Research Update of Semen Cassiae.

  seminal trace...Semen Cassiae.Juemingzi.10:1Extract.Dry Seeds of Cassia obtusifolia L. or Cassia tora L.Semen Sennae,Foetid Cassia seed,Juemingzi,chakramarda,chakunda,Jue ming zi,Prapanna....

 


   Phytochemical info of Semen Cassiae.

 Product Name:
 Synonym:
 Definition:Semen Cassiae are majorly composed of
 Chemical information disclosed as following table:


   Research Update of Semen Cassiae.

  Effects of resolving phlegm method on fibrinolytic status in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis patients of phlegm and blood-stasis syndrome.:Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi. 2006 Dec;26(12):1090-3. Chinese.Chen L, Jiang YK, Cai YB.Department of Liver and Gallbladder Diseases, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning. Foxlily-71@163.com

 OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of resolving phlegm method (RPM) on fibrinolytic status in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) patients of phlegm blood-stasis (PBS) syndrome type. METHODS: Sixty-two patients were randomly assigned to 2 groups, namely the treated group (n = 34) treated with Chinese herbs for resolving phlegm and dampness, smoothing liver and gallbladder, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis (composition: Indigo Naturalis 10 g, Alumen 3 g, Semen Cassiae 15 g, Fructus Crataegi 15 g, vinegar prepared Radix Bupleuri 10 g, Radix Curcumae 10 g, Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae 12 g, Herba Lycopi 12 g, talc 12 g and Radix Glycyrrhizae 2 g), one dose twice per day orally, and the control group (n = 28) with ursodeoxycholic acid tablet (UAT) 150 mg three times per day. The treatment course for both groups was 12 weeks. Liver function (ALT, AST, ALP), insulin resistance (IR) index represented by homeostasis model-IR (HOMA-IR) and insulin (Ins), levels of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), as well as main symptoms and physical signs were assessed before and after treatment. RESULTS: (1) Compared with those before treatment, levels of ALT, AST, HOMA-IR, t-PA, PAl-1 and main symptoms were all improved in the treated group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01); (2) There was significant difference in ALP, HOMA-IR, t-PA and PAI-1 between the treated group and the control group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01); (3) The improvement in liver function related indexes in the control group was mainly the level of ALT, t-PA (P < 0.01), and also shown on HOMA-IR, Ins and PAI-1. CONCLUSION: RPM could effectively improve liver function and fibrinolytic status. Its effect was better than that of UAT.

  Inhibitive effect of Semen Cassiae on the weight gain in rats with nutritive obesity.:Zhong Yao Cai. 2004 Apr;27(4):281-4. Chinese.Junbao Y, Long J, Jiangbi W, Yonghui D, Tianzhen Z, Songyi Q, Wei L.Lanzhou Medical College, Lanzhou 730000.

 OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of water extract of Semen Cassiae on the weight gain of nutritive obesity rat. METHODS: Nutritive obesity model in rats was made by high nutritive diet. Various concentration water extracts of Semen Cassiae were drunk by the rats at physiological state. Weight, metabolism of glucose and lipids, and anti-lipid peroxidation of rats were observed. RESULTS: 6% concentration water extract of Semen Cassiae could significantly reduce the weight and Lee's index, lower the fasting serum levels of triglyceride, insulin and malondialdehyde (MDA). CONCLUSIONS: Water extract of Semen Cassiae could significantly inhibit the weight gain of high-nutriment-fed rats. The mechanism might be related with its metabolism regulating actions on glucose and lipids.

  Identification and determination of active anthraquinones in Chinese teas by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography.:Biomed Chromatogr. 2004 Apr;18(3):167-72.Zheng W, Wang S, Chen X, Hu Z.Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.

 The simultaneous determination of emodin, aloe-emodin and rhein, in Semen Cassiae, Qinghai Wild Dahuang tea, Ningxia Juemingzi tea, Lanzhou Juemingzi tea and Surong Juemingzi tea, has been investigated by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography for the fi rst time. With an electrolyte containing 15 mm borax, 30 mm SDS, 10% (v/v) ethanol, at pH 9.60 and 20 kV applied voltage, the three analytes were completely separated within 12 min. The effects of the concentration of borax, electrolyte pH, the concentrations of SDS and organic modifier and the applied voltage on electropheoretic behavior and separation were studied. The linear calibration range was 4-120 micro g/mL (r = 0.9921) for emodin, 10-200 micro g/mL (r = 0.9970) for aloe-emodin and 2-100 micro g/mL (r = 0.9971) for rhein, respectively. Under the optimum conditions, the relative standard deviation (RSD) values (n = 6) of the migration time and the peak area of each peak was 0.59-0.80% and 1.30-3.22%, respectively. The contents of the analytes in Rheum, Qinghai Wild Dahuang tea, Semen Cassiae and three other kinds of teas were easily determined with recoveries ranging from 95.3 to 104.4%.

  Analysis of anthraquinones in serum and urine after oral administration of semen Cassiae.:Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2003 Sep;28(9):849-51. Chinese.Li XE, Ma W, Guo BJ, Zeng Z.College of Life Science of South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, Guangdong, China. lixue@scnu.edu.cn

 OBJECTIVE: To analysie the anthraquinones absorbed into serum by different animals (or human beings) after oral administration of Semen Cassiae. METHOD: Anthraquinones in serum and urine of rats and urine of healthy men after taking Semen Cassiae orally were detected with HPLC. RESULT: Only some of the anthraquinones were absorbed into serum. There were differences in absorption and metabolism of anthraquinones between rats and men and some new anthraquinones were produced in the process. CONCLUSION: Anthraquinones absorbed into serum by the experimental animals or men should become target for researching into active compounds of anthraquinones in Semen Cassiae.

  Antiallergic agent from natural sources. Structures and inhibitory effect of histamine release of naphthopyrone glycosides from seeds of Cassia obtusifolia L.:Chem Pharm Bull. 1998 Oct;46(10):1650-2.

 Two new naphthopyrones, cassiasides B2 (1) and C2 (2), were isolated from the seeds (Cassiae Semen) of Cassia obtusifolia L. The structures of the two new compounds 1 and 2 were established as rubrofusarin 6-O-beta-D- glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-O-beta-D- glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside and toralactone 9-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl- (1-->3)-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, respectively, on the basis of spectral and chemical evidence. Compound 2 was found to inhibit the histamine release from rat peritoneal exudate mast cells induced by antigen-antibody reaction.


  Determination of chrysophanol in semen Cassiae by HPLC.:Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 1997 Feb;22(2):107-8, 128, inside back cover. Chinese.Cao A, Sha M, Meng S, Jiang L, Zhang Z.Liaoning College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang.

 A HPLC method for the determination of chrysophanol in Semen Cassiae was investigated. The result showed that this method was simple, specific and accurate. The recovery was 99.0% and relative standard deviation was 1.8%. The method is useful for the quality control of this medicinal meaterial.

  Influence of temperature on the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of semen Cassiae.:Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 1996 Nov;21(11):663-5, 703. Chinese.Zhang Q, Zhou Z, Yin J, Xiong Y, Wang Y, Sun J.Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing.

 The influence of temperature on the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of seeds of Cassia tora was examined. As the baking temperature was raised, the contents of free chrysophanol increased. The contents of antihepatotoxic constituents in the samples baked at different temperatures were compared. They decreased as the temperature rose. The pharmacological results basically accorded with the contents of the constituents.

  Quality control of semen Cassiae.:Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 1996 Nov;21(11):646-8, 702. Chinese.Zhang Q, Yin J, Zhang Y, Zhang J.Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of TCM, Beijing.

 A reversed-phase HPLC method was developed for determination of chrysophanol in Semen Cassiae. The extraction conditions were examined for free and combined chrysophanols. 14 samples collected from 6 different areas were determined. The average recoveries for two kinds of compounds were 101.2% and 103.3% respectively, and the RSDs were 3.5% and 1.8%.

  Mechanochemical solid state reactions of natural products for medicinal use containing hydroxyanthraquinone derivatives.:

 In commercial powdered natural products for medicinal use containing various combined forms of hydroxyanthraquinone derivatives such as Sennae Folium, Cassiae Semen, Rhei Rhizoma and Aloe a considerable amount of stable free radicals (ca. 10(17)-10(18) spin/g) was found to be contained by use of electron spin resonance (ESR) spectral measurements. It was also found that the vibratory milling of such powders in a metallic vessel enhanced the ESR spectral intensities, demonstrating the occurrence of mechanoradical formation. Separate experiments also demonstrated that the vibratory milling of various kinds of powdered hydroxyanthraquinone derivatives mixed with calcium oxalate has produced the mechanoradicals effectively, but they decayed gradually on standing at room temperature. It was suggested, therefore, that the mechanoradicals formed in the above natural products are metal complexes of the corresponding semiquinone anion radicals induced by solid state one electron transfer mechanism from the active metal surface, part of which is further immobilized in polymeric fibers or the like in the plant tissues.


  Scientific References:

  1.Research Update of Semen Cassiae.