Black Sesame Seed or Sesamum indicum L,benefits and applications...

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Modern Researches of Black Sesame.

Black Sesame Seed Extract INCI Name Sesamum Indicum Extract CAS:Sesamin.607-80-7.Sesamolin.526-07-8.Sesamol.533-31-3.Sesami Indici. photo picture image The chief constituent of the sesame seed is its fatty oil, which usually amounts to about 44 to 60 percent. Noted for its stability, the oil resists oxidative rancidity. The excellent stability is due to the presence of natural antioxidants such as sesamolin, sesamine and sesamol. The fatty acid composition of sesame oil varies considerably among the different cultivars worldwide. It also contains much fat, mainly glyceride loneleic acid, sucrose, lecithin, protein, etc. Also vitamins A, D and E.

 Sesame oil is mostly composed of triglycerides of the singly unsaturated oleic acid (40%) and the doubly unsaturated linoleic acid (45%), besides approximately 10% saturated fats (iodine index 110). Because of its powerful antioxidant and because triply unsaturated fatty acids are missing, sesame oil has an excellent shelf life.

 Oriental sesame oil owes its characteristic flavor to several compounds which form only during the toasting procedure. Most prominent are 2-furylmethanthiol, which also plays an important part in the flavor of coffee and baked meat, guajacol (2-methoxyphenol), phenylethanthiol and furaneol (4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3 (2H) furanone); furthermore, vinylguacol, 2-pentylpyridine and other N-containing heterocycles are reported.

 After oil extraction, the remaining meal contains 35-50% protein, and is rich in tryptophan and methionine. Seeds with hulls are rich in calcium (1.3%) and provide a valuable source of minerals. The addition of sesame to the high lysine meal of soybean produces a well balanced animal feed.

 Sesame oil is used in the preparation of Iodinol and Brominol, which are employed for external internal or subcutaneous use. The best qualities of the oil are largely used in the manufacture of margarine. Sesame oil may be used as a substitute for olive oil in making the official liniments, ointments and plasters in India and Africa. The leaves which abound in gummy matter when mixed with water form a rich bland mucilage used in infantile cholera, diarrhoea, dysentery, catarrh and bladder troubles, acute cystitis and strangury. The oil is said to be laxative and to promote menstruation.

 Antioxidant properties of sesame (Sesamum indicum) fractions:

 Foods of plant origin are known to provide a complex mixture of natural substances with antioxidative effects. Such antioxidant activity appears to be closely related to the prevention of degenerative diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, atherosclerosis and the process of aging, among others.

 This purpose of the study was to determine total phenolic content, total antioxidant status (TAS), free radical scavenging capacity and inhibition of low density lipoprotein (LDL) by whole black (WB) and whole white (WW) sesame seeds and their respective hull fractions (BH and WH).

 Phenolic constituents of sesame were extracted into 80% ethanol. Total phenolic content was determined according to Folin-Ciocalteu procedure and calculated as catechin equivalents. Free radical scavenging capacity of sesame extracts (5-40mg/mL) was measured using 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical. Total antioxidant activity was determined by trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assay and expressed as trolox equivalents (TE). Inhibition of LDL oxidation was measured by incubating crude extracts with LDL and CuSO4 at 37C. Formation of conjugated dienes was determined at 25-100ppm levels of phenolics.

 Total phenolic contents of whole seed and hull of black sesame were 29.9+-0.6 and 146.6+-0.6 mg catechin equivalents/1g crude extract, respectively. The corresponding values for white sesame were 29.7+-0.9 and 10.6+-1.6 mg catechin equivalents/1g crude extract. TAS was highest with black sesame hulls {65.9+-1.7TE} while white whole seed showed the lowest {4.4+-0.6TE}. DPPH radical scavenging capacity at 40mg/mL was 94.9+-0.8, 25.1+-0.4, 14.4+-0.9 and 2.5+-0.4 for BH, BW, WH and WW, respectively. Inhibition of LDL oxidation at 100ppm level was highest for BH ((96.7) followed by 84.6, 78.4 and 57.3% for WH, BW and WW, respectively.

 Results demonstrate considerable antioxidant activity of sesame fractions especially black sesame hulls and their potential health benefits. Thus, sesame and its components may serve as viable natural sources of antioxidants for food and non-food applications.(C. M. LIYANA-PATHIRANA1, D. S. Wall, and F. Shahidi. (1) Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NF A1B 3X9, Canada.)

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citations1.Black Sesame Seed or Sesamum indicum L,benefits and applications...

last edit date:9th,June.2009.