Turmeric Root or Curcuma Root,Phytochemicals and Applications.

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Chemical assays and Phytochemicals of Turmeric Root.Curcuma Root.

Curcuma Root Extract INCI Name Curcuma Longa Extract CAS 84775-52-0 EINECS ELINCS No 283-882-1 Turmeric extract Turmeric Rhizome aqueous turmeric extract Alcoholic turmeric extract Curcumin whole extract of turmeric root photo picture image Not less than 4,0% of volatile oil, and not less than 3,0% of curcuminoids.Qualitative analysis by thin-layer and high-performance liquid chromatography and quantitative assay for total curcuminoids by spectrophotometric or by high-performance liquid chromatographic methods.

 The curcumas of the ginger family are natives of tropical Asia. Turmeric has been domesticated since old ages for its rhizome, which is important as a colorant and as a spice. The dried and ground rhizome is an essential constituent of curry powder. Moreover, turmeric seems to have many healthful properties and is currently being investigated for possible benefits in Alzheimer's disease, cancer, liver disorders and various infections.

 Sangli, a town in the southern part of the Indian state of Maharashtra, is the largest and most important trading centre for turmeric in Asia.

 In the fresh state, the rootstock has an aromatic and spicy fragrance. The steam distilled essential oil has a warm, spicy, slightly woody aroma. It consists mainly of sesquiterpenes with ar-turmerone and turmerone as major compounds. Curcumin, the main colouring substance, is 1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1(E),6(E)-heptadiene-3,5-dione, or diferuloylmethane, also called Natural Yellow. It is not light fast.

 Major chemical constituents:

 Curcumin,C21H20O6,0.556%~2.03%

 Pale yellow to orange-yellow volatile oil (6%) composed of a number of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, including zingiberene, curcumene, a- and ? turmerone among others. The colouring principles (5%) are curcuminoids, 50-60% of which are a mixture of curcumin, monodesmethoxycurcumin and bisdesmethoxycurcumin. Representative structures of curcuminoids are presented below.

 Ar-turmerone, turmerone and curcumin:
 Curcuma Root Extract INCI Name Curcuma Longa Extract CAS 84775-52-0 EINECS ELINCS No 283-882-1 Turmeric extract Turmeric Rhizome aqueous turmeric extract Alcoholic turmeric extract Curcumin whole extract of turmeric root photo picture image

 Constituents:An acrid, volatile oil, brown colouring matter, gum, starch, chloride of calcium, woody fibre and a yellowish colouring matter named curcumin; this is obtained by digesting tumeric in boiling alcohol, filtering and evaporating the solution to dryness, the residue being digested in ether, filtered and evaporated.

 Other Phytochemicals:

 1,8-cineole, 2-bornanol, 2-hydroxy-methyl-anthraquinone,4-hydroxybisabola-2,10-diene-9-one;4-methoxy-5-hydroxybiosabola;4-hydroxy-cinnamoyl-(Feruloyl)-methane, Alpha-atlantone, Alpha-pinene, Alpha-terpineol, Ar-turmerone, Arabinose, Ascorbic-acid, Ash, Azulene, Beta-carotene, Beta-pinene, Beta-sesquiphellandrene, Bis-(Para-hydroxy-cinnamoyl)-methane, Bis-desmethoxycurcumin, Bisabolene,Bixin,Borneol, Boron, Caffeic-acid, Calcium, Caprylic-acid, Caryophyllene, Chromium, Cineole, Cinnamic-acid, Cobalt, Copper, Cuminyl-alcohol, Curcumene, Curcumenol, Curcumin, Curdione,Curcumenone;Curlone, Curzerenone, Curzerenone-c, Cyclo-isoprenemyrcene, D-alpha-phellandrene, D-camphene, D-camphor, D-sabinene, Dehydroturmerone,Dehydrocurdione;Desmethoxycurcumin, Di-p-coumaroyl-methane, Dicinnamoylmethane, Didesmethoxycurcumin, Diferuloyl-methane, Dihydrocurcumin, EO,Eugenol,Epiprocurcumenol;Eucalyptol;Eugenol;Feruloyl-p-coumaroyl-methane, Gamma-atlantone,Germacrone,Germacrone-13-al;Guaiacol, Isoborneol, L-alpha-curcumene, L-beta-curcumene, Limonene, Manganese, Monodesmethoxycurcumin, Niacin, Nickel,norbixin;O-coumaric-acid, P-coumaric-acid, P-cymene, P-methoxycinnamic-acid, P-tolymethylcarbinol,Phosphorus, Protocatechuic-acid,Procurcumadiol;10-diene;Resin, Riboflavin, Syringic-acid, Terpinene, Terpineol, Thiamin, Turmerone,turmerone A,turmerone B;Ukonan-a, Ukonan-b, Ukonan-c, Ukonan-d,(also named Utonan A,Utonan B,Utonan C,Utonan D);Vanillic-acid, Zingiberene
 Curcuma Root Extract INCI Name Curcuma Longa Extract CAS 84775-52-0 EINECS ELINCS No 283-882-1 Turmeric extract Turmeric Rhizome aqueous turmeric extract Alcoholic turmeric extract Curcumin whole extract of turmeric root photo picture image

 Curcumin:note

 CAS Number 8024-37-1. Molecular formula C21H20O6 Melting point 183 Deg C (361 K)
 Chemical structure name: (E,E)-1,7-Bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione

 Synonyms:C.I. Natural Yellow 3,Diferuloylmethane,Turmeric Yellow,8024-37-1,CCRIS 5804,Curcuma longa oils,Curcuma oil,Curcuma oil (Curcuma longa),CURCUMIN,FEMA No. 3085,FEMA No. 3086,Oil of turmeric,Oils,curcuma,Tumeric oleoresin,Turmeric,Turmeric extract,Turmeric extract (Curcuma longa L.),Turmeric oil,Turmeric oil (Curcuma longa L.),Turmeric oleoresin, Turmeric, oleoresin

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Reference:

citations1.Turmeric Root or Curcuma Root,Phytochemicals and Applications.

last edit date:15th,June.2009.