Peanut history and it's phytochemicals.
Contents
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- Basic Botanical Data of Peanut.
- Peanuts:Arachis hypogaea L.
- Whole Plant Description of Peanut.
- Distribution of Arachis hypogaea L,Peanut,groundnut:Eco-geographic Distribution.
- Taxonomy of genus Arachis.
- History and Origin of Arachis hypogaea L,Peanut,groundnut.
- Peanut: Phytochemicals and nutrients.
- Uses of Arachis hypogaea L.Peanut,groundnut.
- Folk Medicine and Medicinal Uses of Peanut.
- Cooking Peanut.
- Optimization of extraction methods for identification of selected phytochemicals in peanuts.Arachis hypogaea L.
- Research Update:Peanuts.Arachis hypogaea L.
Distribution of Arachis hypogaea L,Peanut,groundnut:Eco-geographic Distribution.:
Native to South America; now widely cultivated in warm countries throughout the world. Introduced in pre-Columbian times to West Indies and Mexico, in early post-Columbian times to Africa and eastern Asia and during the colonial period to Atlantic North America. Known only in cultivation (Duke, 1981a).
Suitable for tropics, subtropics and warm temperate regions, grown from 40 S to 40 N latitude. Growing period 3 1/2~5 months ('Chico' matures in 80 days in South Texas). Frost sensitive. Thrives with 5 dm water in the growing season with most in mid-one-third of season. Grows on light, friable, well-drained sandy loams, but will grow in heavier soils. Ranging from Cool Temperate Moist through Tropical Thorn to Wet Forest Life Zones, peanut is reported to tolerate annual precipitation of 3.1 to 41.0 dm (mean of 162 cases 13.8 dm), annual mean temperature of 10.5 to 28.5 Deg C (mean of 161 cases 23.5 Deg C), and pH of 4.3 to 8.7 (mean of 90 cases = 6.5) (Duke, 1981a).
Wild Arachis species are endemic to South America, occurring in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay. Both Krapovickas (1969), (1973) and Gregory et al., (1980) postulated a planalto profile from Corumba to Joazeiro, Brazil, as the centre from which distribution of Arachis occurred. Distribution maps of species can be generated through the wild Arachis database, here. The geocarpic habit of peanuts (developing seeds underground) is an unusual feature of their life-cycle that has interesting consequences for dispersal and population structure. Seeds appear to be largely dispersed by water and species distribution co-incides to a large extent with the main river systems. Different sections are associated with different river basins (Gregory et al., 1973).
Reference:
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- 1.Peanut history and it's phytochemicals.
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