Lichens:Research and Update.Lichens Xanthoparmelia Scabrosa Extract.5:1, 10:1.Super Phosphodiesterase-V PDE-5 Inhibitor.Natural Source of Pyrazolo pyrimidinone.Viagra Substitutor. Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate (cGMP) Level Booster.Epidithiopiperazinodione,4-Methylpiperazines.Printable Version.MDidea Extracts Professional.

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Phytochemical info of Lichens.

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Definition:Lichens are majorly composed of
Chemical information disclosed as following table:

Lichens:Research and Update.

Antimicrobial activity of extracts of the lichen Xanthoparmelia pokornyi and its gyrophoric and stenosporic acid constituents.:Candan Z Naturforsch [C]. 2006 May-Jun;61(5-6):319-23.M, Yilmaz M, Tay T, Kivan? M, T¨¹rk H.Anadolu University, Department of Biology, 26470 Eski?ehir, Turkey.

The antimicrobial activity of the diethyl ether, acetone, chloroform, petroleum ether, and ethanol extracts of the lichen Xanthoparmelia pokornyi and its gyrophoric acid and stenosporic acid constituents has been screened against some foodborne bacteria and fungi. Both the extracts and the acids showed antimicrobial activity against Aeromonas hydrophila, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Listeria monocytogenes, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis, Yersinia enterocolitica, Candida albicans and Candida glabrata. The extracts were inactive against the tested filamentous fungi. The MIC values of the extracts and the acids for the bacteria have also been determined.

A novel series of potent and selective PDE5 inhibitors with potential for high and dose-independent oral bioavailability.:J Med Chem. 2006 Jun 15;49(12):3581-94.Allerton CM, Barber CG, Beaumont KC, Brown DG, Cole SM, Ellis D, Lane CA, Maw GN, Mount NM, Rawson DJ, Robinson CM, Street SD, Summerhill NW. Discovery Chemistry, Lead Discovery, and Discovery Biology, Pfizer Global Research & Development, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9NJ, United Kingdom. charlotte.allerton@pfizer.com

Sildenafil (5-[2-ethoxy-5-(4-methyl-1-piperazinylsulfonyl)phenyl]-1-methyl-3-n-propyl-1,6-dihydro-7H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one), a potent and selective phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor, provided the first oral treatment for male erectile dysfunction. The objective of the work reported in this paper was to combine high levels of PDE5 potency and selectivity with high and dose-independent oral bioavailability, to minimize the impact on the C(max) of any interactions with coadministered drugs in the clinic. This goal was achieved through identification of a lower clearance series with a high absorption profile, by replacing the 5'-piperazine sulfonamide in the sildenafil template with a 5'-methyl ketone. This novel series provided compounds with low metabolism in human hepatocytes, excellent caco-2 flux, and the potential for good aqueous solubility. The in vivo oral and iv pharmacokinetic profiles of example compounds confirmed the high oral bioavailability predicted from these in vitro screens. 5-(5-Acetyl-2-butoxy-3-pyridinyl)-3-ethyl-2-(1-ethyl-3-azetidinyl)-2,6-dihydro-7H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one (2) was selected for progression into the clinic.

Scientific References:

1.Lichens:Research and Update.

Claims & Warning:

Claims: Information this web site presented is meant for Nutritional Benefit and as an educational starting point only, for use in maintenance and promotion good health in cooperation with a common knowledge base reference...Furthermore,it based solely on the traditional and historic use or legend of a given herb from the garden of Adonis. Although every effort has been made to ensure its accurate, please note that some info may be outdated by more recent scientific developments......

Pharmakon Warning: The order of knowledge is not the transparent order of forms and ideas,as one might be tempted retrospectively to interpret it; it is the antidote....(Dissemination,Plato's Pharmacy,II.The Ingredients:Phantasms,Festivals,and Paints;138cf. Jacques Derrida.).

And as it happens,the technique of imitation,along with the production of the simulacrum,has always been in Plato's eyes manifestly magical,thaumaturgical:......and the same things appear bent and straight to those who view them in water and out,or concave and convex,owing to similar errors of vision about colors, and there is obviously every confusion of this sort in our souls.And so scene painting (skiagraphia) in its exploitation of this weakness of four nature falls nothing short of witchcraft (thaumatopoia), and so do jugglery and many other such contrivances.(Republic X,602c-d;cf.also 607c).