Fo-Ti is one of the most widely used Chinese tonic herbs. Fo-Ti Root is well recognized as a rejuvenating and longevity tonic in China, where it's consumed routinely by those concerned with youthful strength and vigor. There is also evidence that Fo-Ti offers natural nutritional support for healthy cholesterol levels.
The part of this plant used is its root. Fo Ti is second only to ginseng in traditional Chinese medicine. Fo Ti, according to Chinese legend, was used by a 58 year old man who ate it and then fathered many children. It has been used to tread colic, enteritis or the inflammation of the intestines, gout and hemorrhoids.
Called the "Elixir of Life," Fo-ti tonic is said to produce longevity, fertility and vitality. Taking Fo-ti is said to keep one vigorous and extends one's life span. It is a vine plant that grows well in a shady bed.
He Shou Wu is a very famous herb in the Orient, used by millions regularly to help develop Qi. It is China's most renowned "longevity herb." It has acquired a broad reputation as a youth preserver, rejuvenator and sexual tonic.
The Chinese common name for fo-ti, he-shou-wu, was the name of a Tang dynasty man whose infertility was supposedly cured by fo-ti; in addition, his long life was attributed to the tonic properties of this herb. Since then, traditional Chinese medicine has used fo-ti to treat premature aging, weakness, vaginal discharges, numerous infectious diseases, angina pectoris, and impotence.
News:Old Foti Root
12 th of May,Farmer Mr.Xiao Chen You who settled at long xing village of wulong county collected an old Foti root with man shape at a coast hill side,goose neck area of Hang Kou town.According to self instruction of Mr.Xiao,he found this old Foti when hurrying to local market place,when passed the coast hill side,he got it and did not know its Foti root that time,he do collected it only for its nice looks.Later,when he heard it maybe was Foti root,he brings it to local doctor of TCM,it was said at least 300 years old and with high value of pharmaceutical uses.
Look at this Foti root as photo titled,this root of Foti looks like a man with faces,head,eyes,nose,lips,leg and weight about 4.8kgs,50 cm length,Oh,Its huge!
Description of Fo-ti:
Origin:
The root tuber of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb., or Fallopia multiflora (.), a perennial climber, of the family Polygonaceae. Native to east Asia, the plant is grown along the banks of streams and in valley shrub thickets in China, Malaysia, etc.
The plant grows to about 4.5 m high. It is in flower from September to October. The flowers are hermaphrodite (have both male and female organs) and are pollinated by insects. The plant can grow in semi-shade (light woodland) or no shade. It requires moist soil.
Fleece flower is produced in most parts of China. The root tuber is dug in spring and autumn, preferably from plants 3 - 4 years old, washed clean, sliced and dried in the sun, which is known as raw fleece-flower root. That prepared by steaming with the juice of black soybean (till getting brown) and drying (till getting black) in the sun is called prepared fleece-flower root.
Fo - Ti is a plant native to China, where it continues to be widely grown. The unprocessed root is sometimes used. However, once it has been boiled in a special liquid made from black beans, it is considered a superior and rather different medicine according to traditional Chinese medicine. The unprocessed root is sometimes called white fo-ti and the processed root red fo-ti.
Western Medicine Fashion:
He shou wu is used for treating lymph node tuberculosis, cancer, and constipation. It is also used orally as a liver and kidney tonic; as a blood and vital essence toner; nourishing muscles, tendons, and bones. He shou wu is also used orally for hyperlipidemia, insomnia, limb numbness, lower back and knee soreness or weakness, premature graying, and dizziness with tinnitus.
Topically,He shou wu is used for sores, carbuncles, skin eruptions, and itching.
Parts Used:The unprocessed root is sometimes used. However, once it has been boiled in a special liquid made from black beans, it is considered a superior and rather different medicine according to traditional Chinese medicine. The unprocessed root is sometimes called "White Fo-Ti", and the processed root is "Red Fo-Ti".
White Fo-Ti and Red Fo-Ti:
Traditional Chinese herbalists place great emphasis on the shape & age of the roots, with the older roots being in greater demand. The unprocessed root is sometimes used. However, once it has been boiled in a special liquid made from black beans, it is considered a superior and rather different medicine according to traditional Chinese medicine. The unprocessed root is sometimes called "White Fo-Ti", and the processed root is "Red Fo-Ti". The Chinese common name for Fo-Ti, he-shou-wu, was the name of a Tang dynasty man whose infertility was supposedly cured by Fo-Ti; in addition, his long life was attributed to the tonic properties of this herb. Since then, traditional Chinese medicine uses Fo-Ti to treat premature aging, weakness, vaginal discharges, numerous infectious diseases, angina pectoris, and impotence.
Active Compounds and Phytochemicals:
The active constituents of fo-ti have yet to be determined. The whole root has been shown to lower cholesterol levels, according to animal and human research, as well as to decrease hardening of the arteries, or atherosclerosis. Other fo-ti research has investigated this herb's role in strong immune function, red blood cell formation, and antibacterial action. The unprocessed roots possess a mild laxative effect.
Chemical studies of he shou wu have revealed the presence of chrysophanol and emodin (both in the free state and combined as glycosides) together with a small amount of rhein. All of these anthraquinone derivatives possess cathartic properties that account for the drug's noted effectiveness in the treatment of constipation. In Chinese literature, a distinction is made between "raw he shou wu" and "cured he shou wu." The latter undergoes steaming for twelve hours and sun drying for eight hours, with the processes repeated up to nine times. Recent Chinese works call for steaming for thirty-two hours, which results in a reduction of free and conjugated anthraquiones by 42 to 96 percent. Most Western literature on the drug fails to distinguish between the processed and unprocessed root. More recent Chinese studies have also shown antimicrobial, liver protectant, and cholesterol-reducing activity.
An alcoholic extract from fo-ti roots yielded three bioactive compounds: E-2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene, 2-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside(2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene 2-O-glucopyranoside) and cis- and trans-E-3-butylidene-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-6,7-dihydroxy-1(3H)-isobenzofuranone. Two of these compounds were found to be calcium-ATPase inhibitors.
Historical Uses and Application:
History and folk medicine legends:
The Chinese common name for fo-ti, he-shou-wu, was the name of a Tang dynasty man whose infertility was supposedly cured by fo-ti; in addition, his long life was attributed to the tonic properties of this herb. Since then, traditional Chinese medicine has used fo-ti to treat premature aging, weakness, vaginal discharges, numerous infectious diseases, angina pectoris, and impotence.
Chung Yun, a famous Chinese herbalist who reportedly lived to be 256 years old, used Fo-Ti on a daily basis. This herb is thought to have been responsible for both his long life and his legendary sexual prowess, (he was said to have had 24 wives).
Fo-ti has a history of reversing and preventing the effects of aging, through a story of a Chinese farmer "Black haired Mr. He". This story gave the herb it's name, Hu shou wu meaning "Black haired Mr. He".
Historical Uses and Application:
The Chinese common name for fo-ti, he-shou-wu, was the name of a Tang dynasty man whose infertility was supposedly cured by fo-ti. In addition, his long life was attributed to the tonic properties of this herb. Since then, Traditional Chinese Medicine has used fo-ti to treat premature aging, weakness, vaginal discharges, numerous infectious diseases, angina pectoris, and erectile dysfunction.
Uses: The reddish brown tuberous root grows to enormous proportions, used as a longevity and sexual tonic for men and to help build blood. Tonic, laxative, antispasmodic, antibacterial used in China to treat dizziness tetanus, cramps, prematurely gray hair, and to increase mental clarity. See anti-aging products. Roots are used to restore blood, liver and kidneys, and is precribed for conditions as varied as vertigo, insomnia, lumbago and constipation. Recent evidence shows it to be effective against high blood pressure and hardening of the arteries and veins.
A laxative effect is probably the only real action of he shou wu, at least as far as is presently known. Other species of Polygonum do contain leucoanthocyanidins that possess anti-inflammatory activity, decrease blood coagulability, and have various cardiovascular effects. It is possible that some of these compounds may eventually be discovered in he shou wu. Until then, the drug must be categorized simply as a laxative with various undetermined side effects.
Traditional Chinese herbalists place great emphasis on the shape & age of the roots, with the older roots being in greater demand.
The unprocessed root is sometimes used. However, once it has been boiled in a special liquid made from black beans, it is considered a superior and rather different medicine according to traditional Chinese medicine.
The unprocessed root is sometimes called "White Fo-Ti", and the processed root is "Red Fo-Ti".
Modern research indicates that this herb contains an alkaloid that has rejuvenating effects on the nerves, brain cells and endocrine glands. It stimulates a portion of the adrenal gland and helps to detoxify the body. Hair health, energy and sexual vigor are the products of this rejuvenation.
Folk Lore:
The Chinese common name for Fo-Ti, he-shou-wu, was the name of a Tang dynasty man whose infertility was supposedly cured by Fo-Ti; in addition, his long life was attributed to the tonic properties of this herb. Since then, traditional Chinese medicine uses Fo-Ti to treat premature aging, weakness, vaginal discharges, numerous infectious diseases, angina pectoris, and impotence.
There are many literature about foti root:He-Show-Wu from ancient China,a story name He-Shou-Wu Legend written by Li Ao of Tang Dynasty spread widely.According to the description,He Shou Wu is a native people of Nan He County of Shun Zhou,his grandfather named Neng Si,his father named Yan Xiu.Original name of Neng Si is Tian Er,weakly from childhood,no sexual desire when grew up,got to mountains for learning Taoism.One day,Neng Si drunk and sleep on stones in day,its nearly night when he woke up,catch sight of a plant with double stems and numerous leaves,the stems and leaves intersected little by little and diparted later,he astonished of this scene.The next day,Neng Si dig out the root from the plant and dig out a root,he hand it to many people and no one named it,an old man said it may be a kind of elixir.Neng Si want to try its effects and have it taken for 7 days, and he suddenly got sexual desire that day.He keep trying it 3 to 4 months and bacame strong,after 1 year taken this root,Neng Si got rid of his old disease and looks fine,hair became black and shining.In the following 10 years,Neng Si had several sons and daughters,so he changed his name from Tian Er to Neng Si.Later he offer this root to his son Yan Xiu, and Yan Xiu offer this root to his son Shou Wu,the grandfather Neng Si and his son,grandson all live to 160 years old.Li Qi An is a neighbour and good friend of Shou Wu,he take this root and live very long,and he make this root public known,many people try this and it functions fine,so they name this root He Shou Wu which could extend life longevity and make hair black.
Fo-ti protein-sugar complexes or fo-ti lectins:antibodies substitutor,plaques inhibitor and boost immune system
Processed fo-ti contains protein-sugar complexes known as lectins. Extracts of the plant have shown antipyretic, antitumour, hypoglycaemic (treat type II diabetes) and sedative activity.
Processed fo-ti contains protein-sugar complexes known as lectins. Because they attach to specific arrangements of carbohydrates on cells in the body, lectins act like antibodies, but they do not cause allergy symptoms. The lectins in processed fo-ti may affect fat levels in the blood, helping to prevent or delay heart disease by blocking the formation of plaques in blood vessels. Plaques are accumulations of fat and other cells that restrict the size of blood vessels and limit the flexibility of their walls.
Because they attach to specific arrangements of carbohydrates on cells in the body, lectins act like antibodies, but they do not cause allergy symptoms. The lectins in processed fo-ti may affect fat levels in the blood, helping to prevent or delay heart disease by blocking the formation of plaques in blood vessels. Plaques are accumulations of fat and other cells that restrict the size of blood vessels and limit the flexibility of their walls. In animal studies, processed fo-ti also reduced the amount of fat that deposited in the liver and it may protect the liver from damage by toxins such as dry cleaning fluid. Processed fo-ti may also have immune system effects.
Antimicrobial: Foti root exhibits antimicrobial properties against mycobacteria and malaria.
Bodybuilding: Long considered the ¡°best¡± energy herb, Fo-Ti (or He Shou Wu) has been found to have a number of useful benefits besides merely increasing physical energy. It also helps purify the blood, reduces blood cholesterol levels (and thus the risk of associated heart disease), lowers blood pressure, has a cleansing effect on the liver and kidneys, and has been used for constipation, insomnia, and nausea. Fo-Ti is especially useful to bodybuilders as it also strengthens bones, ligaments, and muscles. It also has been shown to aid in the production of red blood cells.
Among the Chinese, Fo-Ti has long been believed to preserve youthfulness (including hair color), sexuality, and fertility.While modern science has yet to prove that it is a ¡°fountain of youth¡± a number of studies have supported the benefits to cholesterol levels, liver and kidneys, bone and muscle strength, and energy,all of importance to any serious bodybuilder.
Blood sugar levels: Chinese research has revealed that he shou wu helps to increase the levels of sugar in the blood.
Blood-deficiency syndrome marked by pale, dizziness, palpitation, irregular menstruation: it is used with herbs for replenishing blood and regulating menstruation, such as Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Radix Rehmanniae Preparata, Colla Corii Asini, Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong, etc.
Cholesterol levels:Protect arteries The whole root has been shown to lower cholesterol levels, according to animal and human research, as well as to decrease hardening of the arteries, or arteriosclerosis. Lecithin functions prevent the aggradation of cholesterol in liver and resort of lipoid in blood serum,so as prevent arteriosclerosis.
In animal experiments in China, he shou wu was shown to reduce raised blood cholesterol levels significantly. Also, in a clinical trial, over 80% of patients with high blood cholesterol who had been taking decoctions of the root showed an improvement.Fleece flower root is taken internally in the treatment of menstrual and menopausal complaints, constipation in the elderly, swollen lymph gands and high cholesterol levels. It is very effective in reducing high cholesterol levels in the blood and increase blood sugar levels.
Countering infection: In China, experiments have demonstrated that he shou wu has the ability to counter the tuberculosis bacillus, and it is thought that it may be helpful in the treatment of malaria.
Clearing away toxins: The raw fleece flower root can also function in clearing away toxins and lubricating the bowels, serving to treat scrofula, carbuncle and constipation due to dryness of the bowels.
Constipation due to deficiency of the blood and dryness of the bowels: Fo-Ti does contain a number of glycosides that account for the herbs use as a remedy for stomach disorders and constipation. it is often used with chinese angelica root, hemp seed, etc. The stem is deobstruent (removes obstructions) and sedative. It is taken internally in the treatment of insomnia and neurasthenia (a condition of nervous debility supposed to be dependent upon impairment in the functions of the spinal cord) whilst it is applied externally to ringworm.
Deficiency of both the liver and kidney and insufficiency of essence and blood manifested as weakness of the loins and legs, vertigo, blurred vision, insomnia, ammesia, premature grey hair, etc.: it is often used with herbs for replenishing the liver ad kidney, and enriching essence and blood, such as Semen Cuscutae, Fructus Lycii, Radix Angelicae Sinensis,Fructus Psoraleae, Radix Achyrant his, Bidentatae, etc.
Fatty acid synthase inhibitor: Fo-ti is a Chinese herbal obtained from the roots of the polygonum multiflorun. Fo-Ti is well known for its properties as an adaptogen and its purported role in increasing longevity, preventing premature aging and graying hair. More recently, it has been found that fo-ti is a fatty acid synthase inhibitor. Fatty acid synthase is the only enzyme that can generate fats within the cell; all other fat comes from the diet. The inhibition of this enzyme can help to reduce fat storage and production in the fat cell.
Energy booster and nutritional support:
Most herbalists say a lack of energy is caused by impurities in the body and/or vitamin and mineral deficiencies. FO-TI is an energy booster and provides nutritional support to the circulatory system and helps remove impurities which can cause lack of energy.Youthful vigor, increase energy:Eastern and Western herbalists recommend Fo-Ti as a tonic to maintain youthful vigor, increase energy, tone the kidneys and liver and purify the blood. It is also employed as a remedy for insomnia, stomach upset, and diabetes. Fo-Ti contains a number of glycosides that account for the herbs use as a remedy for stomach disorders and constipation.
Estrogen-Like Effects:
One of the most important issues in women's health concerns the risks and benefits of estrogen replacement therapy. Continual uncertainty and lack of consensus regarding estrogen replacement therapy has driven many women to seek alternative sources of estrogen, including herbal remedies. We adapted a recombinant cell bioassay to measure estrogen bioactivity in herbs. We studied, in vitro, estrogen bioactivity in red clover, dong quai, black cohosh, soy, licorice, chaste tree berry, fo-ti, and hops. Soy, clover, licorice, and hops have a large amount of measurable estrogen bioactivity, as suspected, based on previous reports using other methods. We discovered surprisingly high estrogen activity in extracts of fo-ti not previously reported. Chaste tree berry, black cohosh, and dong quai did not have measurable activity with this method. We also discovered that removal of a glycone group from soy increases its estrogen bioactivity significantly. We conclude that this recombinant cell bioassay for estradiol can be used to measure bioactivity in herbal products. The preparations of fo-ti studied had estrogen activity of 409 +- 55 pmol/liter estradiol equivalents per microgram of herb, which is 1/300th the activity of 17 beta-estradiol. Clinical studies are underway to determine the estrogen bioactivity in women using dietary supplements containing these herbs.[Karen Oerter Klein,Mona Janfaza,Jeffrey A. Wong and R. Jeffrey Chang.University of California,San Diego,San Diego, California 92123]
Fertility boost:
Fo-Ti (Polygonum multiflorum): First mentioned in Chinese herbal medicine in 713 A.D., it has become one of the most important and widely used. It is taken regularly for its rejuvenating and toning properties and to increase fertility in both men and women.
Laxative effect:
The unprocessed roots possess a mild laxative effect.
Longevity and rejuvenating tonic:Adaptogen&Anti-Aging.
Fo-Ti (Polygonum multiflorum) is one of the most widely used Chinese tonic herbs. Fo-Ti Root is well recognized as a rejuvenating and longevity tonic in China, where it's consumed routinely by those concerned with youthful strength and vigor. There is also evidence that Fo-Ti offers natural nutritional support for healthy cholesterol levels. It is an Adaptogen.In China, millions take fo-ti regularly for its rejuvenating and toning properties. It is used to increase liver and kidney function and to cleanse the blood. The plant is also prescribed for symptoms of premature aging such as gray hair.
Lower cholesterol levels:
The whole root has been shown to lower cholesterol levels, according to animal and human research, as well as to decrease hardening of the arteries, or atherosclerosis. Other fo-ti research has investigated this herb's role in strong immune function, red blood cell formation and antibacterial action
Liver & kidney remedy: The leaves and roots tonify the liver and kidneys, fortify the blood, strengthen the muscles and prevent premature greying of the hair.In Chinese herbal medicine, he shou wu' s most important use is as a tonic for the liver and kidneys.The prepared herb is slightly warm but not dry and not greasy. It functions in replenishing the liver and kidney, benefiting essence and blood, astringing primordial energy. By strengthening liver and kidney function, he shou wu helps to cleanse the blood, enabling the qi to circulate freely around the whole body.Replenishes the liver and kidney, enriches vital essence and blood, lubricates the bowel, moistens the intestines, relieves constipation, and clears away toxins.
Malaria: The herb is prescribed in the treatment of chronic malaria, when he shou wu is often combined with ginseng (Panax ginseng), Chinese angelica (Angelica sinensis,), and green tangerine peel (Citrus reticulata).
For Chronic malaria due to deficiency of both qi and blood: it is often used with ginseng, chineseangelica root, tangerine peel, etc., as in Decoction of Fleece Flower Root and Ginseng (He Ren Yin).
Nerve & blood tonic: He shou wu is given in Chinese herbal medicine to people with symptoms, such as dizziness, weakness, numbness, and blurred vision, which indicate inefficient nerves and "blood deficiency."
Popular Chinese tonic: Although he shou wu is not the earliest tonic herb listed in Chinese herbal medicine (it is first mentioned in AD 713), he shou wu has certainly become one of the most important and widely used. He shou wu is taken regularly by millions of people throughout the East for its rejuvenating and toning properties and to increase fertility in both men and women.
Premature aging: He shou wu is prescribed in China for people showing signs of premature aging, including graying of the hair. This use suggests that the herb supports the body, helping it function in a balanced, healthy way.
Scrofula, pyogenic infection and ulcer of skin: it is used with herbs for softening the hard mass and removing scrofula, such as Spica Prunellae, Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae, Radix Scrophulariae, etc.
Vitality and virility: Fleece flower root is considered to be one of the most important of the Chinese herbal tonics and is widely used. It is said to restore vitality and virility, working especially on the liver and the reproductive, urinary and circulatory systems. This herb is mild in action and very effective in tonification. It is said that anyone who takes this herb regularly for a long period can prolong his life. It serves to treat insufficiency of both the liver and kidey, deficiency of essence and blood, and deability of the lower-jiao.
Fo-ti and Other uses:
Blood deficiency, premature graying of the hair, nerve damage, wind rash, eczema, sores, carbuncles, goiter, scrofula and inflammation of lymph nodes and heat toxicity. The herb is also used to lower cholesterol and blood pressure and restore from exhaustion.
Common Uses,Actions and Properties:
In China Fo-Ti (Ho-Shou-Wu in that country) is one of the most popular herbal tonics among the elderly, it is said to tranquilize the spirit, nourish the blood and invigorate the meridians. The properties of this herb are often compared to Ginseng, but it has not yet been subjected to rigorous experimental study. In Oriental philosophy, it is said to increase Yin, thereby improving physical and mental health. Research indicates Fo-Ti can lower blood cholesterol levels, help prevent atherosclerosis, reduce hypertension and lower incidence of coronary heart disease. Chinese Medicine also indicates Fo-Ti as having anti-toxic, anti-swelling and tranquilizing properties as well as being useful for liver and speen weakness, vertigo, scrofula, cancer, constipation and as a sedative for insomnia. Also indicated as having beneficial effects on fertility and other female functions involving ovulation.
Remedies For: Fo Ti is used for Atherosclerosis,Constipation,Fatigue,High cholesterol,Immune function
Uses: Atherosclerosis, Constipation, Fatigue, High cholesterol, Hair Health, Rejuvenation, Sexual Vigour, Detox the body, Lower cholesterol and blood pressure
Fo-ti is available in both unprocessed and processed forms. Unprocessed fo-ti (also known as "white" fo-ti because its color is usually much lighter than the processed form) is taken by mouth for its laxative effect. Topically (applied on the skin), unprocessed fo-ti is used to treat skin conditions such as acne, athlete's foot, dermatitis, razor burn, and scrapes. Processed fo-ti, also known as "red" fo-ti because it is much darker in color than the unprocessed variety, is used to prevent or delay heart disease by blocking the formation of plaque in blood vessels.
Actons And Properties:
Adaptogen,Astringent, demulcent, tonic, Blood-builder,Lowers cholesterol
Prepared fleece flower root: sweet and astringent in flavor, slightly warm in nature, it is related to the liver and kidney channels.
Raw fleece flower root: sweet and bitter in flavor, mild in nature, it is related to the heart, liver and large intestine channels.
Chinese-Energies:Warm,bitter and sour.
Chinese-Actions:Blood,semen and yin tonic,demulcent laxative,antidote,adaptogen,acts on kidney and liver
Tonic Action: energy tonic
In fact it is the most important longevity herb even surpassing ginseng and all other herbs for its use as a sexual tonic and youth preserver. He Shou Wu is an extremely important herb in the Chinese system as it has many properties useful to women and men of all ages. It's ability to increase energy, preserve youth and restore impaired sexual functioning has made it a favorite ingredient in Chinese patent medicine. More current research has found it to be effective in reducing cholesterol levels, doubtless due to the lecithin found in the root. Also used for lower back pain, insomnia, premature hair loss and graying, diabetes and hypo-glycemia. It also strengthens muscles, tendons, ligaments and bones. He Shou Wu is the favorite tonic of China. Current research has shown He Shu Wu to not only lower blood cholesterol and help prevent the retention of fats in the blood stream but it may also "prevent the penetration of fats in the arterial lining..." theoretically reducing arteriosclerosis.
The roots are tonic and nutritious. He Shou Wu is said to build strength in the Liver and Kidney, and also in the muscles and bones. It is said to preserve, or even rejuvenate, the original color of one's hair and to increase the "generative energy," increasing the sperm in men and fertility in women. It will calm the nervous system and clear the eyes. Its strength comes from its remarkable ability to cleanse the body by cleaning the kidney and liver, which in turn cleans the blood. By virtue of its ability to accumulate tremendous quantities of Qi into its root, this herb will tonify these organs and will fortify the blood. Though He Shou Wu provides abundant Qi, it is not a stimulant, and is in fact slightly sedative.
Pharmacology:Foti Root
Delaying the aging process:
1).Protecting superoxide dismutase (SOD): the herb can arrest bupleurum or cortisone-induced decrease in SOD in mice's blood, and restore it to the normal level.2).Affecting monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity: MAO-B, one of two types of MAO, is closely related to the aging process, and researchers have found that among a number of herbs that affect MAO activity, this herb is the greatest inhibitor of MAO activity, with the inhibiting rate reaching as high as 82% when the concentration is at 248mg/ml.
Animal data:A Chinese-13-herb mixture (¡°shou xing bu zhi¡±) that includes fo-ti has been studied for its antisenility effects in mice. Results showed this mixture was effective in slowing the aging process. It is also indicated for insomnia, weak bones, constipation and atherosclerosis.Lifespan and lipid studies of fo-ti in quails have been performed. Fo-ti also has been shown to reduce blood cholesterol levels in animals. The root portion of the plant has exhibited an inhibitory effect on triglyceride accumulation and has reduced enlargement of mice livers.
Clinical data:In a clinical trial in humans, fo-ti had similar cholesterol-lowering effects.
Enhancing immunity:Anti Tumor
This herb is found to: 1).increase the weight of mice's thymus gland and delaying the gland's atrophy process;2).enhance the phagocytic function of mice's abdominal macrophage; and 3). enhance the immunological function of T and B lymphocytes.
Emodin exhibited vasodilation and immunosuppressive effects in rats, suggesting its usefulness against transplantation rejection and autoimmune disease. Extract of he shou wu significantly reduced tumor incidence in rats in another report.The Chinese use the root of the plant for cancer as well.
Enhancing adrenocortical function:
This herb is found to: 1).increase mice's adrenal gland, and 2).increase the hepatic glycogen content in hungry mice whose adrenal gland has been removed.
Effects on hematopoietic cells:
He Shou Wu promotes hematopoietic stem cells.
Effects on the cardiovascular system:
Injecting this herb to the isolated frog heart decreases the rate of heartbeat, an effect that intensifies with the increase of dosage. This herb also counteracts the heartbeat rate increase induced by isoproterenol, and to some extent it prevents myocardial ischemia.
Lowering blood fat:
Taking the herb orally at the dosage of 5g/kg by patients of high cholesterol can lower cholesterol to the normal level - after 7 consecutive days of treatment, the total cholesterol level in the treatment group has been lowered to 88 +- 11mg% (compared to the control group's 188 +- 12mg%; p<0.01); the effect of taking this herb at the dosage of 15g/kg (water decoction) is about equivalent to that of taking atromid-S at the dosage of 200mg/kg.
Fleece flower root functions in lowering high serum cholesterol in the rabbit; exciting the isolated frog heart, especially the fatigue heart; slowering down heart rate; increasing coronary flow; promoting intestinal peristalis to induce purgation; increasing blood sugar; inhibiting Mycobacterium tuberculosis hominis, Flexner's bacillus shigella flexneri, influenza virus; accelerating the regeneration of the red blood cells; and strengthening cold-resistant ability in mouse.
Protecting the liver:
In experiments on mice, both the raw and processed versions of this herb lower the hydroprednisone acetate-induced hepatic fat buildup, and lessen the hepatomegaly induced by carbon tetrachloride poisoning. Furthermore, researchers have found that this herb can stabilize liver cells by way of membrane mechanism.
Antibacterial effect:
Experiments indicate that both the raw and processed versions of this herb inhibit a number of bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus albus, Shigella flexneri, Shigella sonnei, typhoid bacillus, Bacillus paratyphosus, Bacillus diphtheriae, and beta hemolytic streptococcus. The mean inhibitory concentration invariably falls between 0.08 and 0.5g/ml.
Other Effects:
Stilbenes isolated from polygonum species have been evaluated on rat peritoneal polymorphonuclear leukocyte lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase activity.
A mixture including fo-ti has been studied for its effects on glucocorticoid receptor in senile rat thymocyte.
The plant has also been shown to inhibit lipid peroxidation in isolated rat heart mitochondria.Fo-ti also exhibits antimicrobial properties against mycobacteria and malaria.
Other uses of the plant include: To increase fertility, to increase blood sugar levels,to treat anemia and to relieve muscle aches.
Dosage and Administration:How much fo ti should I take?
Note: In the United States, Canada, and other English-speaking countries, no distinction may be made between unprocessed or processed fo-ti. Be sure that the product you purchase is appropriate for the condition you intend to treat.
Both types of fo-ti are available individually in a number of oral dosage forms that include bulk powder, capsules, extracts, and syrups. Much more frequently, one or both forms are included in tonics that contain 15 or more herbals. All of these fo-ti products have different dosage recommendations for different conditions. If you decide to use fo-ti, follow the directions on the package you purchase.
As a tonic, fo-ti has been taken daily for lifetimes by millions of individuals. In general, however, laxatives should be used only long enough to correct constipation ? never longer than 7 to 10 days because prolonged use has been associated with the loss of potassium from the body. Potassium levels that are too low can cause muscle weakness and potentially dangerous heart rhythm changes.
Dosage: A tea can be made from processed roots by boiling 3-5 grams in 250 ml (1 cup) of water for ten to fifteen minutes. Three or more cups are drunk each day. Fo-ti tablets, each in the amount of 500 mg, are also available. Many people take five tablets three times per day.
Standard Dosage: 10-30 g. Decocted in water for an oral dose. Prepared fleece flower root should be used for replenishing the vital essence and blood. The raw fleece flower root is used to treat malaria, clearing away toxins and moistening the bowels. Fresh fleece flower root is the best for clearing away toxin and moistening the bowels.
Many herbalists and TCM practitioners recommend 4~8 grams of fo ti per day, which can be taken either in capsules or in tea form.
The typical recommended intake is 1~1 1/2 teaspoons (4~8 grams) per day.5 A tea can be made from processed roots by boiling 1/2~1 teaspoons (3~5 grams) in 1 cup (250 ml) of water for ten to fifteen minutes. Three or more cups are suggested each day. Five fo-ti tablets (500 mg each) can be taken three times per day.
Indicated for: Blood deficiency, premature graying of the hair, nerve damage, wind rash, eczema, sores, carbuncles, goiter, scrofula and inflammation of lymph nodes and heat toxicity. Immune boosting.
Available forms,safety of Fo-ti root:
Available forms,safety of Fo-ti root:
Processed and powdered fo ti root can be found in many health food stores. Most stores also sell fo ti tablets and capsules.
What can happen if I take too much fo ti? Are there any interactions I should be aware of? What precautions should I take?
Taking more than 15 grams of processed fo ti root powder may cause numbness or tingling in the arms and legs. Unprocessed root may cause mild diarrhea in some individuals.
There are currently no known drug interactions with fo ti. However, patients should consult with a health care provider before taking fo ti supplements
Side Effects: Unprocessed fo-ti?s laxative effect may lead to hypokalemia (low potassium levels) if it is taken for longer than a few days at a time. Processed fo-ti has been associated with hepatitis in at least one documented case. Either form of fo-ti may cause an allergic reaction, usually seen as a skin rash.
Preparations: The whole root, sliced root, root powder, capsules, tablets, and tinctures are found in the American market, mostly in tonics. Unfortunately, few American herb books (and even the scientific literature) make a distinction between the unprocessed and processed forms of the roots. The processed forms have been boiled in a special black bean liquid according to traditional methods. This "curing" process changes the action of the root. Most American products contain the cheaper unprocessed root, which is mildly laxative. The unprocessed root is light brown to brown in color while the processed or cured root is dark reddish brown.
Precautions: Potential adverse effects of this herb are mainly digestive canal reaction, with thin stool seen in the majority of cases, and occasional light abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting.
Cautions: The unprocessed root can cause loose stools or diarrhea, sometimes with intestinal pain and nausea. The unprocessed root is considered potentially more toxic than the processed form. One case of allergic reaction to the cured root has been reported, although this form of fo-ti is considered to be minimally toxic when taken in proper doses. Large doses have resulted in numbness of the extremities as well as skin rashes.
In cases of loose stool or profuse damp phlegm, fleece flower root should not be prescribed. Also, people with a tendency to rheumatism, arthritis, gout, kidney stones or hyperacidity should take especial caution if including this plant in their diet since it can aggravate their condition.
Excessive doses can cause skin rash and numbness of the extremeties. Although no specific mention has been made for this species, there have been reports that some members of this genus can cause photosensitivity in susceptible people.
Many species also contain oxalic acid (the distinctive lemony flavor of sorrel) - whilst not toxic this substance can bind up other minerals making them unavailable to the body and leading to mineral deficiency. Having said that, a number of common foods such as sorrel and rhubarb contain oxalic acid and the leaves of most members of this genus are nutritious and beneficial to eat in moderate quantities. Cooking the leaves will reduce their content of oxalic acid.
Safety: The unprocessed roots may cause mild diarrhea. Some people who are sensitive to fo-ti may develop a skin rash. Very high doses may cause numbness in the arms or legs.
Side Effects,Adverse Reactions:
The unprocessed roots may cause mild diarrhea.Some people who are sensitive to fo-ti may develop a skin rash. Taking more than 15 grams of processed root powder may cause numbness in the arms or legs.Mild side effects such as skin rash and diarrhea may occur while taking fo-ti. Numbness in the arms and legs can occur when an excess of 15 processed grams of fo-ti are taken daily. Side effects are considered minimal.The unprocessed roots may cause mild diarrhea.Some people who are sensitive to fo-ti may develop a skin rash.One case report describes herb-induced hepatitis in a 31-year-old pregnant Chinese woman from medicine prepared from the plant. The use of these compounds in pregnant women should be discouraged.
At the time of writing, there were no well-known drug interactions with fo-ti.
Summary:Unprocessed fo-ti may be taken by mouth as a laxative. It may also be applied to relieve minor skin conditions. Processed fo-ti is purported to prevent or slow plaque formation in blood vessels and it may protect the liver from damage, as well. Both forms of fo-ti may reduce cholesterol levels.
Risks:Taking fo-ti may worsen bowel, liver, or stomach conditions. Pregnant and breast-feeding women are advised to avoid its use.
Ho-shou-wu is essentially non-toxic and without any serious side-effects. However, it contains anthraquinones which tend to cause soft stool and may even cause slight diarrhea in some users. The processed ho-shou-wu has less of this effect than the dried ho-shou-wu. Because of this effect, it is recommended that persons who already suffer from loose stool use this herb cautiously. There is a very slight chance of liver hypersensitivity to intestinal metabolites of the ho-shou-wu active ingredients. Recently, a clinical report of one such case was published. However, given the very wide-spread use of this herb, it is reasonable to assume that the chances of such an adverse response are quite small.
Toxicity:
Acute Toxicity.LD50: 50g/kg (mice/oral-feeding/alcohol-based raw herb percolate); 2.7g/kg (mice/abdominal injection/alcohol-based raw herb percolate); processed, the herb has a much lower toxicity.Reference:Shen Dao Xiu, et al. Journal of Chinese Patent Formulas. 1982;(1):21. There is little information in the area of toxicology from fo-ti. However, all plants that contain anthraquinone cathartic compounds should be used cautiously to prevent developing dependence on their laxative effects.
Raw fleece-flower root is more toxic than prepared one. In general, there are no side effects in clinical applications. But some people will have more times of stool, slight diarrhea and abdominal pain after administration. A few will feel chest distress and intense heat inside.
Legend of Foti or Ho-Shou-Wu:
Ho-shou-wu (pinyin: heshouwu) is derived from the roots of Polygonum multiflorum. The herb was first recorded in the Ri Huazi Bencao (Tang Dynasty, 713 A.D.) and then incorporated into the well-known Kaibao Bencao (Song Dynasty; 973 A.D.). The herb was originally called jiaoteng, referring to its form: an intertwining vine (jiao = intersecting, teng = creepers). The newer name came from a story that is typically related something like this: Mr. Ho (full name, in pinyin, is He Tianer) from Hebei Province, at age 58, had not been able to father a child. A monk advised him to eat jiaoteng gathered from a mountain, which Ho then did, and consumed regularly. Soon after, he was able to father several children, his hair turned from gray to black, his vision improved, and his body became more youthful. He lived to age 130 (some say 160), still with black hair. Since then, the herb has been called Mr. Ho's hair is black (shou = head; wu = black). Ho's son is also reputed to have lived to be 130 years. This short version is derived from the following story, which is related in the Heshouwu Lun (Notes on Ho-shou-wu) by Li Ao, written around 813 A.D.:
The Buddhist priest Wenxiang was devoted to the art of nourishing life [this refers to the Taoist immortality practices]. On the 18th day of the 3rd month in the 7th year of the governmental period yun he [thus, in 812 A.D.], he was on Maoshan early in the morning, and there, in the vicinity of Huayang cave, he met an old man who said to him: "You have the appearance of an immortal. I will reveal to you a secret formula [as suggested by the following story].
An ancestor of He Shouwu, who lived in the district of Nanhe in Xunzhou, was originally named He Tianer and was later called Nengzi. He was born impotent [meaning, he couldn't bear children] and had turned to drinking wine. At the age of 58, he returned home drunk one night and was overcome by sleep while still outside. When he awoke again, he noticed on the field two shoots of climbing plants, which stood about 3 feet apart. The sprouts of these shoots were twisted around each other [thus, the original name of the plant, jiaoteng] and then separated, three or four times.
Tiener considered this to be strange and, therefore, dug out the root of the plant and asked all the people in the village and the wilderness, but no one was able to tell him its name. Thereupon he dried the plant in the sun. A man living nearby was an excellent jester and said to Tiener: "You are impotent, you are old and childless. This climbing plant struck you as peculiar, now surely it is supposed to serve you as a divine drug. Why don't you take it?"
Thereupon, Tiener sifted out a fine powder of the drug and took it with wine. After 7 days, he suddenly recognized clearly the principles of human life. After several tens of days had passed, he felt unburdened and strong, and he could barely control his sexual desire. He married a widow named Cen and continued to take the drug regularly after that. He then increased the individual dose to 2 qian [about 6.2 grams]. After over 700 days, all of his previous complaints had disappeared, he regained his youthful appearance and begot a son. The people in the neighborhood were very astonished at this. During the following 10 years, Tiener became the father of several sons. He ascribed all this to the drug and said: "This was caused by the climbing plant. When one takes it, one can live to be 160 years old, and yet it is neither listed in the old prescriptions nor in the materia medicas [bencao].
I [the old man at the beginning of this story] have received this from my teacher [the Buddhist priest] who was told about it in Nanhe. Taking it helped me, also, to father children. Originally, I preferred peace of mind, and under no circumstances did I want to take this drug, because it is harmful to peace of mind [this refers to its stimulation of sexual desire]. My spouse took it accidentally and we attained the greatest happiness. Subsequently, I recorded all the effects of the drug for Tiener, and I changed his name to Nengzi [capable of begetting]. He died at the age of 160 and left 19 sons and daughters. His son He Yen, who also took the drug, reached the age of 160 as well, and left 30 sons and daughters. Yen's son, He Shouwu lived to the age of 130 by means of this drug, and fathered 21 children.
An Qi [a legendary herbalist from the Qin Dynasty who specialized in miraculous herbs] reports the following about this climbing plant: It has a sweet taste, warm nature, and belongs to the category of herbs without markedly curative power [that is, it has a slow and moderate action]. It masters the five hemorrhoidal complaints as well as all hidden illnesses and emaciating influences in the loins and abdomen. It expands the muscles and helps people to have many children because it increases one's semen [jing]. Taken as a food, this substance supplements the body's influences [qi] and strength, nourishes the skin, and prolongs life. Other names of the plant are yemiao [wild sprout], jiaojing [joining stalks; same basic meaning as jiaoteng], yehe [meeting at night], dijing [earth essence], and daoliu [peach and willow, meaning sexual joy; see also, below, the relation to the shape of the trees]. This climbing plant grows on the fields of Xunzhou, in the district of Nanhe. It is also frequently found in all regions of Lingnan. The sprouts of the plant are of the same size as those of mugao [the identity of this herb is not certain] and have a moist shimmer. They resemble the shape of peach and willow trees. The leaves are bent, grow individually with their backs facing, and are not opposite. There are male and female types of the plant. The sprouts of the male plant are yellow-white, those of the female are yellow-red. They grow at a distance from each other and unite at night. Some then become invisible. The female and male specimens should be gathered on cloudless days at the end of spring, in midsummer, or at the beginning of fall, and they should be dried in the hot sun. The herb is taken pulverized, together with wine. When gathering, one ought to make sure that the whole root is obtained. The root must not be washed, must be protected from moisture, and is rubbed clean of sand and soil by means of a piece of cloth; the rind must not be damaged. It is stored in a tightly closed container. Every month, the herb should again be dried in the sun. It must be taken only on even days, that is, on the second, fourth, sixth, and eighth day [etc.], and its use must be discontinued as soon as the clothes are soaked with perspiration, indicating that one's qi was brought into motion. While taking the herb, the consumption of meat and blood from pork and lamb are to be avoided.
Here [after relating this information], the old man ended and left. His walk resembled a swift wind. Censor Meng from the Provision Distribution Office in East Chekiang, was acquainted with Mr. He Shouwu. After he had tasted his herb, he said: "Its effects correspond to the tradition. It comes from Niudou Mountain in Bingzhou. The sprouts grow in a crawling fashion similar to that of bijie [Dioscorea sativa or Dioscorea tokoro]. The root resembles a threatening fist. The herb is taken fresh, after removal of the black rind. Because of the story related above, the people of the south call the herb heshouwu."
Processing of Fo-ti:
During the Tang Dynasty, Lin Daoren wrote the book The Secret Recipes of the Immortals for Treating Wounds and Fractures (Xian Shou Li Shang Xu Duan Mi Fang, 846 A.D.). In that book, he described the processing of ho-shou-wu to enhance its tonic properties (processed ho-shou-wu is sometimes called zhi heshouwu to distinguish it from the unprocessed form, which may be designated sheng shouwu). The processing method is to stew or steam the ho-shou-wu in black soybean (heidou) juice for several hours (up to three days, depending on the devotion of the processor to this method) and then dry the roots. This is a technique that is still used today. The black soy bean juice is prepared by boiling black soybeans in water for about 4 hours; the liquid that is left after the cooking is poured off and the beans are cooked again with less water for 3 hours; the resulting extract is combined with the former extract to make the juice. About 10 kg of black beans are used to process 100 kg of ho-shou-wu roots. Black beans are traditionally attributed with the property of supplementing blood and essence, and prolonged cooking or steaming of the herb is associated with enhancing its enriching and warming nature. The alchemical version of this processing, which is similar to the recommended method for making processed rehmannia, is to repeat the stewing or steaming 9 times. Thus, after preparing with the black soybean (overnight) and drying, it is again prepared with black soybean on the next day, and so on, until nine cycles have been completed. This repetition of processing was questioned by Chen Shiduo in his book New Compilation of Herbs (Qing Dynasty), in which he felt that the repeated processing would destroy the quality of the herb. Today, the single processing is relied upon.
According to the English-Chinese Rare Chinese Materia Medica, raw ho-shou-wu, that is, the dried root that has not been prepared with soybeans, is used to treat toxicosis (infections yielding abscess, swellings beneath the skin, sores, carbuncles, and eruptive diseases like rubella), inflammation, constipation, and hyperlipidemia. The soybean-prepared ho-shou-wu is used as a tonic for yin and blood, nourishing the hair, strengthening the bones and muscles, and used to treat pale complexion, dizziness, tinnitus, premature greying of hair, weakness of loins and knees, numbness of extremities, metrorrhagia, metrostaxis, profuse leukorrhea, weakness due to lingering diseases (e.g., malaria), and hyperlipemia. According to evaluations done with raw and processed ho-shou-wu, the processed version does have different properties, and is the one with the most dramatic effects on preserving the immune system functions. Processed ho-shou-wu is currently the only one that is regularly exported from China. During the past thousand years in China, processed ho-shou-wu has been used to nourish the liver and kidney, promote the growth of hair (see the following section on alopecia), and treat premature greying of hair.
The roots of ho-shou-wu are reddish brown. The taste is starchy, astringent and slightly bitter. The highest quality roots are those that have a high density and firm quality. In Hong Kong, the highest quality roots are sliced very thin and packaged carefully to display the color, shape, and luster of the slices; the ordinary quality roots are sliced thicker and sold in bulk packages.
To make a tea of ho-shou-wu, 9-15 grams of the sliced root (dried or processed root, as indicated for the application) is simmered in water (in a non-metallic pot) for 45 minutes (30 minutes is adequate for the thin slices). Aside from oral ingestion, the herb decoction can be applied locally: 1 concentrated tea can be used in a douche for leukorrhea (vaginal discharge), and ho-shou-wu tea is useful too as a gargle for pyorrhea (inflammation of the gums) or loose teeth.
Fo-Ti:substitutes and Alternatives,And Potential Mistakes in Identity:
Ho-shou-wu is prepared from the roots of Polygonum multiflorum, and there are dozens of related species of Polygonum used in Oriental medicine. Some of the same species of polygonum are recognized in Western herbalism as well, notably bistort (Polygonum bistorta), also used in China. All the Polygonum species used in medicine have in common a very starchy root (ho-shou-wu is about 40-50 percent starch) that is rich in tannins (up to 20 percent by weight); tannins produce the astringent effect.
According to Grieve's Herbal (1939), a British compendium of herbal lore:
Bistort root is one of the strongest astringent medicines -and may be used for all bleedings, whether external or internal, and wherever astringency is required. It is of proven excellence in diarrhea, dysentery, cholera and all bowel complaints; in hemorrhages from the lungs and stomach; (it is a most effectual remedy for bleeding from the nose and exceedingly useful in dealing with hemorrhoids. It is a useful wash in ulcerated mouth and gums, and as a gargle. It is also used as a lotion for ulcers attended with a discharge. Bistort is considered valuable for diabetes, given in conjunction with tonics, and has itself tonic action.
It is interesting to see the report that it is "exceedingly useful in dealing with hemorrhoids," in light of the ancient Chinese commentary that "it masters the five hemorrhoidal complaints." Similarly, the value of the herb in treating diabetes (which referred to early-onset diabetes, a wasting disease, in the days when this commentary was presented) compares with the ancient Chinese comment that it treats "emaciating" illnesses. So, there can be overlapping therapeutic properties among the different species of Polygonum.
Polygonum multiflorum is known as an imported garden plant, by the name of fleeceflower. Many modern books on Chinese herbs utilize this name in an attempt to approach Western readers in a more user friendly manner; unfortunately, almost no one knows it by this name. Another common name that has been applied is "flowery knotweed."
There is an herb known as baishouwu, which is the white-colored (bai) root used as a substitute for ho-shou-wu, derived from an unrelated plant, Cynanchum bungei. It is reported to have properties that are similar to ho-shou-wu, with similar taste and uses.
Labeling ho-shou-wu simply as "polygonum," is fraught with problems, since there are so many Polygonum species in standard usage, that it can easily be confused. In fact, in the common naming system adopted in 1976 by the Oriental Healing Arts Institute (see On the common names for Chinese herbs), polygonum is the designated common name for Polygonum aviculares (Chinese: bianxu), which is mainly used for urinary tract infections. Most of the other polygonum species are to be named, in accordance with this system, by their transliterated designations, such as ho-shou-wu and hu-chang.
One of the commonly used Polygonum species in modern medicine is Polygonum cuspidatum (hu-chang; huzhang). Originally, it was described as having uses similar to ho-shou-wu. For example, the Compiled Essence of All Medical Works commented: "the herb is sweet, bitter, and acrid in flavor and warm in nature; it tonifies the muscles and bones and increases strength." In Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold, it is said that "mixing the decoction of the herb with aged wine is effective for treating abdominal mass, tinnitus, heaviness of the limbs, irregular menstruation, and impotence." While other ancient texts mention its ability to invigorate blood circulation and resolve abdominal masses, today, hu-chang is described differently. In Oriental Materia Medica, this is said: "taste is sour, bitter, mildly pungent [acrid], cold property; clears up heat, invigorates blood, detoxifies, and disperses swelling." It would seem that a different species of Polygonum was used as the original source of hu-chang. Still, hu-chang is being used in a manner that is similar to ho-shou-wu in modern clinical practice. As an example, it was reported that hu-chang could significantly inhibit leukopenia (low white-blood-cell count) caused by the immunosuppressive drug cyclophosphamide. Hu-chang was found to be more potent in this regard than a mixture in which it was only one-third of the combination (with astragalus and millettia, two herbs commonly employed to treat leukopenia induced by drugs). Both ho-shou-wu and hu-chang are today used in formulas to treat tinnitus (see Treatment of tinnitus, vertigo, and Meniere's disease with Chinese herbs).
Polygonum multiflorum should not be confused with Polygonatum sibiricum, another precious Chinese herb tonic which has been called "the food of the immortals." Its Chinese name is huangjing, and ancient Chinese people thought that consuming it enabled them to increase their jing, the essence associated with health and longevity; because the unprocessed root is yellow (huang), it was so named. There are numerous Polygonatum species used in Chinese medicine, but it is important, especially, to keep in mind that the extra "at" in the name (Polygonatum) designates herbs from an entirely different plant family (Lilacea) than the Polygonum species (Polygonacea). To make matters worse, one of the sources of huangjing is Polygonatum multiflorum. Interestingly, ho-shou-wu and polygonatum are both used in treating hyperlipidemia (see Obesity and Hyperlipidemia).
Finally, it is important to recognize that the stem of Polygonum multiflorum, sometimes called shouwu stem or polygonum stem, is also used in Chinese medicine. The material, which appeared in the Kaibao Bencao along with the root material, is called yejiaoteng, thus retaining the original term jiaoteng (ye = night; recall the story of the stems intertwining at night). Like the root, the stem is used to nourish the blood, but this part of the plant is also said to tranquilize the spirit and invigorate the meridians. It is used for weakness, palpitation, and internal wind associated with blood deficiency.
Alopecia:
The treatment of premature graying of hair is not considered a medical necessity, so ho-shou-wu has not been subjected to critical analysis in relation to this claim. However, another problem with hair, alopecia, has been investigated. The treatments often contain ho-shou-wu.
Alopecia may arise from numerous causes, including stress reactions, hypothyroidism, local exposure to chemicals, therapies used for cancer, and genetic male-pattern balding. The disorder is often classified by its specific manifestation, such as patchy balding (alopecia areata), total loss of head hair (alopecia totalis), or total loss of body hair (alopecia universalis). Alopecia areata and alopecia totalis frequently affect women, and the disorder may persist for several months to about a year, sometimes longer.
According to the English-Chinese Encyclopedia of Practical Traditional Chinese Medicine, "alopecia is mostly caused by deficiency of liver and kidney with subsequent failure of [blood to go up and nourish] the hair. The hair pores are open when the hair is poorly nourished, and wind invades the pores on the occasion. Therefore, deficient blood with wind [invasion] leads to hair loss. However, stagnation of liver qi and impaired qi mechanism will also result in hair loss because of the malnutrition of hair due to stagnation of qi and stasis of blood."
In addition to ho-shou-wu, the nourishing herbs ligustrum and eclipta have the long-standing reputation of preventing the premature graying of hair and restoring gray hair to black; they have been applied as well for correcting hair loss following the theory that both graying of hair and hair loss may be due to lack of essential essences. Black sesame seed, taken internally or applied topically, has these qualities. Biota twig, used internally to stop bleeding, is also deemed valuable in treating alopecia; the twigs or the root bark are powdered and prepared as an ointment to cure burns and scalds and to make hair grow back on the scarred tissues. A wine made from drynaria is said to treat baldness when applied topically.
An example of a tonic preparation claimed useful for alopecia was reported in the Sichuan Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine (1987). Shengfa Wan (literally, pill to generate hair), containing ho-shou-wu, ligustrum, eclipta, lycium fruit, cuscuta, tang-kuei, achyranthes, psoralea, and hoelen was made as large honey pills, 10 grams each. These were given three times per day (a total of about 20 grams per day of herb powders), before meals, unless digestive disturbance occurred, in which case the pill was given after meals instead. Treatment time was 1-3 months, with an effective rate reported to be 62%. A similar formula Shengfa Yin, comprised of ho-shou-wu, eclipta, ligustrum, rehmannia, tang-kuei, schizandra, morus fruit, and biota twig, was reported to cure 30 of 36 persons affected by alopecia areata, with 4 others improved. According to a report in the Hunan Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine (1987), all of 50 cases of alopecia areata treated could be cured with daily ingestion for 1-3 months of a decoction of ho-shou-wu, black sesame, soja (black soy bean), astragalus, gelatin, atractylodes, longan, and jujube, taken along with cystine (100 mg, three times daily), and topically applying an extract of morus bark.
In another study, the internal treatment for alopecia included ligustrum, ho-shou-wu, rehmannia, biota twig, salvia, schizandra, peony, tang-kuei, carthamus, cnidium, and chiang-huo. This formula combines kidney and liver tonics with blood-circulating agents (chiang-huo opens the meridians in the upper body and dispels wind). In the clinical study in which it was used, patients also applied Monoxidil topically. Treatment time was 2-12 months, with a reported effective rate of 80%. Formulas such as this are often prescribed as powders, with a total dosage of 20 grams per day.
A similar prescription has been produced in more convenient form for export as the "Alopecia Areata Pill," following successful clinical testing during the 1970's. The main ingredients are ho-shou-wu, rehmannia (cooked and raw), tang-kuei, salvia, red peony, schizandra, codonopsis, chaenomeles, and chiang-huo. The small pills are recommended to be taken 6 each time, three times per day (total of 4.5 grams of herb extract per day) for 3-4 months. This pill is readily available from Chinese herb shops in the U.S. The dosage for Americans should probably be higher, about 8 pills each time, since American body weight is considerably higher than Chinese body weight on average.
The same basic formula, but in decoction form, was described in the English-Chinese Encyclopedia of Practical Traditional Chinese Medicine (Volume 4: Simple and Proved Recipes). The formula presented was 30 grams astragalus, 15 grams each of ho-shou-wu, raw and cooked rehmannia, millettia, morus fruit, and peony; 9 grams each of eclipta and cnidium, and 6 grams each of gastrodia and chaenomeles. This is to be decocted, and taken in two divided doses each day. In one sample case report, it was mentioned that a woman, who suffered from alopecia, menstrual irregularity, poor appetite, and insomnia, took the decoction for one month and had symptoms improved, with hair growth started. She continued to take the herbs for two more months, with the result of having dense, thick hair that was blacker than before.
A double-blind placebo-controlled study of an anti-aging mixture containing astragalus, salvia, and ho-shou-wu was conducted with 507 persons and reported in the Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine (1986). A number of symptoms and signs associated with aging were monitored. The power of the placebo and the rate of spontaneous remission was here demonstrated, with nearly 35% of the control group showing some improvements in both subjective and objective measures. However, the herb treatment group had nearly 77% of patients showing improvements, including a reduction in alopecia during a 3 month trial.
Ho-shou-wu is also applied in topical applications. In a recent large-scale clinical evaluation, with results published in the Hubei Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine (1991), 822 patients suffering from alopecia areata or alopecia totalis were treated with the topical formula, Suxiao Ketuling Shengfa Jing. The ingredients, extracted in alcohol, include capsicum, eclipta, ho-shou-wu, biota twig, drynaria, ginseng, carthamus, and cnidium. According to the report, 630 patients were cured and others had partial regrowth of hair; only 48 patients (less than 6%) showed no response.
For most cases of alopecia, depending on the actual causes and the extent to which hair follicles have been inhibited, the treatment time is expected to range from about 1-3 months. Often, this requires taking an adequate dosage of an internal remedy and applying a topical remedy; or use of a topical remedy alone. Longer treatment may be necessary: in some evaluations treatment times of 4-12 months were used to assure higher total rates of success. The formulas to be used in the internal treatment of alopecia may have numerous beneficial effects, as demonstrated through the use of similar formulas for anti-aging actions (improving immune functions, increasing energy, improving sleep, etc.) so that one might experience some positive changes even before noticing any new hair growth. Based on the Chinese clinical evaluations, at least 60% of those treated can expect a substantial degree of hair growth within 3 months.
Application Cases: Compositions and methods for treating baldness:United States Patent 20040096420.A topical composition designed for application to the scalp, said composition comprising, in admixture with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and minoxidil, and one or more of the following: a.) saw palmetto extract; b.) nettle root extract; c.) Capsaicin; d.) Niacin; e.) Gingko Biloba; f.) horsetail extract; g.) phospolipid; h.) glycerol oxide esters; i.) cyclodextrin; j.) ketoconazole; k.) ursolic acid; l.) polysorbate; m.) 1,4,3,6 dianhydro-2,5,-di-o-methyl-D-glucitol; n.) peppermint oil; o.) silica; p.) milk thistle; or q.) methyl nicotinate.
Antiaging Effects:
The story of Mr. Ho seems a bit exaggerated, but the many centuries of use of the herb for antiaging effects has led Chinese researchers to investigate further. The most desirable study, one in which humans would take ho-shou-wu regularly in an effort to extend the lifespan, is beyond the capability of modern science, as there are too many factors that would need to be taken into account in evaluating the outcomes were it possible to recruit a large enough group to participate for years. The alternatives that have been attempted, such as monitoring the lifespan of insects fed ho-shou-wu extract (or other herbs) really aren't very informative, since the conveniently short lifespans, measured in weeks, can't be meaningfully compared to the human lifespan and processes of aging that occur.
Somewhat more satisfying results are obtained by pharmacology studies that show that ho-shou-wu extract improves the cardiovascular system, enhances immune functions, slows the degeneration of glands, increases antioxidant activity, and reduces the accumulation of lipid peroxidation. Such findings suggest that ho-shou-wu is helpful in combating some of the processes that lead to conditions characteristic of old age, thereby also reducing the risk of fatal diseases (e.g., cancer) and incidents (e.g., heart attack, stroke). Processed ho-shou-wu was shown to have effects on the antioxidant system superoxide dismutase (SOD), accumulation of lipid peroxidase, and enhancement of cell-mediated immune responses, while the unprocessed ho-shou-wu showed much less effect. Other antiaging substances studied extensively include ginseng, astragalus, tang-kuei, epimedium, cordyceps, ganoderma, eleuthero ginseng, and polygonatum (huangjing).
Among the Chinese herbal prescriptions tested and shown useful for lowering the risk factors associated with aging and death, were:
Shou Xing Bu Zhi: with main components ho-shou-wu, dioscorea, rehmannia, codonopsis (or ginseng)
Essence Restoring Decoction: with main components ho-shou-wu, rehmannia, cuscuta, astragalus, achyranthes, and cynomorium.
Rejuvenating Decoction: with main ingredients ho-shou-wu, astragalus, and salvia.
Scientific References:
1.Fleeceflower Root Fo-Ti root Benefits.
Claims & Warning:
Claims: Information this web site presented is meant for Nutritional Benefit and as an educational starting point only, for use in maintenance and promotion good health in cooperation with a common knowledge base reference...Furthermore,it based solely on the traditional and historic use or legend of a given herb from the garden of Adonis. Although every effort has been made to ensure its accurate, please note that some info may be outdated by more recent scientific developments......
Pharmakon Warning: The order of knowledge is not the transparent order of forms and ideas,as one might be tempted retrospectively to interpret it; it is the antidote....(Dissemination,Plato's Pharmacy,II.The Ingredients:Phantasms,Festivals,and Paints;138cf. Jacques Derrida.).
And as it happens,the technique of imitation,along with the production of the simulacrum,has always been in Plato's eyes manifestly magical,thaumaturgical:......and the same things appear bent and straight to those who view them in water and out,or concave and convex,owing to similar errors of vision about colors, and there is obviously every confusion of this sort in our souls.And so scene painting (skiagraphia) in its exploitation of this weakness of four nature falls nothing short of witchcraft (thaumatopoia), and so do jugglery and many other such contrivances.(Republic X,602c-d;cf.also 607c).
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MDidea Extracts Professional
Newly Developed Extracts Series:
Enjoy Daily Cartoons:
Serie No.:R041.Basic Data Sheet Download
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seminal trace...Fo-Ti Root Extract.Fleeceflower Root Extract.12:1.Polygonum multiflorum.Ho-Shou-Wu Extract,Maltiflower Knotweed,Tuber Fleeceflower,Radix Polygoni MuItiflori,Fo Ti,Fo-Ti-Tient,Foti root...
News:Old Foti Root
Remedies For: Fo Ti is used for Atherosclerosis,Constipation,Fatigue,High cholesterol,Immune function
Scientific References:
Claims & Warning:
