Wonderful uses of Willow Herb Species and Epilobium Class,willow herb extract from Epilobium parviflorum and Epilobium angustifollum.

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Phytochemicals of Hoary willowherb,Epilobium parviflorum.

Small Flowered Willow Herb Extract.Large Flowered Willow Herb Extract.INCI Name Epilobium Angustifolium Extract Epilobium Parviflorum Extract Willow-herb Extract hoary willowherb extract Epilobio Epilobii Herbs Extract Epilobium spp herba Epilobium parviflorum Schreber photo picture image All willow herb species contain flavorglycosides, especially derivatives of kaempferol, quercetin, and myricetin.
Epilobium parviflorum also contains b-sitosterol, various esters of sitosterol, and sitosterol glucoside have been detected.

These are the compounds considered to be the active ingredients of Saw Palmetto, another major herb used for treating the prostate. Gallic-acid derivatives are also present. Gallic acid and ellagitannins are considered to be the actives associated with the drinking of green tea. Two of these macrocyclic ellagitannins, oenothein A and oenothein B, have been identified as the main constituents responsible for the inhibition of 5-alpha-reductase and aromatese enzymes. These enzymes are considered to play key roles in the cancer of the prostate.

Preliminary (in vitro) studies at the Prostate Center of Vancouver found that very low concentrations of an extract from small-flowered willow herb tea, in the micrograms per ml level, was among the most active ever seen against abnormal cells and growths of the prostate. Several extracts from Epilobium parviflorum, were evaluated in biochemical assays with 5-alpha-reductase and aromatase, two enzymes involved in the etiology of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Aqueous extracts displayed inhibition of these enzymes and the active compounds identified were macrocyclic ellagitannins, oenothein A1, B1 and B2, which can make up to 14% of crude plant extracts. Out of a total of 92 plant phenolic extracts tested, small-flowered willow herb was also found to have high antioxidant activity.
Small Flowered Willow Herb Extract.Large Flowered Willow Herb Extract.INCI Name Epilobium Angustifolium Extract Epilobium Parviflorum Extract Willow-herb Extract hoary willowherb extract Epilobio Epilobii Herbs Extract Epilobium spp herba Epilobium parviflorum Schreber photo picture image

Name:Oenothein A:

Chemical Name: D-Glucose, cyclic 4.fwdarw.2:6.fwdarw.2'-[(1S)-4-(6-carboxy-2,3,4-trihydroxyphenoxy)-4'-[6-[[4,6-O-[[(1S)-4,4',5,5',6,6'-hexahydroxy[1,1'-biphenyl]-2,2'-diyl]dicarbonyl]-3-O-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)-D-glucos-2-O-yl]carbonyl]-2,3,4-trihydroxyphenoxy]-5,5',6,6'-tetrahydroxy[1,1'-biphenyl]-2,2'-dicarboxylate] 3-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate), cyclic diester with D-glucose cyclic 4.fwdarw.2':6.fwdarw.2-[(1S)-4-(6-carboxy-2,3,4-trihydroxyphenoxy)-4',5,5',6,6'-pentahydroxy[1,1'-biphenyl]-2,2'-dicarboxylate] 3-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate)

CAS RN.:137422-98-1 Molecular Weight: 2353.62 g/mol Molecular Formula: C102H72O66.
Small Flowered Willow Herb Extract.Large Flowered Willow Herb Extract.INCI Name Epilobium Angustifolium Extract Epilobium Parviflorum Extract Willow-herb Extract hoary willowherb extract Epilobio Epilobii Herbs Extract Epilobium spp herba Epilobium parviflorum Schreber photo picture image

Name:Oenothein B:

Chemical Name: D-Glucose, cyclic 4,6-(4-(6-carboxy-2,3,4-trihydroxyphenoxy)-4',5,5',6,6'-pentahydroxy(1,1'-biphenyl)-2,2'-dicarboxylate) 2-(2-((6,6'-dicarboxy-2,2',3,3',4'-pentahydroxy(1,1'-biphenyl)-4-yl)oxy)-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate) 3-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate), cyclic ester with D-glucose 3-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate), (2(S),4(S))-
CAS RN.:104987-36-2
Small Flowered Willow Herb Extract.Large Flowered Willow Herb Extract.INCI Name Epilobium Angustifolium Extract Epilobium Parviflorum Extract Willow-herb Extract hoary willowherb extract Epilobio Epilobii Herbs Extract Epilobium spp herba Epilobium parviflorum Schreber photo picture image

Small-flowered willow herb tea is also recommended for treating urinary tract infections in women. In one study, both the large-flowered willow herb (Epilobium angustifolium) and small-flowered willow herb E. parviflorum were found to reduce inflammatory prostaglandins in the carrageenin-induced rat paw edema test; in this study, E. angustifolia was found to be 5 times more powerful than E. parviflori. Antimicrobial screening of 13 phenolic substances and 29 extracts prepared from Finnish plant materials against selected microbes found that small flower willow herb (Epilobium angustifolium L.) was one of the most active plant extracts tested against bacteria.

Chemically, the plant contains an abundance of phenolic compounds, tannins and flavonoids, many of which appear to have biological activity. Willowherb extracts possess antimicrobial effects against a number of bacteria, including recently discovered activity of the Willowherb extract, along with isolated constituents, against the bacteria, Propionibacterium acnes. Myricetin 3-0-glucuronide has been identified as one of the anti-inflammatory components of willowherb. A special elagitannin, oenothein B, is present in the plant and appears to be an active anti-inflammatory component. The reported anti-cancer activity of willowherb extract may be related to the content of oenothein B, which has been found to exhibit potent anti-tumor properties, as well as cause inhibition of the 5-alpha-reductase enzyme.
Small Flowered Willow Herb Extract.Large Flowered Willow Herb Extract.INCI Name Epilobium Angustifolium Extract Epilobium Parviflorum Extract Willow-herb Extract hoary willowherb extract Epilobio Epilobii Herbs Extract Epilobium spp herba Epilobium parviflorum Schreber photo picture image

This explains the antihyperandrogenic effects that may be useful in the prevention and treatment of BPH, as well it supports the use of the extract in the prevention and treatment of prostate cancer. Scientific research has revealed the potential of oenothein B or similar compounds as useful antiviral and anticancer chemotherapeutic agents. The anti-cancer and analgesic properties of willowherb extract have been the subject of recent investigations, where significant activity has been found.
Small Flowered Willow Herb Extract.Large Flowered Willow Herb Extract.INCI Name Epilobium Angustifolium Extract Epilobium Parviflorum Extract Willow-herb Extract hoary willowherb extract Epilobio Epilobii Herbs Extract Epilobium spp herba Epilobium parviflorum Schreber photo picture image

Note of something:Beta-sitosterol;5-alpha-reductase;oenothein A and B

Beta-Sitosterol Is derived from many plants and cereal grasses; commonly found in rye germ oil. it has the ability to emulsify fats; and is found to be 30 times more potent than choline when it comes to the breaking down of cholesterol deposits.

Beta-sitosterol-alone and in combination with similar plant sterols-reduces blood levels of cholesterol. This appears to be because beta-sitosterol blocks absorption of cholesterol. It has also been effective in reducing symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Although molecules quite similar to beta-sitosterol inhibit cancer cells in test tubes, the relevance of this information for people remains unknown.

Beta-sitosterol is one of several plant sterols (cholesterol is the main animal sterol) found in almost all plants. High levels are found in rice bran, wheat germ, corn oils, and soybeans. Peanuts and its products, such as peanut oil, peanut butter, and peanut flour, are good sources of plant sterols, particularly beta-sitosterol.
Small Flowered Willow Herb Extract.Large Flowered Willow Herb Extract.INCI Name Epilobium Angustifolium Extract Epilobium Parviflorum Extract Willow-herb Extract hoary willowherb extract Epilobio Epilobii Herbs Extract Epilobium spp herba Epilobium parviflorum Schreber photo picture image

5-alpha-reductase inhibition:

Small Flowered Willow Herb is a herb that inhibits the enzyme 5-alpha-reductase which converts testosterone to its most potent form (dihydrotestosterone or DHT). Proscar (finasteride) is a prescription drug that works through the same mechanism as saw palmetto. Proscar decreases the levels of DHT, which results in the shrinkage of an enlarged prostate. This drug may be associated with some negative side effects, such as loss of libido. It is important to note that Proscar, unlike small flowered willow herb, has been subjected to controlled clinical studies.
Small Flowered Willow Herb Extract.Large Flowered Willow Herb Extract.INCI Name Epilobium Angustifolium Extract Epilobium Parviflorum Extract Willow-herb Extract hoary willowherb extract Epilobio Epilobii Herbs Extract Epilobium spp herba Epilobium parviflorum Schreber photo picture image

Oenothein A and B:

Inhibition of 5 alpha-reductase and aromatase, which are involved in the etiology of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), was confirmed in several recent articles. In addition, the anti-infectious activity of a water-alcohol extract of epilobium was shown in vitro (outside the body), in ovo (in an egg) and in vivo (in a living body).
Small Flowered Willow Herb Extract.Large Flowered Willow Herb Extract.INCI Name Epilobium Angustifolium Extract Epilobium Parviflorum Extract Willow-herb Extract hoary willowherb extract Epilobio Epilobii Herbs Extract Epilobium spp herba Epilobium parviflorum Schreber photo picture image

Where in the brain do estrogens act and what do they do?

Estradiol is a versatile hormone that does much more than regulate reproductive function in female animals. First recognized as products of the ovaries, we now know that estrogens are also produced from androgens by the brain and by body fat deposits, and that they are synthesized in both males and females, along with the estrogen receptors (ERs) that mediate their effects. Moreover, although originally recognized to regulate reproductive processes during adult life, estrogens also regulate sexual differentiation of the brain, and have protective effects on bone, the cardiovascular system, and the brain. In the nervous system, estrogens affect brain functions ranging from fine motor control to pain sensitivity, memory, and protection from Alzheimer's disease and stroke damage. This article presents a brief update on this emerging story.

Estrogens are generated from cholesterol via testosterone in the ovaries, but also by the brain and by body fat deposits in both males and females. Gonadal testosterone as well as adrenal androgens are the sources of estrogen formation in fat tissue and brain (fig. 1). Both males and females express intracellular ERs throughout the body and in many parts of the brain (see below).

Fig. 1.Testosterone is converted to estradiol via aromatizing enzymes and to 5-alpha dihydrotestosterone via 5-alpha reductase.

We have known for more than 40 years that estrogens target the brain of experimental animals. The first animal studies focused on estrogen actions on the hypothalamus affecting ovulation and reproductive behavior. Only recently has it become apparent that estrogens exert many actions on brain areas that are important for learning, memory, emotions, and affective state as well as motor coordination and pain sensitivity. Table 1 summarizes some of these estrogen effects.