Black Sesame Seed or Sesamum indicum L,benefits and applications...
Article Content:
- .Basic Botanical Data of Black Sesame.
- .Sesame Seed Description.
- .Constituents and Phytochemicals of Black Sesame.
- .Origin of Sesame.
- .Black Sesame Varieties and Grading,Qualities.
- .Properties,Functions and Applications of Black Sesame.
- .Black Sesame Dosage and Administration.
- .Modern Researches of Black Sesame.
- .Research Update:Black Sesame or Sesamum indicum L
Constituents and Phytochemicals of Black Sesame.
Black sesame seed is a very good tonic herb. It builds Yin Jing, and therefore it is a longevity herb. In addition to its essence-building capacity, Black Sesame also builds blood. It acts in much the same way as Polygonum. Black sesame seed is moistening to the intestines and helps move the bowels. It prevents and relieves constipation due to dryness of the intestines. Black sesame seed is extremely rich in calcium, containing 85 milligrams per gram of seeds. It is also high in protein, phosphorous, iron and magnesium.
Not only are sesame seeds a very good source of manganese and copper, but they are also a good source of calcium, magnesium, iron, phosphorous, vitamin B1, zinc and dietary fiber. In addition to these important nutrients, sesame seeds contain two unique substances: sesamin and sesamolin. Both of these substances belong to a group of special beneficial fibers called lignans, and have been shown to have a cholesterol-lowering effect in humans, and to prevent high blood pressure and increase vitamin E supplies in animals. Sesamin has also been found to protect the liver from oxidative damage.
sesamin. Formula:C20H18O6;0.18%~0.21%.
Oleic acid: 21.60%~28.80%
Other content: fatty oil (45%~60%): including oleic acid (45%); linoleic acid (37%); palmitic acid; stearic acid; arachidic acid;
sesamolin; sesamol; Vitamin E; lecithin (0.65%); planteose; sesamose; cytochrome C; nicotinic acid (0.48mg%); folic acid(18.45mg%); sucrose (0.64%);
Protein (22%): including alpha-glubolin; beta-glubolin; 13s-glubolin; albumin; glutelin; pedaliin; phytosterol; many kinds of amino acid; linolenic acid; sinapic acid; sesame lectin.
Sesamin:
Molecular Formula:C20H18O6; Molecular Weight:354.36; CAS Registry Number: 607-80-7. Melting Point: 122 - 123 degree C.
Pharmacology: Antioxidant,Bactericide,Insecticide,Non-competitive D5-desaturase inhibitor.
Sesamolin:
Molecular Formula:C20H18O7; Molecular Weight:354.36; CAS Registry Number:526-07-8
IUPAC: 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl (1R,3aR,4S,6aR)-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)perhydrofuro[3,4-c]furan-1-yl ether;(1S,3aR,4R,6aR)-5-[4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yloxy)tetrahydro-1H,3H-furo[3,4-c]furan-1-yl]-1,3-benzodioxole
Sesamol:
Synonyms:3,4-(Methylenedioxy)phenol; 1,3-Benzodioxol-5-ol; 5-Benzodioxolol;1, 3-Benzodioxol-5-ol;1,3-Benzodioxol-5-ol;1/C7H6O3/c8-5-1-2-6-7(3-5)10-4-9-6/h1-3,8H,4H;3,4-(Methylenedioxy)phenol; 3,4-Methylenedioxyphenol;5-19-02-00532 (Beilstein Handbook Reference);5-Hydroxy-1, 3-benzodioxole;5-Hydroxy-1,3-benzodioxole;533-31-3;AI3-17298;BRN 0127405; C10832;CCRIS 1386;EINECS 208-561-5;Methylene ether of oxyhydroquinone;NSC 59256;NSC59256;Phenol, 3,4- (methylenedioxy)-;Phenol, 3,4-(methylenedioxy)-;SDCCGMLS-0066221.P001;Sesamol;ZINC00164504.
Molecular Formula C7H6O3; Molecular Weight:138.12; CAS Registry Number:533-31-3; EINECS 208-561-5; IUPAC Name:benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-ol; Melting point:63-65 Deg C; Water solubility:slightly soluble.
Rich In Beneficial Minerals:
Sesame seeds are a very good source of copper, and calcium. Just a quarter-cup of sesame seeds supplies 74.0% of the daily value for copper, 31.6% of the DV for magnesium, and 35.1% of the DV for calcium.Black sesame seed is extremely rich in calcium, containing 85 milligrams per gram of seeds. It is also high in protein, phosphorous, iron and magnesium. This rich assortment of minerals translates into the following health benefits:
Copper Provides Relief for Rheumatoid Arthritis:
Copper is known for its use in reducing some of the pain and swelling of rheumatoid arthritis. Copper's effectiveness is due to the fact that this trace mineral is important in a number of antiinflammatory and antioxidant enzyme systems. In addition, copper plays an important role in the activity of lysyl oxidase, an enzyme needed for the cross-linking of collagen and elastin--the ground substances that provide structure, strength and elasticity in blood vessels, bones and joints.
Magnesium Supports Vascular and Respiratory Health:Studies have supported magnesium's usefulness in:
Preventing the airway spasm in asthma;
Lowering high blood pressure, a contributing factor in heart attack, stroke, and diabetic heart disease;
Preventing the trigeminal blood vessel spasm that triggers migraine attacks;
Restoring normal sleep patterns in women who are experiencing unpleasant symptoms associated with menopause.
Calcium Helps Prevent Colon Cancer, Osteoporosis, Migraine and PMS:In recent studies, calcium has been shown to:
Help protect colon cells from cancer-causing chemicals
Help prevent the bone loss that can occur as a result of menopause or certain conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis
Help prevent migraine headaches in those who suffer from them
Reduce PMS symptoms during the luteal phase (the second half) of the menstrual cycle
There is a little bit of controversy about sesame seeds and calcium, because there is a substantial difference between the calcium content of hulled versus unhulled sesame seeds. When the hulls remain on the seeds, one tablespoon of sesame seeds will contains about 88 milligrams of calcium. When the hulls are removed, this same tablespoon will contain about 37 milligrams (about 60% less). Tahini:a spreadable paste made from ground sesame seeds is usually made from hulled seeds (seeds with the hulls removed, called kernels), and so it will usually contain this lower amount of calcium.
The term "sesame butter" can sometimes refer to tahini made from sesame seed kernels, or it can also be used to mean a seed paste made from whole sesame seeds:hull included.
Although the seed hulls provide an additional 51 milligrams of calcium per tablespoon of seeds, the calcium found in the hulls appears in large part to be found in the form of calcium oxalate. This form of calcium is different than the form found in the kernels, and it is a less absorbable form of calcium. So even though a person would be likely to get more calcium from sesame seeds or sesame seed butter that contained the hulls, there is a question about how much more calcium would be involved. It would defintely be less than the 51 additional milligrams found in the seed hulls. And there would also, of course, be a question about the place of hull-containing sesame seeds on an oxalate-restricted diet.
Zinc for Bone Health:
Another reason for older men to make zinc-rich foods such as sesame seeds a regular part of their healthy way of eating is bone mineral density. Although osteoporosis is often thought to be a disease for which postmenopausal women are at highest risk, it is also a potential problem for older men. Almost 30% of hip fractures occur in men, and 1 in 8 men over age 50 will have an osteoporotic fracture. A study of 396 men ranging in age from 45-92 that was published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition found a clear correlation between low dietary intake of zinc, low blood levels of the trace mineral, and osteoporosis at the hip and spine.
Sesame Seeds' Phytosterols Lower Cholesterol:
Phytosterols are compounds found in plants that have a chemical structure very similar to cholesterol, and when present in the diet in sufficient amounts, are believed to reduce blood levels of cholesterol, enhance the immune response and decrease risk of certain cancers.
Phytosterols beneficial effects are so dramatic that they have been extracted from soybean, corn, and pine tree oil and added to processed foods, such as "butter"-replacement spreads, which are then touted as cholesterol-lowering "foods." But why settle for an imitation "butter" when Mother Nature's nuts and seeds are a naturally rich source of phytosterols and cardio-protective fiber, minerals and healthy fats as well?
In a study in the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, researchers published the amounts of phytosterols present in nuts and seeds commonly eaten in the United States.
Sesame seeds had the highest total phytosterol content (400-413 mg per 100 grams), and English walnuts and Brazil nuts the lowest (113 mg/100grams and 95 mg/100 grams). (100 grams is equivalent to 3.5 ounces.) Of the nuts and seeds typically consumed as snack foods, pistachios and sunflower seeds were richest in phytosterols (270-289 mg/100 g), followed by pumpkin seeds (265 mg/100 g).
Nutrition Note:
Sesame seeds are 25 percent protein and are especially rich in methionine and tryptophan, often lacking in adequate quantities in many plant proteins. One ounce of decorticated or hulled seeds contains 6 grams of protein, 3.7 grams of fiber, and 14 grams of total fat. When toasted they lose nutrients, scoring 4.8 grams of protein, gaining a little fiber at 4.8 grams, and packing 13.6 grams of total fat.
The fat in sesame seeds is 38% monounsaturated, and 44% polyunsaturated which equals 82% unsaturated fatty acids.Natural sesame seeds (unhulled) contain 5 grams of protein per ounce, 3.1 grams fiber, and 14 grams of total fat. When toasted they offer 4.8 grams of protein, 4.0 grams fiber, and 13.8 grams of total fat. Because sesame seeds are a plant food, there's no need to worry about cholesterol. There simply isn't any to be found within the seeds or the oil.
Tahini or sesame seed paste, contains 2.9 grams of protein per tablespoon, .9 grams of fiber, and 8.1 grams of total fat. Tahini also contains the B vitamins, including16 mcg of folic acid. That same tablespoon contains 153.6 mg calcium and 3.07 mg iron. Additional minerals include 57.9 mg magnesium and 93.12 mg potassium.
There is often concern that vegans do not get a sufficient amount of zinc in their diet. Include sesame tahini in your diet often and reap the benefit of plenty of zinc with one tablespoon supplying 1.17 mg.
Sesame oils, whether refined or unrefined, all contain about 14 grams of total fat per tablespoon. Sesame seeds are 44 to 60 % oil. The seeds are prone to rancidity, but the oil is resistant to oxidation, meaning that it is not prone to rancidity because of sesamol, a natural preservative within the oil. Sesame oil is polyunsaturated and high in oleic and linoleic fatty acids that are rich in omega 6.
Natural sesame seeds, those that are unhulled, are high in calcium. One tablespoon provides 87.8 mg while the hulled variety offers only 10.5 mg for that same tablespoon. Comparing sesame seeds to milk turned up some surprising figures in the calcium count. One cup of natural sesame seeds had 1404.0 mg of calcium, while one cup of non-fat milk provided 316.3 mg. and one cup of whole milk contained 291 mg of calcium.
Both natural and hulled sesame seeds contain healthy amounts of the B vitamins riboflavin, thiamine, and niacin. With natural seeds scoring 8.7 mcg of folic acid for 1 tablespoon and plenty of vitamin B6, you can count on sesame seeds for excellent nourishment.
Let's look at some of the mineral values of the sesame seed. One tablespoon of hulled seeds contains .62 mg of iron, 27.73 mg of magnesium, 32.53 mg potassium, and .82 mg of zinc. Figures for the natural, unhulled, are slightly higher. Sesame seeds also contain healthy amounts of phosphorous. If you're lacking iron, turn to the sesame seed. Its iron content is equal to that of liver.
Like all seeds, natural unhulled sesame seeds are living foods capable of producing generation after generation through the process of sprouting. They are nutrient dense in order to trigger the germination process and provide nourishment to the tiny plants as they grow from sprout to maturity.
Nutrients from the sesame seed are best absorbed in the form of sesame oil, tahini or sesame butter. The whole seeds do not break down readily and release all their nutrients.
Sesame Seeds Nutritional analysis:
| Sesame seeds 0.25 cup 36.00 grams 206.28 calories | ||||
| Nutrient | Amount | DV (%) | Nutrient Density | World's Healthiest Foods Rating |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| copper | 1.48 mg | 74.0 | 6.5 | very good |
| manganese | 0.88 mg | 44.0 | 3.8 | very good |
| tryptophan | 0.12 g | 37.5 | 3.3 | good |
| calcium | 351.00 mg | 35.1 | 3.1 | good |
| magnesium | 126.36 mg | 31.6 | 2.8 | good |
| iron | 5.24 mg | 29.1 | 2.5 | good |
| phosphorus | 226.44 mg | 22.6 | 2.0 | good |
| zinc | 2.80 mg | 18.7 | 1.6 | good |
| vitamin B1 (thiamin) | 0.28 mg | 18.7 | 1.6 | good |
| dietary fiber | 4.24 g | 17.0 | 1.5 | good |
| World's Healthiest Foods Rating | Rule | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| excellent | DV NLT 75% | OR | Density NLT 7.6 | AND | DV NLT 10% |
| very good | DV NLT 50% | OR | Density NLT 3.4 | AND | DV NLT 5% |
| good | DV NLT 25% | OR | Density NLT 1.5 | AND | DV NLT 2.5% |
Reference:
1.Black Sesame Seed or Sesamum indicum L,benefits and applications...
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