000 ft.
 

 Reishi mushrooms and mushroom extracts are generally analyzed for specific triterpenoids called Ganoderic acids. When buying a Reishi mushroom product, check for the analysis of how much triterpenoids is in the extract or powder.

 "There is no standardization yet, either here or in Asia for Reishi. You have to look for high ganoderic acid-A levels, which indicates high levels of other ganoderic acids," said Kenneth Jones, a researcher/writer specializing in the ethnopharmacology of medicinal plants.


   Mechanism of Action:How it Works and Medical Properties.

 Active constituents in Reishi Mushroom are sterols, coumarin, mannitol, polyssacharide and triterpenoids called ganoderic acids. The latter helps lower blood pressure, reduce cholesterol (LDL) and triglycerides, and works as an anticoagulant. All of these benefits contribute to a healthy cardiovascular system. Reishi Mushroom has antibacterial, antiviral properties and anti-tumor activity to prevent cancer.

 The triterpenes and polysaccharides seem to have the most biological activity. A number of its polysaccharides have demonstrated antitumor and immunostimulating activities
 

  Why is Reishi so special?

 The status of Reishi in the health food industry is unparalleled. It is the culmination of the knowledge and wisdom of the East and West for 5,000 years. Its effectiveness as a health food and as a highly potent medicine have been demonstrated by over 30 years of modern scientific research in China and Poland. Backed by 5,000 years of accumulated experience, Reishi can safely claim to be totally free from side-effects. The wide range of health benefits we can receive from Reishi is also unmatched. As it was so rare, Reishi was available only to emperors in ancient times. The first emperor of China, Shih Huang Ti, sent a fleet with 250 yourng men and 250 young ladies to oversea islands in search of the herb of longevity, which is Reishi.


 Reishi is the king of adaptogens. It is superior to Ginseng. Adaptogens share three important properties:

 1. Non-toxic and free from side-effects.
 2. Non-specific, acting on the entire body.
 3. Normalizes physiological functions.
 4. Properties: Ganoderma lucidum: Sweet and slightly bitter in flavor, mild in nature, it is related to the channels of the heart, spleen, lung, liver and kidney.
 5. Functions: Nourishes and pacifies the mind, benefits qi and blood, arrests coughs and asthma.

 Reishi contains 800-2,000 ppm of organic germanium, which is 4-5 times more than Ginseng. Germanium is a trace element with adaptogenic functions.



  Reishi's Medical Properties:

 In the 16th Century pharmacopedia Ben Cao Gang Mu, which contains hundreds of natural medicines the Chinese have used for thousands of years, compiler Li Shi Zhen described the uses of Reishi. "It positively affects the life energy, or qi of the heart, repairing the chest area and benefiting those with a knotted and tight chest." He wrote that it also increases intellectual capacity and banishes forgetfulness. "Taken over a long period of time, agility of the body will not cease, and the years are lengthened to those of the Immortal Fairies."

 In the Orient, Reishi is considered a Fu Zhen herb (immune modulation). Presently, Reishi has various applications including lowering or raising blood pressure, stimulating liver actions, blood cleansing, and acting as an adaptogen in helping the body fight the effects of stress.

 Chinese herbalists prize it for its abilities to regenerate the liver. In high doses, and to some degree normal doses, Ganoderma maybe classified as a liver detoxicant and protectant.

 In traditional Oriental applications Reishi is also used to treat insomnia, gastric ulcers, neurasthenia, arthritis, nephritis, asthma, bronchitis, hypertension and poisoning. It is also being used in treating neuromuscular disorders -- stress-induced tension, myasthenia gravis and muscular dystrophy -- all with varying degrees of success.

 Toxicity studies show no toxic effects on humans. In research, patients are given much higher doses, as high as 10 grams of extract per day, with no ill effects.



   History and Fame of Reishi Mushroom:

 The Chinese have always regarded the mushroom as having special properties. Mushrooms are regarded as "spirit medicine' because they are believed to nourish the shen, or spirit. As such, they are considered particularly important in vegetarian diets and regarded as a medicinal food that promotes longevity. Various medicinal mushrooms are used by the Chinese.

 One of the oldest recorded botanical monograph has claimed that reishi mushroom made the body lighter, which may refer to its ability to reduce cholesterol and blood lipid levels. They also have immunbe potentiating properties.

 Reishi has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for more than 4,000 years. The Chinese name Ling zhi translates as the herb of spiritual potency?and was highly prized as an elixir of immortality. Its traditional Chinese medicine indications include treatment of general fatigue and weakness, asthma, insomnia, and cough.

 Reishi, Ling Zhi,a mushroom of many names and uses. It has been documented with some pretty amazing properties for over two thousand years. "The earliest mention of Ling Chi was in the era of the first emperor of China, Shi-Huang Emperor of the Qin Dynasty (221-207 B.C.)" (Stamets, 355) The Reishi is credited with longevity, increased virility and sexual prowess; the Chinese considered it one of the "Herbs of the Gods". In China it was believed that a tincture of this type of mushroom could bring the dead back to life. Often sold in Chinese medicine shops, commonly in tinctures with Ginseng. Ganoderma lucidum, or a closely related species, can be used to combat high altitude sickness. Himalayan guides sometimes employ the Reishi for this purpose. Mayan Indians have used reishis to fight and prevent communicable diseases. In China, sometimes a woman will give a man Reishis to express sexual interest. The antler form mentioned previously is favored for this purpose. Interesting considering that the Reishi is supposed to stimulate sexual virility.

 Around 240 BC, the first emperior of China, Emperor Chin, ordered Xu Fu and a fleet of 250 yourng men and 250 young ladies to go to the East China Sea to search for the herb of immortality. It has been suggested that the very herb Xu Fu was looking for is lingzhi. Even earlier, it was reported that King Wei of Qi and King Chao of Yan once sent alchemists to the Three Mountains (the three mythical magic mountains in the East China Sea: the Abbot, the Penglai, and the Yingzhou) to seek the herb of immortality, that "is unque with a scent which smell is indistinguishable." This herb is of the family Ganodermataceae, red and purple in color, with a glossy shell skin--lingzhi!

 In China and other parts of Asia, G. lucidum is used for many aging -related diseases, such as coronary heart disease, chronic bronchitis, hypertension, and cancer (Shen& Zhang, 1987), and also as a diuretic, laxative , sedative, and tonic (Liu and Bau, 1980). In China, numerous preparations are made for daily use to promote health, inducing sound sleep and increasing resistance to infections and heart disease, and are also recommended for a wide range of ailments such as neurasthenia, chronic bronchitis, and coronary heart disease (Yand & Jong, 1989).

 

  Fame of Reishi Mushroom:

 Reishi has been ranked highly in the traditional Chinese medicine and its use has a long history. Reishi is officialy called "Ganoderma Lucidum" and especially in China it is also known as "Ling Zhi". Reishi is a rare mushroom and it is extremely hard to cultivate. Reishi mushrooms are rarely eaten as food outside of Asia because they are hard with a bitter taste.

 Reishi has long been used to expand life span and to increase vitality. It is known to promote good blood circulation and prevent diseases that are related to blood vessels and circulatory system. Reishi is helpful for normalizing blood pressure and treating high cholesterol. Reishi is also currently studied as a sports performance enhancer.

 Herbs like Reishi are classified as "superior herbs". The primary function of such herbs is to increase disease resistance and normalize bodily functions. They are used as tonics and sedatives.

 Herbs like Reishi contains polysaccharides and triterpenoids that are known to enhance the functioning of the immune system. Studies have also shown that these ingredients suppress the growth of implanted tumor cells. Especially continuous intake of Reishi achieves the best results.

 There are many applications of Reishi Mushroom. For example, Chinese women take Reishi for beautification of the skin and it is included in many patents for hair loss formulas, including products used for alopecia. Reishi Mushroom is also an adaptogen, with properties similar to ginseng. Because of the high medicinal value of Reishi, it is wide-used in many herbal nutritional therapies, and this for good reasons. Supplements are available in health food stores as powders, capsules, teas, and extracts. A dosage of 500 mg two to three times a day is the standard recommendation.

 

 Reishi, (Gandoderma lucidum) is known as ling zhi "Mushroom of Immortality" in China. It has been used in China for over 4,000 years and researched most extensively in Orient China as an anti-tumoral and cancer preventative. Reishi has been shown to reduce the side effects of chemotherapy and reduce the likelihood of metastasis. As a preventative, it stimulates the immune system to activate both B-lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes natural T-killer cells, improving immune surveillance. It can be effective against food allergies and is valuable in the treatment of Epstein-Barr virus and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome.

 Other conditions Reishi may be beneficial for include high cholesterol and hyperlipidemia, high blood pressure, and degenerative type symptoms where weak and poorly regulated immune response is observed.

 Reishi mushrooms (Ganoderma lucidum) have been used by the Chinese for over 2000 years. Modern medical research indicates that Reishi may enhance immune function, protect the central nervous system, improve heart function, inhibit allergic reactions and kill cancer cells

 It was considered in ancient China to be the most beneficial and least harmful of all healing herbs. In the last few decades, humans have learned to efficiently cultivate both Reishi and Cordyceps fungi so they are no longer available only to royalty, the ultra-rich or remote forest naturalists.

 The early Chinese medical texts speak with genuine reverence about Reishi and it's powers to heal while the Taoists used it to lighten their selves and to become "capable of spiritual transcendence".

 Reishi has lists of researched benefits too long to include here. In both traditional theory and modern research, Reishi has especially amazing powers over the heart, which it seems to calm, strengthen and regulate in both spiritual and physical ways.

 Reishi mushrooms, also known as the "mushroom of mortality," have powerful adaptogens that strengthen the immune system and speed-up recovery time after an illness. Reishi mushrooms have been used for centuries to treat digestive disorders, high blood pressure and respiratory problems.

 Reishi mushrooms help protect the body against free radical damage. They contain a natural anti-tumor agent called "tumor necronis factor". This agent is beneficial in the treatment of cancer. In addition, reishi mushrooms also support liver and nervous system functions.

 

  Reishi: Ancient Medicine is Modern Hope

 The Reishi mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum) is one of the most valued plants in traditional Chinese medicine, and is described with Ginseng as one of the two most important elixirs. In historic times, the use of Reishi was highly restricted by the limitations of a wild-crafted supply.

 Western culture has often frowned on mushrooms, even fearing the small innocuous forest growth. The French prize their truffles, but even truffles and other edible fungi and mushrooms are not as highly valued or show as much potential as a species of mushrooms called Ling Zhi or Reishi (Ganoderma lucidum).

 Relatively rare and undiscovered in the West, Reishi and other mushrooms have been revered as herbal medicines for thousands of years in China. Emperors of the great Chinese dynasties drank teas and concoctions of the mushroom for vitality and long life. The ancient Taoists were constantly searching for the elixir of eternal youth, and Reishi was believed to be among the ingredients.

 In modern times, Ganoderma lucidum and its fellow mushrooms have been well-researched in Asian universities. It is currently being studied in China as a sports performance enhancer. Its long History has sparked interest in the West where it is used by herbalists to treat diverse problems such as allergies, chronic Fatigue Syndrome, diabetes, liver diseases and many immune-related diseases.

 As little as 20 years ago, Reishi was rare and not widely found in Asia. It grew in the wild, but was extremely hard to cultivate. Now with an increased knowledge of the climates that it thrives in, scientists are able to set up artificial growth conditions with the correct amounts of oxygen and moisture for the spores to grow into the Reishi mushroom.


  Classical Literature:lingzhi herb

 The term "lingzhi herb" first appeared in the Diannan Materia Medica (Diannan Ben Cao) of the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644). Lingzhi was highly ranked as an herbal medicine in the first pharmacopoeia in China, the Shen Nong Materia Medica (Shen Nung Ben Cao Jing), which was published in the second century. Six species of lingzhi in six different colors were mentioned in the classic: purple, red, green, yellow, white, and black. In recent times, only the red and purple lingzhi are seen. However

 The Shen Nong Materia Medica lists 365 kinds of medicines. The medicines are basically classified into 3 categories: 120 of them are declared to be "superior" medicines, another 120 are classified as "average" medicines, and the remaining 125 are placed in the "fair" category. The "superior" medicines are for good health and longevity--the medicines of the legendary wizards. The "average" category medicines are those which can be taken as a tonic, and those in the "fair" category are taken to remedy specific ailments. One must be careful about the volume taken of the "average" and "fair" category medicines, and should never take them continuously. However, the book states that for "superior" medicines, any amount can be taken as desired on a continuous basis with no unfavorable effects. Of the superior medicines listed in the text, lingzhi was rated number one.

 Li Shi Zhen (1518--1593), a welknown Chinese physician of the Ming Dynasty, also described the efficacy and medical uses of lingzhi in the classic Compendium of Materia Medica (Ben Cao Gang Mu) (1578). Renown for its medicinal properties, lingzhi often is associated with health and recuperation, longevity, wisdom, and happiness. It is believed that certain triterpenes and polysaccharides may account for the multiple activities of lingzhi. Thus, considerable time and effort has gone into the isolation and characterization of these compounds.

 In the past, there were not too many patent medicine made with lingzhi. And even in the herbal stores, the lingzhi plants were hard to find, as very few herbal doctors would put lingzhi in their prescription. Nowadays, much more lingzhi can be found. And they are not particularly expensive. It can also be used in powder form.

 

   The Most Common Uses of Reishi Mushrooms:

 Reishi is commonly used for:

  Longevity and prevention of diseases,Boosts immune system and promotes longevity.
  Insomnia,Stress,Influenza and common cold.
  Asthma,Allergies,Cancer.
  Influenza and common cold.
  Elixir:It is reputed as the elixir of life since ancient times, and is a rare and traditional Chinese medicine in China,used for treatment of general fatigue and weakness, asthma, insomnia, and cough.Lingzhi has long been known to extend life span, increase youthful vigor and vitality. It also promotes good blood circulation by eliminating thrombi in the blood streams. As a result, the person feels renewed vitality. Deterioration of mind and body is arrested. Lingzhi is indeed a herb with multiple applications.
  Hypertension.
  Heart Disease,High Cholesterol (LDL),Helps prevent heart disease by lowering blood pressure, cholesterol, and triglycerides.
  Diabetes.
  Headache,Stomach ache.
  Arthritis,Back pain.
  Skin Care,Hair loss.
  Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS),Encourages relaxation and relieves stress,Helps with insomnia,Reduces fatigue and weakness.
  Hepatitis.
  Purposed Uses:Fatigue,High cholesterol,HIV and AIDS,Hypertension,Immunostimulation,Inflammation,Strength and stamina,Viral infections

 Reishi has been shown to reduce the side effects of chemotherapy and reduce the likelihood of metastasis. As a preventative, it stimulates the immune system to activate both B-lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes natural T-killer cells, improving immune surveillance. It can be effective against food allergies and is valuable in the treatment of Epstein-Barr virus and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Other conditions Reishi may be beneficial for include high cholesterol and hyperlipidemia, high blood pressure, and degenerative type symptoms where weak and poorly regulated immune response is observed.



   Benefits of Reishi Mushrooms:System Class and Alphabetic Order.

 Lingzhi has extremely wide applications, bringing benefits to the entire body. Research over the past 30 years has found that this plant can be used for the following ailments:

  Benefits of Reishi in System Class:

  Circulatory System:Hypertension (High Blood Pressure),Hypotension (Low Blood Pressure),Coronary Heart Disease,Arteriosclerosis,Arrhythmia,Stroke,Reduction of Cholesterol (LDL),Anemia,Cold Extremities,Hemorrhoid,Elevation sickness.

  Digestive System:Gastroenteritis,Ulcer,Hepatitis,Liver Necrosis,Reishi regenerates the liver,Obesity,Reishi removes fat in the blood,Underweight,Reishi improves appetite,Diabetes,Constipation,Diarrhea,Gallstones.
  Endocrine System:Problems associated with Menopause,Irregular mentruation.
  Excretory System:Nephritis

  Immune System:Cancer: Reishi is an effective anti-tumor medicine,Common Cold,Influenza,Cough,Inflammation,Rheumatoid Arthritis,Allergies,Lupus,Stomatitis (canker sores),Reishi acts as an antioxidant against free radicals,Reishi protects against the effects of radiation,Reishi has anti-inflammatory effects.
  Nervous System:Insomnia,Neurasthenia,Stress-induced tension,Over-sleep,Headache,Toothache,Cataracts,Muscular Dystrophy,Myasthenia Gravis.
  Respiratory System:Asthma,Cough,Chronic Bronchitis.Works as antiinflammatory for bronchitis and respiratory problems (allergies, colds, etc.).
  Reproductive System:Erectile Dysfunction,Lack of sexual desire,Dysmenorrhea (Mentrual cramps).
  Skin:Aging of the skin,Ugly spots on the skin,Acne,Hair loss,Dermatitis.
 


  Benefits of Reishi in Alphabetic Order:

 The scientific data accumulated over the past 30 years help explain why Reishi is effective in all parts of our body:
  Aging:anti-aging of the skin
  Analgesic
  Anti-Acne
  Anti-allergic activity:Allergies,Lupus,Stomatitis (canker sores),Capable of Normalizing and Improving Allergic Reactions.
  Antibacterial, against Staphylococci, Streptococci, and Bacillus pneumoniae (perhaps due to increased immune system activity)
  Anti-HIV activity in vitro and in vivo
  Antioxidant against free radicals,by eliminating hydroxyl free radicals.
  Anti-radiation
  Antitumor activity
  Anti-inflammatory effects:properties help relieve allergies and arthritis.
  Antiviral effect, by inducing interferon production
  Arteriosclerosis & high cholesterol level
  Asthma
  Bronchitis-preventative effect, inducing regeneration of bronchial epithelium
  Bone:Enhances bone marrow nucleated cell proliferation
  Cancer: Reishi is an effective anti-tumor medicine,when added to the diet on a regular basis it can aid in cancer prevention,Prevent Metastasis of Cancer.
  Cardiotonic action:lowering serum cholesterol levels with no effect on triglycerides, enhancing myocardial metabolism of hypoxic animals, and improving coronary artery hemodynamics
  Cataracts
  Central depressant and peripheral anticholinergic actions on the autonomic nervous sytem reduce the effects of caffeine and relax muscles
  Circulatory System,Prevent and Improve Diseases that are related to Blood Vessels and Circulatory System.
  Common Cold,Influenza,Cough,Inflammation,Rheumatoid Arthritis
  Coronary Heart Disease,Arteriosclerosis,Arrhythmia,Stroke,Reduction of Cholesterol (LDL),Anemia
  Cold Extremities
  Constipation, menoxenia & psychosomatic diseases
 
  Dermatitis
  Digestive System,Gastroenteritis ,Ulcer
  Diabetes mellitus
  Diarrhea
  Dysmenorrhea (Mentrual cramps)
  Enhanced natural killer cell (NK) activity in vitro in mice
  Elevation sickness
  Excretory System
  Expectorant and antitussive properties demonstrated in mice studies
  Erectile Dysfunction
  Gastric & duodenal ulcers
  Gallstones
  Hair loss
  Headache,Toothache
  Hepatitis
  Hemorrhoids & varix
  Hypertension (High Blood Pressure) and Hypotension (Low Blood Pressure).Lowers blood pressure,Prevent Hyper and Hypotensions.
  Heart conditions that cause heart attacks,promotes healthy heart functions.
  Immune System,General immunopotentiation.
  Insomnia:helps to ease insomnia if consumed close to bed time.
  Improved adrenocortical function
  Increased production of Interleukin-1 by murine peritoneal macrophages in vitro
  Increased production of Interleukin-2 by murine splenocytes in vitro
  Lack of sexual desire
  Liver Necrosis,Reishi regenerates the liver
  Muscular Dystrophy,Myasthenia Gravis
  Nephritis
  Nervous System,Insomnia,Neurasthenia,Stress-induced tension,Over-sleep
  Obesity -- Reishi removes fat in the blood
  Problems associated with Menopause,Irregular mentruation
  Reproductive System
  Relief from stress & anxiety
  Respiratory System,Chronic Bronchitis,Endocrine System
  Rheumatism & arthritis
  Skin
  Symptoms of menopause, unidentified clinical syndrome (neurose)
  Ugly spots on the skin
  Underweight -- Reishi improves appetite



   Applications and Benefit Note On Ganoderma lucidum:Reishi Mushroom

 Reishi mushrooms have a long history of medical uses. Reishi had been recorded as having the most extensive and effective healing powers. In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), reishi is indicated for the treatment of coronary heart disease, bronchial asthma, insomnia, impotence, hay fever, dizziness, stomach ulcers, depression, and debility from long-term illness. Today, reishi has various applications including lowering or raising blood pressure, stimulating liver actions, blood cleansing, and acting as an adaptogen in helping the body fight the effects of stress.

  Adaptogen:

 Ganoderma lucidum or Reishi Mushroom is also an adaptogen, with properties similar to ginseng. The adenosine in Reishi may explain why the Chinese use it for patients suffering from nervous tension. Adenosine relaxes skeletal muscles, calms the central nervous system and operates against the stimulating action of caffeine.

 The Ganoderma lucidum or Reishi Mushroom can increase the production of interleukin 1 and 2, resulting in inhibition of tumor growth. Studies show that Reishi can have a number of other positive effects on the body such as analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-viral (through its interferon production), lowers blood pressure. It also acts as a cardiotonic by lowering serum and increasing the production of interleukin 1 and 2, which results in inhibition of tumor cholesterol, expectorant, anti-tissue, liver protecting and detoxifying, protection against ionizing radiation, antibacterial, and anti-HIV activity.

 We live in artificial environments where air is filtered and food is processed. If we can keep our immune system functioning efficiently and strengthen our daily programs with natural immunity building supplements such as Reishi mushrooms, we can minimize the frequency and severity of illness and recover more quickly."Reishi mushrooms are certainly an herb for the 90s and beyond," commented Jeff Chilton, president of North American Reishi. "Considering that Reishi has a history of use that spans 2,000 years and is more highly revered than ginseng in the Orient, one could readily compare its potential to that of ginseng."

 Lingzhi contains 800-2,000 ppm of organic germanium, which is 4-5 times more than ginseng. Germanium is a trace element with adaptogenic functions.In addition to all of the ingredients in the fruit body, lingzhi mycelium contains higher level of the RNA (which disrupts viral diseases by inducing interferon production), oleic acid and cyclooctasulfur (both strong inhibitors of histamine release), LZ-8, (an immunomodulating protein which significantly reduces but doesn't entirely shut down antibody production).

 

  Anti-allergin, antioxidant, analgesic, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antiviral, antiparasitic:

 Ganoderma lucidum or Reishi Mushroom has been claimed to be anti-allergin, antioxidant, analgesic, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antiviral, antiparasitic, cardiovascular, antidiabetic, immunomodulating, hepatoprotective, hypotensive and hypertensive, kidney and nerve tonic, and sexual potentiating. Reishi is used to treat a variety of disorders and promote vitality; it works as an antioxidant against free radicals, protects against the effects of radiation and has anti-inflammatory effects. Reishi intensifies the body's free radical scavenging ability and is especially effective against harmful hydroxyl radicals. Reishi is such a strong hydroxyl radical scavenger that its actions continue even after it is absorbed and metabolized.

 Ganoderic acids in Ganoderma lucidum or Reishi Mushroom extract have also been found to be highly effective as anti-inflammatory agents, and in the treatment of severe liver problems.Reishi mushrooms also contain sterols, which influence the hormonal system, and natural antihistamines,The major components of lingzhi have proven to be a significant anti-inflammatory and inhibit malignant tumor growth.which reduce allergic reaction. Its glycosides and polysaccharides promise to be a new type of carcinostatic agent which would be helpful in immunotherapy.

 Reishi mushrooms also have strong antioxidant properties. They can be used to boost immunity and may also increase the effectiveness of antioxidant vitamins when the two substances are used together. Reishi mushrooms are believed to suppress tumor growth and are often used in cancer prevention efforts for this reason.

 Reishi mushrooms are also used for patients with Alzheimers disease and heart disease under the premise that inflammation may play a role in both conditions. Pain associated with other inflammatory conditions, such as infection by the herpes zoster virus and neuralgia may respond to treatment with reishi mushrooms as well. In fact, the historical use of reishi mushrooms to promote longevity is probably related to the fact that inflammation is a key factor in many chronic and degenerative diseases.

 While you protect your body against infectious disease, cancer and heart disease, your use of reishi can also help relieve your everyday discomforts. Do you have allergies? Researchers discovered that the lanostan in reishi acts as a natural antihistamine.

  Anti Aging: Ganoderma lucidum or Reishi Mushroom is a source of antioxidants that prevent aging of the human tissues.
 

  Anti Cancer: Ganoderma lucidum or Reishi Mushroom is recognized to play a role in preventing spontaneous death in cancer patients. Reishi reinforces membrane of the cancerous cell to impede spreading. It also prevents thrombi formation aiding in fusion of medications within the system. Joint usage with other anti-tumor drugs and chemotherapy diminishes their side-effects and heightens their effect. It normalizes the overall body system thus decreases further health complications. Reishi's ability to inhibit thrombi formation with none of the side effects of modern medication proves to be invaluable contribution in the fight against cancer.

 The immune-boosting action also works wonders in the prevention and treatment of cancer, as the T-cells are then able to fight cancer cells more effectively. However, reishi may help the body defeat cancer in not just one, but four ways. In addition to boosting the immune system, the glucan in reishi helps immune cells bind to tumor cells. Many experts believe that it also actually reduces the number of cancerous cells, making it easier for T-cells and macrophages to rid the body of them. Another substance in reishi, called canthaxanthin, slows down the growth of tumors, according to "Prescription for Dietary Wellness" author Phyllis A. Balch and other experts. As a result of these amazing anti-cancer abilities, laboratory research and traditional medicinal usage of reishi to fight cancer is so positive.

  Reishi Mushroom Benefits in Asthma: Ganoderma lucidum or Reishi Mushroom is particularly beneficial for individuals with asthma and other respiratory complaints.It has a healing effect on the lungs,Reishi is good for respiratory strength and for coughing. At least one population study confirms this claim. When more the 2000 Chinese with chronic bronchitis took reishi syrup during the 1970s, within two weeks, 60 to 90% felt better and reported an improved appetite, according to "Medicinal mushrooms,"

  Beautification of the skin: Chinese women take Reishi for beautification of the skin. The results are probably due to the mushroom's hormone-potentiating effects.
 

  Cardiovascular benefits: Ganoderic acids may lower blood pressure as well as decrease LDL ("bad") cholesterol. These specific triterpenoids also help reduce blood platelets from sticking together--an important factor in lowering the risk for coronary artery disease.

 During the 1980's scientists identified over 100 ganoderic acids (triterpenes) in Reishi mushrooms. Numerous studies in China and Russia have demonstrated marked cholesterol lowering abilities of these substances in humans, as well as other circulatory benefits.Triterpenoids, which have also been found in Reishi mushrooms, are responsible for blood pressure lowering and circulation improving.Ganoderic acids may lower blood pressure ands decrease LDL cholesterol.

 Reishi is known as a cardiotonic herb due to its ability to improve blood flow and reduce oxygen consumption in the heart muscle. Reishi eliminates cholesterol build-up and promotes blood circulation. Regular use of this mushroom helps regulate cholesterol levels and platelet activity in the bloodstream. The mushroom's active ingredients, called ganoderic acids, appear to combat high blood pressure and reduce LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels. They may also discourage blood platelets from clumping together, thus reducing the risk of dangerous clots.

 The reishi mushroom appears to be effective against a range of additional ailments - cholesterosis, arteriosclerosis, hypertension, fatty liver, hemorrhoid, tooth-infections, obesity and various problems that arise from high serum cholesterol level compounded by a lack of blood circulation. Reishi is also recognized to have some effect in cases of stroke, cerebravascular accident, coronary insufficiency, myocardial infarction, - problems that arise directly from arterial blockage. Furthermore, it is found to be effective in treatment of typical dermatitis, bronchitis asthma, allergy rhinitis, chronic hepatitis etc. - problems related to allergic reactions

 Besides cancer, reishi can help and treat another of America's top killers: cardiovascular disease. The protection reishi offers against heart disease and stroke is truly remarkable because it helps prevent so many different risk factors, due to its high content of heart-saving substances like sterols, ganoderic acids, coumarin, mannitol and polysaccharides. Experts believe that the ganoderic acids in particular lower triglyceride levels, remove excess cholesterol from the blood, lower blood pressure, reduce platelet stickiness and even help correct arrhythmia. In fact, for 54 people with hypertension unresponsive to medication, taking reishi extract three times a day for four weeks was enough to significantly lower blood pressure, according to a study reported by Burton Goldberg in "Heart Disease." Just imagine how the incidence of cardiovascular disease could be reduced if using reishi really caught on in the Western hemisphere.

  Treat Hair Loss: Reishi is included in many hair loss formulas, including products used for alopecia. Spore extract injections of Reishi are also being used to treat lupus in China.
 The mycelium of Reishi contains high levels of polysaccharides, which have been shown in research to induce the production of interferon. Interferon is a protein produced inside cells to fight viral infection. Polysaccharides are also tumor fighters and help stimulate the immune system.
 

  Immune system stimulator:

 Reishi mushrooms contain polysaccharides that are known as anticancer agents and immune system stimulators. They help body fight cancerous tumors and protect it from different infections.

 Reishi contains polysaccharides and triterpenoids that are known to enhance immune system function.The primary function of herbs like reishi mushrooms is to increase disease resistance and normalize bodily functions. Research shows that the polysaccharide beta-1,3-D-glucan in reishi boosts the immune system by raising the amount of macrophages T-cells, which has major implications for people suffering from AIDS and other immune system disorders.

 Reishi is being recognized for its adjunct use as an immune system stimulator when cancer therapy is being used. The use of Reishi as a cancer treatment in the Orient is centuries old. In following the concept of qi tonics, Reishi is used to strengthen the body's resistance to outside forces.

 Chinese herbalists & modern research agree the Reishi mushroom can enhance immune function, protect the nervous system, improve heart function, inhibit allergic reactions, and kill cancer cells.The Pauling institute has also done extensive work, with considerable success, using Reishi in combination with Vitamin C to treat cancer. Mushrooms are a flavorful and nutritious food group. Good sources of B Vitamins Thiamine, Riboflavin and Niacin. They contain all the essential amino acids. Mushrooms have also been used for thousands of years as some of the most effective, yet benign, of many plants that formed the Oriental herbal tradition.

 The mycelium of reishi contains high levels of polysaccharides, which have been shown in research to induce the production of interferon. Interferon is a protein produced inside cells to fight viral infection. Polysaccharides are also tumor fighters and help stimulate the immune system. Reishi is also an adaptogen, with properties similar to ginseng. The adenosine relaxes skeletal muscles, calms the central nervous system and operates against the stimulating action of caffeine. Reishi activates the body's immunity system, increasing one's ability to fight against diseases, but it can also arrest the excessive production of allergen to regulate overall functions in the system.
 

  Neurological benefits: A study showed that long-term application of Reishi promoted deep, slow-wave sleep in insomniacs.Ganoderma lucidum or Reishi Mushroom has also been used to treat neurasthenia, a condition common in chronic fatigue syndrome.

  Elevate the spirit: Ganoderma lucidum or Reishi Mushroom also has non-material benefits. Beinfield explains, "Reishi is said to elevate the spirit; it's a mood-elevating substance." Traditionally, reishi is believed to help transform the individual into a more spiritual being. Just as mushrooms transform decayed material on the ground into life-giving nourishment, reishi converts metabolic and psychic waster (hostility and other negative feelings), thereby raising the spirit and unshackling the mind. Individuals can consume reishi every day to support immune function, peace of mind, and physical vigor. Reishi is available in syrups, soups, teas, tinctures, tablets, and by injection. Form and dosage should be decided with the help of a healthcare professional.

 

  Ling Zhi or Reishi Mushroom:the most mysterious

 Of all the Fu Zheng herbs, Ling Zhi or Reishi Mushroom is the most mysterious of all. Not only due to it's legendary qualities but also very much due to it's simple ability to calm the human mind and lend some clarity in an otherwise muddled existence. Practitioners are especially outspoken about Reishi. The early Chinese medical texts speak with genuine reverence about Reishi and it's powers to heal while the Taoists used it to lighten their selves and to become "capable of spiritual transcendence". This reference to Reishi is not by any means cultural. Although it has been known as the mushroom of spiritual potency in Asia, it has rapidly garnered a large following in the West amongst yoga, Tai Chi and meditation students.

 The first textual reports of Reishi record it as a "Shaman's Mushroom" or "Shaman's Ch'i". In fact it was originally called "Chih Zhi" or "Red Ch'i" (Chih=red, Ch'i=energy) and the red variety remains the most sought after for these reasons. But it is the long chain polysaccharides that have attracted so much research in China, and now the United States. These immunmodulators increase RNA and DNA in the bone marrow, increases interferon production, disrupting viral diseases and "smartening up" up the T-cells and expanding their "memory".A study in 1982 showed 100% of test mice had complete regression in induced tumors. One of the constituents of Reishi which was studied was Beta-D-Glucan which holds the cell walls of grains intact.

 Triterpenes are another aspect of Reishi which has researchers scrambling. Shown to be the chief agent in Reishi responsible for lowering blood pressure and blood lipids, triterpenes are found in the fatty acid form as "lucidenic" and "ganoderic" acids. Ginseng also contains a similar compliment of these sterols and there is much speculation that these may be one of the crucial commonalties in longevity herbs.Reishi and Ginseng also share the adaptogenic effect and protect against biological, emotional and environmental stresses. Reishi contains 112 known triterpenes which may be the cause of it's anti-hypertensive action. These triterpenes inhibit ACE, an enzyme (angiotensin converting enzyme) which many drugs attempt to control (with side effects). Reishi alleviates allergies, oxygenates the blood, relieves pain, reverses liver disease and is one of the most potent natural mood elevators known to man.

 To further mystify your brain into believing that the FDA has not yet graduated from kindergarten: the Chinese Chow Dynasty used Reishi mushrooms. This means that people knew about the healing properties of Reishi mushrooms over three thousand years ago.

 The compounds found in Reishi mushrooms have been classified as Host Defense Potentiators (HDP). These enhance the abilities of our immune system to protect itself. These disease-inhibiting compounds include Hemicellulose (AHCC), polysaccharides, polysaccharide-peptides, nucleo-sides, triterpeniods, complex starches, and other metabolites. In combination they strengthen the immune system, aid in neuron transmission, metabolism, hormonal balance, and the transport of nutrients and oxygen.

 I strongly advocate the consumption of natural, unadulterated, non-processed, authentic Reishi mushrooms. Purchase them in bulk, along with a seriously sharp knife for these little guys are very tough. In order to cut one into little pieces, you first must work yourself into a murderous frenzy. Make believe you're an ex-football player and commence to slay the little fungi.



   Ganoderma lucidum or Reishi Mushroom as King of Health Foods:

 Reishi is a unique health food with a wide range of medicinal properties which collectively strengthens the immune system and gives the user longevity:
  Reishi mushroom has the rare and valuable properties of an Adaptogen, which means that it is non-toxic, non-specific, and has a normalizing effect on the body.
  Reishi mushroom is classified as Top of the Superior Quality of all herbs by the pharmacopoeia used by Chinese doctors for thousands of years. Emperors have considered Reishi an herb for the immortals. Its stature is higher than Ginseng.
  Reishi mushroom has a long history of safe use (5,000 years). NO toxicity or side-effect has been reported.
  There are 30 years of ample modern scientific evidences in the laboratory and in the clinic for its effectiveness.
  Reishi mushroom has extremely wide applications, bringing benefits to the entire body, preventing almost all the common diseases.
  Reishi mushroom's potency as a medicine even exceeds many modern drugs. For example, it is more effective than Melatonin and certainly much safer and free from side-effects.
  Reishi mushroom is effective even for "terminal" illnesses such as cancer, AIDS, and coronary heart disease.
  Reishi mushroom is effective for both PREVENTION and CURE, suitable for daily use as a health supplement.
  Reishi mushroom is very easy to gain acceptance by new users because of Reishi's stature, publicity, and complete safety.



   Suggestions and Administrations:

  Reishi used in formulas:

 Reishi is best used in combination with other herbs or medicine. An outstanding combination is Reishi & Placenta. Another good combination is Reishi & Cordyceps, which has been clinically tested and found to be more effective than the two individual herbs alone.Reishi Tea is an excellent health drink.

 Ganoderma lucidum, otherwise known as the Reishi or Mannentake has been heralded by Asian cultures for many centuries. It is a polypore mushroom of corky or woody texture that appears to have a coat of varnish on the top. It is a shelf mushroom that grows on dead and dying trees. There are many varieties of Reishis. Akashiba is the red Reishi, the most potent; Kuroshiba--the black Reishi; Aoshiba--the blue Reishi; Shiroshiba--the white Reishi; Kishiba--the yellow Reishi; and Murasakishiba--the purple Reishi. The Reishi mushroom is attributed with many health stimulating properties from general good health and recuperation, to longevity, sexual prowess, wisdom, and happiness. In certain cases it is used as sculptural artwork. Under certain conditions the fruiting body takes on what is referred to as an "antler" shape, that to some is aesthetically pleasing. According to Paul Stamets, this is a result of elevated carbon dioxide levels in the surrounding environment. Reishis may prove useful to the fight against cancer as well. More and more research is being conducted about compounds, in reishis, that stimulate the immune system.

 Reishi Mushroom (Ganoderma Lucidum): Derived from the cap and stem of the mushroom. It is used primarily as an immune stimulant by patients with HIV or cancer.Reishi contains several chemical constituents, including sterols, coumarin, mannitol, polysaccharides, and triterpenoids called ganoderic acids. Ganoderic acids may lower blood pressure as well as decrease low density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglyceride levels. These specific triterpenoids also help reduce blood platelets from sticking together,an important factor in lowering the risk for coronary artery disease. Reishi is beneficial to the joints, increases vital energy, strengthens tendons and bones, and is good for the complexion.

 

  Preparation and Dosage:

 Tea is the favored form of ingestion. Either fresh or dried specimens are boiled in hot water for five minutes, allowed to steep for thirty minutes, and then reheated. The tea is then strained and served. A daily dosage of 3-5 grams is recommended.

 Summary: A potent medicine that has been revered for many years, the Reishi has quite a bit of potential with modern medicine. More and more unknown medicinal properties are currently being discovered and researched. Technology is allowing us to unlock the many secrets this fungus possesses. The domestication of Reishis as a crop fungus has created a prosperous industry in the horticultural and medicinal fields of study. The rising interest in alternative medicines, in the Western world, is making the Reishi quite an economically important crop.

 Dosage:Herbalists recommend 1.5-9 grams of the crude dried mushroom per day, 1-1.5 grams per day in powder form, or 1 ml per day of tincture, or as a tea.

 3-15 g, decoction. The preferred administration method. Put a combination of 2 to 3 pieces each of the crown and the root sections of the plant into a pot and add 8 cups of water. Bring it to a boil and simmer it in low heat for 15 minutes. Drink the decoction twice a day before meal for as long as one likes. Substantial change for the better of one's looks and feeling would result after about one year's consumption. 1-1.5 g, grinded in powder for consumption.

 Reishi mushrooms are available dried and as powder, tinctures, tablets, capsules, and syrup. For general health maintenance and prevention, take 2.5 g per day on an empty stomach, in 4 divided dosed with food. For less severe conditions of asthma, high blood pressure, infections, and nervous disorders, 2-6 g can be taken daily, in three equal portions. For severe conditions such as cancer, heart disease, and chronic infections, 9-15 g daily in three equally divided dosages is recommended. Reishi is best used in combination with other herbs or medicine. An outstanding combination is Reishi and Placenta. Another good combination is Reishi and Cordyceps, which has been clinically tested and found to be more effective than the two individual herbs alone.

 Reishi polysaccharides have high molecular weights of up to 1,050,000, which makes absorptiion by the intestines difficult. Dr. Fukumi Morishige, M.D. found that patients given large doses of Reishi (2-9g/day) had diarrhea, but when a large dose of vitamin C was also given at the same time, there was no diarrhea. Vitamin C breaks down the high molecular weight polysaccharides to a molecular weight of around 30,000, so that they are much more easily absorbed by the intestines.

 For general health maintenance and prevention, take 2 Reishi mycelium capsules twice per day on an empty stomach. Also take 500 mg of Vitamin C per day after breakfast.

 When a discomfort occurs from minor illness, increase the dosage to 2-3 capsules 3 times per day. Also take 1,000 mg of Vitamin C per day after meals.

 For insomnia, take 4-5 capsules before bedtime. Take 2 in the morning. Also take 1,000 mg of Vitamin C per day after meals.

 When a serious illness occurs, increase the dosage to 4 capsules 4 times per day. Also take 2,000-3,000 mg of Vitamin C per day after meals.

 Some people may experience Vertigo Reaction when they first take Reishi. During the first week, they may experience slight swelling of the head or dizziness. Arthritis patient may experienced a temporary increase in the pain level. This is a cleansing reaction, often called a "healing crisis". Continue to take Reishi and the symptoms will be alleviated within a week.

  Safety:

 According to classical literature, Reishi is classified as a superior herb. Superior herbs are said to be non-toxic and can be consumed in large quantities and for a long period without any side effects. After 2,000 years, there are still no side effects reported in available literature and clinical studies. However, sensitive individuals may experience some detoxification symptoms such as mild digestive upset, dizziness, sore bones, and skin rashes during the initial period of intake. This is the excretion of accumulated toxic matters from modern day foods and vigorous activities of the body metabolism. These are all normal signs of recovery and an indication that the medicinal effect of Red Reishi is functioning well.

 Side effects from reishi can include dizziness, dry mouth and throat, nose bleeds, and abdominal upset. Reishi is a very safe hean that has been used for thousands of years. Rare possible side effects from reishi include dizziness, dry mouth, stomach upset, nose bleed, sore bones, gastrointestinal distress or irritated skin.These may develop with continuous use over three to six months. As it may increase bleeding time, reishi is not recommended for those taking anti-coagulant (e.g., blood-thinning) medications. Pregnant or lactating women should consult a physician before taking reishi. Because of these severe side effects we recommend that you consult and be under the supervision of a qualified professional before and during taking this herb.

 Reishi, the fruiting body of Mannentake, Ganoderma lucidum has been known in China, Korea and other countries as a food and raw material for the development of drugs. Recent studies have shown that the carcinistaticsubstance in REISHI is a polysaccharide, b -8-(1?3)-D-glucan. This polysaccharide seems to have promise as a new type of carcinostatic agent which might be useful in immunotherapy. Unlike chemicals used in chemotherapy, it has few toxic side effects because its effect is based on immunological enhancement in the host. REISHI also seems to contain other substances which reduce blood pressure, blood cholesterol, and blood sugar levels; and inhibit platelet aggregation, etc. Recently, in vitro immunomodulating effects of Reishi extracts, and clinical study of micronized Reishi in Thai HIV and AIDS patients were attempted in Thailand. Some lanostane tri-terpenoids have been isolated from G. lucidum. These are highly oxidized compounds which show interesting biological activities

  Toxicity Study:Ganoderma lucidum

 Extravasate of Ganoderma lucidum.Acute Toxicity.LD₅₀:Mice.Intraperitoneal injection.37.26~39.34 g/kg.
 Hot Ethanol extract sap of Ganoderma lucidum.Acute Toxicity.LD50:Mice.Intraperitoneal injection.6.75g/kg.
 Hot Ethanol extract sap of Ganoderma lucidum.Acute Toxicity.LD50:Mice.Oral.165g/kg.
 Cold Ethanol extract sap of Ganoderma lucidum.Rat.Oral.1.2g/kg and 12g/kg.daily. period 30 days,no any toxic effects on growth,liver function,and cardiograph.
 Cold Ethanol extract sap of Ganoderma lucidum.Dog.Oral.12g/kg.daily. period 15 days,and Hot Ethanol extract sap of Ganoderma lucidum.Oral.24g/kg.daily. period 13 days,no any toxic effects on growth,liver function,and cardiograph.

 Ganoderma lucidum ferment concentration liquid(contains ferment liquid and mycelia).Mice.Oral.LD50.27.57ml/kg.
 Ganoderma lucidum ferment concentration liquid(1:1 concentration/29).Mice.Intraperitoneal injection.LD50.4.89ml/kg.
 Ganoderma lucidum ferment concentration liquid(1:1 concentration/8.3).Mice.Intraperitoneal injection.LD50. (15.17+-0.79)ml/kg
 Extravasate of Ganoderma lucidum.Acute Toxicity.LD50:Mice.Intraperitoneal injection.(38.30+-1.04)g/kg
 Ganoderma lucidum fruiting body sap.Acute Toxicity.LD50:Mice.Intraperitoneal injection.(38.10+-0.18)g/kg
 Ganoderma lucidum mycelia sap.Acute Toxicity.LD50:Mice.Intraperitoneal injection.(34.20+-0.11)g/kg

 Ganoderma lucidum filtrate concentrated injection(15:1).Acute Toxicity.LD50:Mice.intravenous injection.10.91ml/kg.
 Ethanol extract sap injection of Ganoderma lucidum mycelia.Acute Toxicity.LD50:Mice.intravenous injection.12.89ml/kg.
 Water extract sap injection of Ganoderma lucidum mycelia.Acute Toxicity.LD50:Mice.intravenous injection.29.40ml/kg.

  Toxicity of Sporoderm-broken Ganoderma Spores:

 80 Rats divide into 4 groups of 20,Orally dose and classified to low,middle,high dosage group and 1 compare group,period 30 days,weigh up every week,test blood,blood chemicals,organs index,and variations of tissue pathology,result and index shows normal scope,no toxic effects.

  Cautions on Use:

 Some people may experience vertigo reaction when they first take lingzhi. During the first week, they may experience slight swelling of the head or dizziness. Arthritis patient may experience a temporary increase in the pain level. This is a cleansing reaction, often called a "healing crisis". Continue to take lingzhi and the symptoms will be alleviated within a week.

 Adverse Reactions:Reported: Dry throat and nose, GI upset, itchiness, nausea, vomiting

 Drug Interactions with Anticoagulant,Antiplatelets: Reishi may increase the risk of bleeding.
 Drug Interactions with Antihypertensives: Reishi may cause additive hypotensive effects.

  Can I take Reishi with my other medications?
 Yes. Reishi is a natural health supplement and there are no reported contraindications in over 2,000 years of study. However, all immune-modulating substances such as Reishi should be taken with care for patients undergoing organ transplants and using immunosuppressive drugs. It is always a good idea to consult a qualified health physician before consuming any dietary supplements.

  Is Reishi good for all age groups?
 Yes. Reishi is a health food supplement that is good for all age groups, including children and pregnant women. However, once again it is recommended to consult a qualified health physician when taking dietary supplements.

  What are the directions to take Reishi?
 Reishi is best taken in the morning with an empty stomach. Drinking more water will also help enhance the effects of Reishi by helping the body get rid of poisonous waste.