Research Update:Divaricata Saposhnikovia Root.What is Radix Saposhnikoviae and its applications?Saposhnikovia divaricata (Turcz.) Schischk,Fang Feng,Divaricata Saposhnikovia Root.Printable Version.MDidea Extracts Professional.

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Phytochemical info of Divaricata Saposhnikovia Root.

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Definition:Divaricata Saposhnikovia Root are majorly composed of
Chemical information disclosed as following table:

Research Update:Divaricata Saposhnikovia Root.

Anti-proliferative and antioxidant activities of Saposhnikovia divaricata.:Oncol Rep. 2007 Jul;18(1):227-34. Tai J, Cheung S.Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3V4, Canada. jtai@interchange.ubc.ca

The dry root of Saposhnikovia divaricata (Turcz.) Schischk. (SD, syn. Ledebouriella divaricata (Turcz.); Umbelliferae), Siler, a perennial herb of the carrot family, is also known as Fang Feng in traditional Chinese herbal medicine. It is a herbal ingredient included in many polyherb formulae. This study investigated the in vitro anti-proliferative, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the SD extract (1 g/10 ml 70% ethanol). IC50 (50% inhibition) is estimated at 1/300, 1/1400, 1/250 and 1/600 dilutions, for the K562, HL60, MCF7 and MDA-MB-468 cell lines, respectively. The combination of non-cytotoxic concentrations of SD with chemotherapeutic drugs such as camptothecin or paclitaxel showed additive anti-proliferative effects on K562, HL60 and MCF7 cells, and antagonistic effects on MDA-MB-468 cells. At a dilution of 1/2000, SD induced a differentiation of 17.5+/-2.5% in HL60 cells along the granulocyte lineage compared to 2.8+/-0.8% in the untreated controls, but not along the monocyte/macrophage lineage. At non-cytotoxic 1/10000, 1/5000 and 1/2000 dilutions, the SD extract did not affect nitric oxide (NO) production by non-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, but dose-dependently and significantly reduced NO production by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 cells. RT-PCR analyses showed that SD at a dilution of 1/2000 did not affect TNFalpha, IL-1 beta, iNOS and COX-2 mRNA expression in RAW 264.7 cells compared to the unstimulated controls, but significantly reduced (p<0.05) iNOS and its mRNA expression in LPS-activated cells. It is concluded that the SD ethanol extract possesses strong anti-proliferative properties against several human tumor cell lines, a mild granulocyte differentiation inducing property on HL60 cells, and potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and protective properties on LPS-activated RAW 264.7 cells. Further research is required in order to identify the major ingredients present in the Saposhnikovia divaricata root and rhizome showing the observed activities.

Determination of four components in root of Saposhnikovia divaricata by HPLC gradient elution.:Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2006 Feb;31(3):194-6. Chinese.Li L, Liu YY, Geng LD, Xiao YQ.Institute of Chinese Materia Media, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.

OBJECTIVE: To develop an HPLC method for determination of components in root of Saposhnikovia divaricata. METHOD: The separation of four components was achieved on a reversed-phase Alltima C18 column with MeOH-H2O gradient elution at a flow rate of 1.0 mL x min(-1). RESULT: Six samples were determined and there is no distinct difference between the contents determined by the new and old methods. CONCLUSION: The new method is more simple and convenient than the old method.

Studies on the method for the processing roots of cultivated Saposhnikovia divaricata.:Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2003 May;28(5):402-4. Chinese.Sun H, Cao L, Meng XC, Wang XJ.Helongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, Helongjiang, China.

OBJECTIVE: To establishing a standard processing method for cultivated Saposhnikovia divaricata. METHOD: Crude drug was dried at different temperature, and the contents of prim-O-glucosyl-cimifugin,cimifugin,4'-O-beta-glucosyl-5-O-methylvisamminol, sec-O-glucosyl-hamaudol in the processed crude drug were determined by HPLC. RESULT: Of the contents of the four compounds, the sample that heated by 45 degrees C was at the best level. Prim-O-glucosggl-cinmifugin was 0.636%, cimifugin was 0.043%, 5-O-methtlvsamminol was 0.598%, sec-O-glu-cosyl-hamaudol was 1.85%, and total content was 1.302%. CONCLUSION: The best drying temperature for processing is 45 degrees C.

Studies on chemical constituents from root of Saposhnikovia divaricata (Turcz.) Schischk.:Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2001 Feb;26(2):117-9. Chinese.Xiao YQ, Li L, Yang B, Huang LQ.Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China.

OBJECTIVE: To study the chemical constituents in the root of Saposhnikovia divaricata. METHOD: The compounds were isolated and identified by column chromatography and 1H, 13C NMR data. RESULT: Twenty-four compounds were isolated and identified. CONCLUSION: Seven compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Studies on quality specification standards for Saposhnicovia divaricata (Turcz.) Schischk.:Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2001 Mar;26(3):185-7. Chinese.Xiao YQ, Yang B, Yao ST, Li W, Li L, Huang LQ, Xue BY.Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China.

OBJECTIVE: To work out a qualitative-quantitative standard for Saposhnikovia divaricata. METHOD: TLC and HPLC were adopted. RESULT: Four chromone compounds were identified by TLC, and the contents of two chromone compounds were determined by HPLC. CONCLUSION: Prim-O-glucosylcimifugin, 4'-O-beta-D-glucosyl-5-O-methylvisamminol, sec-O-glucosylhamaudol and cimifugin should be present simultaneously in S. divaricata. The contents of prim-O-glucosylcimifugin and 4'-O-beta-D-glucosyl-5-O-methylvisamminol in S. divaricata should not be lower than 0.12% respectively.

Analgesic components of saposhnikovia root (Saposhnikovia divaricata).:Chem Pharm Bull. 2001 Feb;49(2):154-60.

By activity-oriented separation using the writhing method in mice, the analgesic components of Saposhnikovia root (Saposhnikovia divaricata Schischkin; Umbelliferae) were identified to be chromones, coumarins, polyacetylenes and 1-acylglycerols. Two new components, divaricatol and (3'S)-hydroxydeltoin, were also isolated. The most potent analgesia was observed in chromones such as divaricatol, ledebouriellol and hamaudol, which inhibited writhing inhibition at an oral dose of 1 mg/kg in mice. Acylglycerols also showed inhibition significantly at a dose of 5 mg/kg. In some pharmacological tests using sec-O-glucosylhamaudol, the compound showed analgesia by the tail pressure and the Randall & Selitto methods, and its writhing inhibition was not reversed by naloxone.

Inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor of the Chinese herb I. Saposhnikovia divaricata (Turcz.) Schischk.:Cancer Lett. 1999 Oct 18;145(1-2):151-7.Wang CC, Chen LG, Yang LL.Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taipei Medical College, Taiwan.

L-Arginine derived nitric oxide (NO) and its derivatives, such as nitrogen dioxide and peroxynitrite, play a role in inflammation and also possibly in the multistage process of carcinogenesis. Four furanocoumarins and eight chromones isolated from the dried root of Saposhnikovia divaricata (Fang Feng in Chinese) and evaluated for their effects on the synthesis of NO induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in macrophage cell line RAW 264.7. The inhibition of nitrite production, as an index for NO released from the macrophage cells, was quantitatively analyzed by Griess reaction. The results showed that imperatorin and deltoin are potential NO production inhibitor, and their IC50 values for inhibition of nitrite production were 17.3 and 11.6 microg/ml, respectively. Western-blot analysis demonstrated that iNOS enzyme activity was not inhibited by treatment with imperatorin or deltoin, but revealed that both compounds inhibited the expression of the iNOS protein.

Herbalogic studies on the Chinese drug fangfeng.:Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 1989 Oct;14(10):579-81, 637. Chinese.Wang JH, Lou ZC.

Through a critical study of the descriptions of Fangfeng in the ancient Chinese herbals, it may be concluded that the chief botanical source of this drug was Saposhnikovia divaricata, besides, the roots of Peucedanum ledebourielloides and P. wawrii may also be used. The root of Glehnia littoralis may be used as an substitute and called Shifangfeng. The difference in geographical sources of Fangfeng in ancient and present times is also discussed.

Scientific References:

1.Research Update:Divaricata Saposhnikovia Root.

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Claims: Information this web site presented is meant for Nutritional Benefit and as an educational starting point only, for use in maintenance and promotion good health in cooperation with a common knowledge base reference...Furthermore,it based solely on the traditional and historic use or legend of a given herb from the garden of Adonis. Although every effort has been made to ensure its accurate, please note that some info may be outdated by more recent scientific developments......

Pharmakon Warning: The order of knowledge is not the transparent order of forms and ideas,as one might be tempted retrospectively to interpret it; it is the antidote....(Dissemination,Plato's Pharmacy,II.The Ingredients:Phantasms,Festivals,and Paints;138cf. Jacques Derrida.).

And as it happens,the technique of imitation,along with the production of the simulacrum,has always been in Plato's eyes manifestly magical,thaumaturgical:......and the same things appear bent and straight to those who view them in water and out,or concave and convex,owing to similar errors of vision about colors, and there is obviously every confusion of this sort in our souls.And so scene painting (skiagraphia) in its exploitation of this weakness of four nature falls nothing short of witchcraft (thaumatopoia), and so do jugglery and many other such contrivances.(Republic X,602c-d;cf.also 607c).