The bioassay-guided fractionation for anti-HIV-1 integrase activity led to the isolation of six compounds from the whole plant extract of Eclipta prostrata extract. They were identified as 5-hydroxymethyl-(2,2':5',2'')-terthienyl tiglate (1), 5-hydroxymethyl-(2,2':5',2'')-terthienyl agelate (2), 5-hydroxymethyl-(2,2':5',2'')-terthienyl acetate (3), ecliptal (4), orobol (5) and wedelolactone (6). Of these, compound 6 showed the highest activity against HIV-1 integrase (IN) with an IC(50) value of 4.0 +/- 0.2 microm, followed by compound 5 (IC(50) = 8.1 +/- 0.5 microm), whereas the four terthiophene compounds (1-4) were inactive (IC(50) > 100 microm). Regarding HIV-1 protease (PR) inhibitory activity, compound 1 exhibited appreciable activity against HIV-1 PR with an IC(50) of 58.3 +/- 0.8 microm, followed by compound 4 (IC(50) = 83.3 +/- 1.6 microm) and compound 3 (IC(50) = 93.7 +/- 0.8 microm), while compounds 2, 5 and 6 were inactive against HIV-1 PR (IC(50) > 100 microm). This is the first report of anti-HIV-1 IN activities for wedelolactone (6), a coumarin derivative, and orobol (5), an isoflavone derivative. This study supports the use of E. prostrata in AIDS patients, which is in accord with its traditional use by Thai traditional doctors for curing blood related diseases.
Interference of allelopathic rice Huakangcao 78 on weeds under different ecological conditions.:Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2006 Sep;17(9):1645-8. Chinese.Wu J, Li Y, Chen Z, Wang Y.Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China. wujl4390228@163.com
A pot culture experiment was conducted to examine the interference effectiveness of allelopathic rice Huakangcao 78 on weeds Echinochloa crusgalli L., Cyperus difformis L., and Eclipta prostrata L. as affected by rice leaf age during transplanting, plant density, and soil surface water depth and its retaining days. The results showed that Huakangcao 78 could significantly reduce the dry weight of weeds compared with non-allelopathic rice Lemont. The control effectiveness of Huakangcao 78 on E. crusgalli L. was better when the weed was at 0-1.5 leaf age than at 1.5-2.4 leaf age, and that on C. difformis L. was better when the weed was at 0-0.3 leaf age than at 0.8-2.0 leaf age. The interactive effectiveness between rice leaf age during transplanting and plant density on weed control was better than that between the leaf age and soil surface water depth and its retaining days. To increase the rice leaf age during transplanting and plant density could significantly promote the control effectiveness of Huakangcao 78 on weeds.
Lipid lowering activity of Eclipta prostrata in experimental hyperlipidemia.:J Ethnopharmacol. 2006 May 24;105(3):332-5. Epub 2006 Jan 6.Kumari CS, Govindasamy S, Sukumar E.Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India.
The plant Eclipta prostrata is used in the traditional medical practices of India to treat hepatic diseases and hyperlipidemia. The total alcoholic extract of the plant when tested for antihyperlipidemic potential, exhibited a dose-dependent activity in albino rats when compared to standard drugs. The activity was assessed by studying the lipid profiles of serum, liver and heart of the control and drug-treated animals. The results lend support to the traditional use of Eclipta prostrata in the treatment of hyperlipidemia.
The in vitro anti-giardial activity of extracts from plants that are used for self-medication by AIDS patients in southern Thailand.:Parasitol Res. 2005 Jan;95(1):17-21. Epub 2004 Nov 18.Sawangjaroen N, Subhadhirasakul S, Phongpaichit S, Siripanth C, Jamjaroen K, Sawangjaroen K.Natural Products Research Unit and Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, 90112, Songkhla, Thailand. nongyao.s@psu.ac.th
This study evaluated the anti-giardial activity of chloroform, methanol and water extracts of 12 medicinal plants (39 extracts), commonly used as self medication by AIDS patients in southern Thailand. The plant extracts and a standard drug, metronidazole, were incubated with 2x10(5) trophozoites of Giardia intestinalis per millilitre of growth medium in 96-well tissue culture plates under anaerobic conditions for 24 h. The cultures were examined with an inverted microscope and the minimum inhibitory concentration and the IC50 value for each extract was determined. The chloroform extracts from Alpinia galanga, Boesenbergia pandurata, Eclipta prostrata, Piper betle, Piper chaba, Zingiber zerumbet, and the methanol extracts from B. pandurata and E. prostrata were classified as "active", i.e. with an IC50 of <100 microg/ml, whereas the chloroform extract from Murraya paniculata was classified as being "moderately active". This study shows that extracts from some medicinal plants have potential for use as therapeutic agents against G. intestinalis infections.
Anti-venom potential of butanolic extract of Eclipta prostrata against Malayan pit viper venom.:J Ethnopharmacol. 2004 Feb;90(2-3):347-52.Pithayanukul P, Laovachirasuwan S, Bavovada R, Pakmanee N, Suttisri R.Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. pypph@hotmail.com
The butanolic and purified butanolic extracts (PBEs) of Eclipta prostrata were evaluated for their anti-venom potential. Inhibition of lethal, hemorrhagic, proteolytic, and phospholipase A2 activities of Calloselasma rhodostoma (Malayan pit viper (MPV)) venom by these extracts were determined. Demethylwedelolactone was identified as their major constituent. The butanolic extract, at 2.5 mg per mouse, was able to completely neutralize the lethal activity of 2LD50 of MPV venom, but increasing the dose diminished the effect. The PBE, at 1.5-4.5 mg per mouse, was able to neutralize the lethality of the venom at around 50-58%. Both extracts partially inhibited the hemorrhagic activity but displayed very low anti-phospholipase A2 activity and did not inhibit proteolytic activity of MPV venom.
Antimicrobial screening of plants used for traditional medicine in the state of Perak, Peninsular Malaysia.:Fitoterapia. 2004 Jan;75(1):68-73.Wiart C, Mogana S, Khalifah S, Mahan M, Ismail S, Buckle M, Narayana AK, Sulaiman M.Department of Pharmacy, University of Malaya, Malaysia. christophe_wiart@yahoo.com
Seventy-two extracts (methanol) obtained from the leaves, barks, and roots of 50 plant species used in the traditional medicine of Perak, Peninsular Malaysia, have been screened for antibacterial and antifungal activities. Peristrophe tinctoria, Polyalthia lateriflora, Knema malayana, Solanum torvum, Celosia argentea, Eclipta prostrata, Ancistrocladus tectorius, Dillenia suffruticosa, Piper stylosum and Rafflesia hasseltii displayed the broadest spectrum of activity.
Triterpenoid saponins from Eclipta prostrata L.:Yao Xue Xue Bao. 2001 Sep;36(9):660-3. Chinese.Zhao YP, Tang HF, Jiang YP, Wang ZZ, Yi YH, Lei QY.Department of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
AIM: To study the triterpenoid saponins in the Chinese traditional medicine Eclipta prostrata L.. METHODS: Column chromatography with silica gel and HPLC were employed for the isolation and purification. The molecular structures were determined on the basis of spectral analysis (IR, MS, 1HNMR, 13CNMR, HMQC and HMBC). RESULTS: Two new triterpenoid saponins, named eclalbasaponins XI (4) and XII (5), were obtained and their structures were elucidated as 3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-16 alpha-ethoxy-olean-12-ene-28-oic acid-28-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside and 3-O-[(2-O-sulfuryl-beta-D-glucopyranosyl) (1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-echinocystic acid-28-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, respectively, along with three known saponins, eclalbasaponins II (1), I (2) and III (3). CONCLUSION: Compounds 4 and 5 are new compounds, 1 and 5 induced morphological deformation of Pyricularia oryzae mycelia.
Studies on the chemical constituents of Eclipta prostrata (L).:Yao Xue Xue Bao. 2001 Jan;36(1):34-7. Chinese.Zhang JS, Guo QM.Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China. jszhang@mail.shcnc.ac.cn
AIM: To study the chemical constituents of Eclipta prostrata (L). METHODS: The constituents of E. prostrata were systematically separated with the Bohlmann method and percolation and hot extraction methods, and various chromatographies. The structures were elucidated by chemical and spectroscopic means. RESULTS: Ten compounds were isolated from the Eclipta prostrata. Their structures were determined as wedelolactone (1), demethylwedelolactone (2), isodemethylwedelolactone (3), alpha-formylterthienyl (4), strychnolactone (5), beta-sitosterol (6), nonacosanol (7), stearic acid (8), lacceroic acid (9), 3,4-dihydoxy benzoic acid (10). Fourteen ocmpounds, including hydrocarbons and its esters were identified by GC-MS from the least polar fractions. CONCLUSION: Compound 3 is a new coumestan named isodemethylwedelolactone. Compounds 2-10 and compounds characterized by GC-MS analysis were obtained for the first time from Eclipta prostrata.
Effect of ethyl acetate extract of Eclipta prostrata on mice of normal and immunosupression.:Zhong Yao Cai. 2000 Jul;23(7):407-9. Chinese.Liu X, Jiang Y, Zhao Y, Tang H.Pharmaceutical Department, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032.
OBJECTIVE: The regulatory effects of ethyl acetate extract of Eclipta prostrata (EAEEP) on immune function were studied. METHODS: The experimental immunosuppressive mice models were induced by injection of cyclophosphamide or hydrocartisone. RESULTS: The index of spleen in normal mice were decreased significantly. So was the level of hemolysin in serum, Delayed trpe hypersensitivity was also inhibited at the same condition. But EAEEP can increase all these indexes in immunosuppressive mice. CONCLUSION: EAEEP possesses obvious regulatory action on immune function in mice.
Serine proteinase inhibitors in the Compositae: distribution, polymorphism and properties.:Phytochemistry. 2002 Feb;59(3):279-91.Konarev AV, Anisimova IN, Gavrilova VA, Vachrusheva TE, Konechnaya GY, Lewis M, Shewry PR.All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection (VIZR), Podbelsky 3, St. Petersburg, 189620 Russia. al_konarev@hotmail.com
Multiple molecular forms of inhibitors of trypsin (TI) and chymotrypsin (CI), which are typical digestive enzymes of insects, mammals and micro-organisms, and subtilisin (SI), a proteinase of many bacteria and phytopathogenic fungi, were identified in seeds and vegetative organs of the majority of 128 wild and cultivated species representing 65 genera of three of the subfamilies of the Compositae. Inhibitors with M(r) ranging from 7450 to 7800 and combining activities towards subtilisin and trypsin and/or chymotrypsin (T/C/SI) had the widest distribution and may be involved in plant defense mechanisms. They were found in many species of the subfamilies Carduoideae (genera Carthamus, Centaurea, Cirsium), Cichorioideae (Lactuca, Taraxacum) and Asteroideae (Helianthus, Cosmos, Bidens). Partial amino acid sequencing showed that the safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) T/C/SI and Cosmos bipinnatus T/C/SI, T/SI and C/SI belonged to the potato I inhibitor family. The most active, variable and heterogeneous inhibitors were found in species of the tribe Heliantheae, which is placed in the evolutionary advanced subfamily Asteroideae. Seeds of Helianthus species, Eclipta prostrata, Gailardia aristata, Zinnia elegans and Silphium perfoliatum contained various TI with M(r) ranging from 1500 to 14,750, with some also containing SI. H. annuus seeds contain a unique cyclic TI of M(r) 1514 and similar TI were also present in other Helianthus spp. and the related species Tithonia diversifolia. Zinnia elegans contained a TI with M(r) 11,350 which appeared to represent a novel type of inhibitor distantly related to the cereal subgroup of Bowman-Birk inhibitors. TI and T/SI varied widely in H. annuus lines and wild Helianthus species in their presence or absence and composition. Similar T/SI components were found in the cultivated diploid H. annuus and annual diploid species with the B genome but not in perennials with the A genome. Some T/SI, SI and TI were detected in vegetative organs of sunflower and other Compositae. Studies of the polymorphism and distribution of proteinase inhibitors are relevant to the evolution of protective protein systems and the mechanisms of resistance to pathogenic organisms in the Compositae and other plants.
Medicinal and ethnoveterinary remedies of hunters in Trinidad.:BMC Complement Altern Med. 2001;1:10. Epub 2001 Nov 30.Lans C, Harper T, Georges K, Bridgewater E.Group Technology and Agrarian Development, Hollandseweg 1, 6706 KN Wageningen University, the Netherlands. Cher2lans@netscape.net
BACKGROUND: Ethnomedicines are used by hunters for themselves and their hunting dogs in Trinidad. Plants are used for snakebites, scorpion stings, for injuries and mange of dogs and to facilitate hunting success. RESULTS: Plants used include Piper hispidum, Pithecelobium unguis-cati, Bauhinia excisa, Bauhinia cumanensis, Cecropia peltata, Aframomum melegueta, Aristolochia rugosa, Aristolochia trilobata, Jatropha curcas, Jatropha gossypifolia, Nicotiana tabacum, Vernonia scorpioides, Petiveria alliacea, Renealmia alpinia, Justicia secunda, Phyllanthus urinaria,Phyllanthus niruri,Momordica charantia, Xiphidium caeruleum, Ottonia ovata, Lepianthes peltata, Capsicum frutescens, Costus scaber, Dendropanax arboreus, Siparuma guianensis, Syngonium podophyllum, Monstera dubia, Solanum species, Eclipta prostrata, Spiranthes acaulis, Croton gossypifolius, Barleria lupulina, Cola nitida, Acrocomia ierensis (tentative ID). CONCLUSION: Plant use is based on odour, and plant morphological characteristics and is embedded in a complex cultural context based on indigenous Amerindian beliefs. It is suggested that the medicinal plants exerted a physiological action on the hunter or his dog. Some of the plants mentioned contain chemicals that may explain the ethnomedicinal and ethnoveterinary use. For instance some of the plants influence the immune system or are effective against internal and external parasites. Plant baths may contribute to the health and well being of the hunting dogs.
Preliminary studies on chemical constituents and pharmacological action of Eclipta prostrata L.:Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 1998 Nov;23(11):680-2, 703. Chinese.Han Y, Xia C, Cheng X, Xiang R, Liu H, Yan Q, Xu D.Jiangsu Provincial Institute of Materia Medica, Nanjing 210009.
OBJECTIVE: To study the pharmacologically active components of Eclipta prostrata. METHOD: The components were extracted by alcohol and isolated by silica gel column and subjected to pharmacological screening. RESULT: Four compounds were isolated from E. prostrata, of which two were identified as stigmasterol and alpha-terthienyl. CONCLUSION: alpha-Terthienyl was isolated from the plant for the first time. The EtOAc part of alcoholic extraction exhibits significant hepatoprotective activity against carbon terachloride-induced liver injury in rats.
Inhibition of the myotoxic and hemorrhagic activities of crotalid venoms by Eclipta prostrata (Asteraceae) extracts and constituents.:Toxicon. 1994 May;32(5):595-603.Melo PA, do Nascimento MC, Mors WB, Suarez-Kurtz G.Departamento de Farmacologia B¨¢sica e Cl¨ªnica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
The antimyotoxic and antihemorrhagic effects of Eclipta prostrata (EP) and three of its constituents (wedelolactone, WE; stigmaterol, ST; and sitosterol, SI) were investigated. The myotoxicity of crotalid venoms (Bothrops jararaca, Bothrops jararacussu and Lachesis muta), purified myotoxins (bothropstoxin, BthTX; bothropasin; and crotoxin), and polylysine was quantified in vitro by the release rate of creatine kinase (CK) from rat or mouse extensor digitorum muscles, and in vivo by the plasma CK activity in mice. The in vitro myotoxicity of the crotalid venoms and myotoxins was neutralized by simultaneous exposure of the muscles to an aqueous extract of EP or to WE. ST and SI were less effective than WE, but interacted synergistically with it. Both the EP extract and WE failed to neutralize the in vitro myotoxic effects of polylysine. The in vivo myotoxicity of venoms and myotoxins was neutralized by their preincubation with the EP extract or WE. Intravenous administration of the plant extract or WE attenuated the increase in plasma CK activity induced by subsequent intramuscular injections of the crotalid venoms or the myotoxins. EP and WE inhibited the hemorrhagic effect of B. jararaca venom, as well as the phospholipase A2 activity of crotoxin and the proteolytic activity of B. jararaca venom. The data provide direct evidence for antimyotoxic and antihemorrhagic effects of EP and WE against the crotalid venoms responsible for most cases of envenomation by snakebites in Brazil. These effects are interpreted as consequences of antiproteolytic and antiphospholipase A2 activities of EP and its constituents.
Plants with a reputation against snakebite.:Toxicon. 1992 Oct;30(10):1131-42. Review.Martz W.Institute of Legal Medicine, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, F.R.G.
Many plants are recommended in traditional medicine as active against various effects of snakebite. Few attempts have been made to investigate the veracity of these assertions in controlled experiments. Several workers, mainly Oriental, have investigated the reputation of such plants by performing in vitro and in vivo experiments in order to demonstrate whether there was any protective effect, using drugs or mixtures of drugs prepared using traditional formulae. In some studies, these extracts were administered to mice before or after treatment with different elapid or crotalid venoms. Other papers deal with selected compounds isolated from Schumanniophyton magnificum, Eclipta prostrata or Aristolochia shimadai, and their capacity to inhibit phospholipase A2 or other enzymes (e.g. ATPase) or for physiological and biochemical properties (such as effects on uterine tone or the protection of mitochondrial membranes). Workers have described the antihaemorrhagic effect of persimmon tannin from Diospyros kaki. Atropine has been attributed a life-prolonging effect after black mamba venom treatment. Prolonged survival was also observed after pretreatment with extracts of Diodia scandens and Andrographis paniculata. Some authors have found little or no beneficial effects. The papers collected so far show that there are no systematic investigations in this field.
Effects of mixture of Astragalus membranaceus, Fructus Ligustri lucidi and Eclipta prostrata on immune function in mice.:Hua Xi Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao. 1992 Sep;23(4):408-11. Chinese.He J, Li Y, Wei S, Guo M, Fu W.
A Chinese medicine mixture containing Astragalus membranaceus, Fructus Ligustri Lucidi and Eclipta prostrata(AFE), was fed to mice 9g/kg, 20g/kg, respectively for seven days. Observe the effects of AFE on the immune function in mice. The experiment showed that the two dosages of AFE could obviously raise the conversion percentage of lymphocytes (P < 0.01) and serum IgG level (41%-47%) of the mice. The weights of the thymus and spleensed increased in the two groups compared with those in the normal control. The larger dosage of AFE could also raise activity of Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) obviously (P < 0.01). AFE turned out a resistance to the immunosuppressive effect caused by cyclophosphamide.
Development of natural crude drug resources from Taiwan (X). Pharmacognostical studies on the Chinese crude drug "han-lian-cao".:Am J Chin Med. 1992;20(1):51-64.Chen JY, Lin CC, Namba T.School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical College, Taiwan.
In a previous paper(1), it was reported that the drug "Han-lian-cao", in Taiwan was derived from the entire plant or aerial part of Eclipta prostrata L. and Alternanthera sessilis R. Brown. In this paper, the histological studies of "Han-lian-cao" derived from Wedelia and Hypericum plants, and of 3 species of Wedelia related plants distributed in Taiwan were made. The results showed that it was possible to classify these species by their external and internal characteristics. In addition, a key to the characteristics of the whole plants of Eclipta, Alternanthera, Wedelia and Hypericum plants are hereby given.
Cytological study on Eclipta prostrata L..:Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 1990 Nov;15(11):656-8, 702. Chinese.Ge C, Wan P.Shandong College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan.
The authors report that the karyotype formula of Eclipta prostrata is K(2n) = 22 = 16m + 6sm, which belongs to "1A" of stebbins, the chromosome composition based on relative length is 2n = 22 = 10M2 + 12M1, and the total length of the chromosome is 29.3 microns. The chromosome volume of E. prostrata has also been calculated.
Neutralization of lethal and myotoxic activities of South American rattlesnake venom by extracts and constituents of the plant Eclipta prostrata (Asteraceae).:Toxicon. 1989;27(9):1003-9.Mors WB, do Nascimento MC, Parente JP, da Silva MH, Melo PA, Suarez-Kurtz G.Nucleo de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Ethanolic extracts of the aerial parts of Eclipta prostrata L. (Asteraceae) neutralized the lethal activity of the venom of South American rattlesnake (Crotalus durissus terrificus) when mixed in vitro before i.p. injection into adult Swiss mice. Samples of ethanolic extract corresponding to 1.8 mg of dry extract per animal neutralized up to four lethal doses of the venom (LD50 = 0.08 micrograms venom/g animal). Three substances isolated from the plant--wedelolactone (0.54 mg/animal), sitosterol (2.3 mg/animal) and stigmasterol (2.3 mg/animal)--were able to neutralize three lethal doses of the venom. Aqueous extracts of the plant inhibited the release of creatine kinase from isolated rat muscle exposed to the crude venom. The protection conferred against the myotoxic effects of the venom could be demonstrated also in vivo, when the venom was preincubated with the extract prior to injection into mice.
Scientific References:
1.Research Update:Eclipta prostrata.
Claims & Warning:
Claims: Information this web site presented is meant for Nutritional Benefit and as an educational starting point only, for use in maintenance and promotion good health in cooperation with a common knowledge base reference...Furthermore,it based solely on the traditional and historic use or legend of a given herb from the garden of Adonis. Although every effort has been made to ensure its accurate, please note that some info may be outdated by more recent scientific developments......
Pharmakon Warning: The order of knowledge is not the transparent order of forms and ideas,as one might be tempted retrospectively to interpret it; it is the antidote....(Dissemination,Plato's Pharmacy,II.The Ingredients:Phantasms,Festivals,and Paints;138cf. Jacques Derrida.).
And as it happens,the technique of imitation,along with the production of the simulacrum,has always been in Plato's eyes manifestly magical,thaumaturgical:......and the same things appear bent and straight to those who view them in water and out,or concave and convex,owing to similar errors of vision about colors, and there is obviously every confusion of this sort in our souls.And so scene painting (skiagraphia) in its exploitation of this weakness of four nature falls nothing short of witchcraft (thaumatopoia), and so do jugglery and many other such contrivances.(Republic X,602c-d;cf.also 607c).
seminal trace...Ecliptae Prostratae Extract.10:1.Han Lian Cao,Herba Ecliptae Extract.Ecliptae Prostratae Extract,Verbesina alba,Keremek Hutan....
Phytochemical info of Eclipta prostrata
HIV-1 protease and HIV-1 integrase inhibitory substances from Eclipta prostrata.:Phytother Res. 2007 Aug 15;Tewtrakul S, Subhadhirasakul S, Cheenpracha S, Karalai C.Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat©\Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand.
Scientific References:
Claims & Warning:
