Research Update:Dictamnus dasycarps Turcz.Densefruit Pittany Root-bark.dictamnine.

  seminal trace...Densefruit Pittany Root-bark,Dittany bark.10:1Extract...

 


   Phytochemical info of Densefruit Pittany Root-bark.

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 Definition:Densefruit Pittany Root-bark are majorly composed of
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   Research Update:Dictamnus dasycarps Turcz.Densefruit Pittany Root-bark.dictamnine.

  Determination of fraxinellone in root bark of Dictamnus dasycarpus by RP-HPLC.:Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2006 Jun;31(12):992-4. Chinese.Yuan CL, Yang DS.Department of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji 721007, China. ycl2005999@126.com

 OBJECTIVE: To develop a RP-HPLC method for determination of fraxinellone in Dictamnus dasycarpus. METHOD: RP-HPLC conditions were as follows: AT-LICHROM C18(4.6 mm x 250 mm) column, MeOH-H2O (70:30) as a mobile phase, detection wavelength 240 nm, column temperature 25 degrees C, Flow velocity 0.5 mL x min(-1). RESULT: Linear relationship is very good (r = 0.9999) in 0.018-0.18 mg x mL(-1). The average recovery is 98.9%, RSD is 1.2% (n = 4). CONCLUSION: The method is simple and repeatable and can be used for quantitative analysis of fraxinellone in root bark of D. dasycarpus.

  Studies on chemical constituents in bark of dictamnus dasycarpus.:Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2005 Nov;30(21):1663-6. Chinese.Du CF, Yang XX, Tu PF.College of Pharmacy Peking University, Beijing 100083, China.

 OBJECTIVE: To study the chemical constituents in bark of Dictamnus dasycarpus. METHOD: Isolation and purification were carried out on silica gel column chromatography, prepared thin layer chromatography and sephadex LH - 20, et al. The structures were identified by spectral analysis. RESULT: Twelve compounds were obtained from bark of D. dasycarpus and the structures were determined as dictamnine (I), fraxinellone (II), skimmianine (III), gamma-fagarine (IV ), beta-sitosterol (V), obacunone (VI), limonin disophenol (VII), fraxinellonone (VIII), wogonin (IX), rutevin (X), kihadinin B (XI), dasycarine (XII). CONCLUSION: Compounds IX and XI were isolated from genus Dictamnus for the first time, and compound VIII was isolated from the species for the first time.

  Preliminary attempt at the speciation of 25-elements in the Chinese medicinal herbs.:Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2004 Aug;29(8):753-9. Chinese. Wang JY, Li O, Liu YQ, Xie Q, Huang Z, Tu PF, Guo XL, Liu HS.School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China. wjy@bjmu.edu.cn

 OBJECTIVE: To make an attempt at the multi-element speciation in the Chinese medicinal herbs by determining the concentrations of 25 elements in different extraction solutions. METHOD: Firstly, five Chinese medicinal herbs (Buddleja officinalis, Dictamnus dasycarpus, Myristica fragrans, Albizia judibrissin and Inula japonica) from the same region of China were treated to obtain water-soluble phase, lipid-soluble phase and non-soluble phase by water extraction, organic solvent extraction and acid digestion, respectively. Secondly, Phytolacca acinosa, a Chinese medicinal herb collected from 9 regions of China, was extracted by 0% EtOH, 50% EtOH, 75% EtOH, 95% EtOH, respectively, referring the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Finally, the concentrations of 25 elements, such as Be, Cr, Cu, Zn, Ge, Sr, Y, Mo, Cd, Tl, Pb and REEs, in the above three phases were determined by ICP-MS. RESULT: Under the optimal conditions, all the 25 elements could be determined with detection limits ranged from 0.003 to 0.71 ng x g(-1). The average recoveries of the elements in P. acinosa were 88% approximately 119%, with the relative standard deviations 1.7% approximately 13.3%. It was observed that the determined 25 elements distributed in all the water-soluble, lipid-soluble and non-soluble phases, indicating that the inorganic species, organicspecies, as well as the protein bound species were coexisted in the herbs. Big differences of the element extraction rates could be found by using different ethanol solutions. CONCLUSION: With the aid of the obtained results, we may increase the extraction of necessary elements while decrease that of the toxic elements from the herbs by choosing a suitable solvent during the drug production.

  Cytotoxic terpenoid and immunosuppressive phenolic glycosides from the root bark of Dictamnus dasycarpus.:Planta Med. 2002 May;68(5):425-9.Chang J, Xuan LJ, Xu YM, Zhang JS.Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.

 Five new compounds, two degraded terpene glycosides, dasycarpusides A and B (1, 2), and three phenolic glycosides, 2-methoxy-4-hydroxymethylphenol 1-O-alpha-rhamnopyranosyl-(1"-->6')- beta-glucopyranoside ( 3), 2-methoxy-4-acetylphenol 1-O-alpha-rhamnopyranosyl-(1"-->6')-beta-glucopyranoside (4), and 2-methoxy-4-(8-hydroxyethyl)-phenol 1-O-alpha-rhamnopyranosyl-(1"-->6')-beta-glucopyranoside (5), were isolated from the water-soluble constituents of the root bark of Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz.(Rutaceae). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis and chemical evidence. Moreover, it was found that dasycarpuside A (1) showed weak cytotoxic activity against A-549 (human lung adenocarcinoma) cell line, while 4 and 5 showed more remarkable activity of inhibiting the proliferation of T-cells in vitro.

  Hepatitis associated with Chinese herbs.:Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2002 May;14(5):559-62. Review.McRae CA, Agarwal K, Mutimer D, Bassendine MF.Freeman Hospital Liver Unit, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals Trust, Newcastle, UK.

 Traditional Chinese herbal medicines are widely available in Western society and are popular as a form of 'natural' alternative medicine. Their use is increasing, as they are perceived to be free of side effects, but they remain largely unregulated. We describe two patients who suffered severe hepatitis, one of whom died, after taking Chinese herbal remedies for minor complaints. We also review the English-language literature on hepatitis associated with Chinese herbs. Two products appear to be implicated frequently: Jin bu huan was taken by 11 patients, and Dictamnus dasycarpus was taken by six patients, including both fatal cases. It is difficult to provide conclusive evidence of what caused hepatitis, as these products are mixtures that may contain adulterants. These cases highlight not only the potential dangers of these products to consumers but also the need for greater control of their manufacture and use.


  Feeding deterrents from Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz against two stored-product insects..:J Agric Food Chem. 2002 Mar 13;50(6):1447-50.Liu ZL, Xu YJ, Wu J, Goh SH, Ho SH.Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Block S2, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543.

 The screening for insecticidal principles from several Chinese medicinal herbs showed that the root bark of Dictamnus dasycarpus possessed significant feeding deterrence against two stored-product insects (Tribolium castaneum and Sitophilus zeamais). From the methanol extract, two feeding deterrents were isolated by bioassay-guided fractionation. The compounds were identified as fraxinellone and dictamnine from their spectroscopic data. Fraxinellone was demonstrated to possess feeding deterrent activity against adults and larvae of T. castaneum as well as S. zeamais adults with EC50 values of 36.4, 29.1, and 71.2 ppm, respectively. Dictamnine was shown to have feeding deterrent activity against adults and larvae of T. castaneum as well as S. zeamais adults with EC50 values of 57.6, 47.9, and 91.7 ppm, respectively.

  Seven new sesquiterpene glycosides from the root bark of Dictamnus dasycarpus.:J Nat Prod. 2001 Jul;64(7):935-8.Chang J, Xuan LJ, Xu YM, Zhang JS.Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 294 Taiyuan Road, Shanghai 200031, People's Republic of China.

 From the water-soluble constituents of the root bark of Dictamnus dasycarpus, six new eudesmane-type sesquiterpene glycosides, dictamnosides H-M (1-6), and a new trinorguaiane-type sesquiterpene glycoside, dictamnoside N (7), together with four known sesquiterpene glycosides, dictamnosides A (8), B (9), D (10), and G (11), were isolated. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses and chemical evidence. In vitro tests for immunological activity showed dictamnoside A (8) to possess remarkable activity in stimulating the proliferation of T-cells.

  Potentiating effect of obacunone from Dictamnus dasycarpus on cytotoxicity of microtuble inhibitors, vincristine, vinblastine and taxol.:Planta Med. 2000 Feb;66(1):74-6.Jung H, Sok DE, Kim Y, Min B, Lee J, Bae K.

 The limonoid triterpene, obacunone, was found to enhance the cytotoxicity of vincristine against L1210 cells by approximately 10-fold. Further, it was found that the cytotoxicity of other microtubule inhibitors such as vinblastine and taxol in drug-sensitive KB-3-1 cells as well as in multidrug-resistant KB-V1 cells was enhanced greatly in the presence of obacunone. On the other hand, there was no remarkable potentiating effect of obacunone on the cytotoxicity of other antineoplastic drugs such as adriamycin, cisplatin or 5-fluorouracil. From these results, it is implied that the potentiating action of obacunone may be limited to microtubule inhibitors.

  Sulphorhodamine B assay for measuring proliferation of a pigmented melanocyte cell line and its application to the evaluation of crude drugs used in the treatment of vitiligo.:J Ethnopharmacol. 1999 Aug;66(2):141-50.Lin ZX, Hoult JR, Raman A.Institute of Chinese Medicine, London, UK.

 A rapid 96-well plate assay using sulphorhodamine B (SRB) protein stain for cell number has been adopted to screen herbs used in traditional treatments of vitiligo for substances capable of stimulating melanocyte proliferation. Its applicability to melan-a cells, a mouse pigmented cell line, has been validated. SRB assay produced good linearity up to 11 x 10(4) cells/well and interference by melanin present in the cells accounted for less than 10% of the total optical density readings. The intra-assay variation was small but interassay variation was marked. For better assay precision, it is recommended that the results to be compared should be performed on the same day and controls should be plated in the same experiment, ideally in the same plate. Optimum conditions for exponential melan-a cell growth were established: viz. initial plating density (3-8 x 10(3) cells/well), incubation period (4 days) and foetal bovine serum concentration (5%). Under these conditions cells were responsive to the mitogen tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate (TPA). Out of 28 herbal extracts screened in this assay, significant stimulation (P < 0.05) of melanocyte proliferation was observed, in the absence of TPA, using aqueous extracts of Astragalus membranaceous root, Citrus reticulata peel, Dictamnus dasycarpus root bark. Ophiopogon japonicus root, Poria cocos sclerotium and Tribulus terrestris fruit.

  Antifungal alkaloids and limonoid derivatives from Dictamnus dasycarpus.:Phytochemistry. 1998 Jan;47(1):7-11.Zhao W, Wolfender JL, Hostettmann K, Xu R, Qin G.Institut de Pharmacognosie et Phytochimie, Universit¨¦ de Lausanne, BEP, Switzerland.

 From the root bark of Dictamnus dasycarpus (Rutaceae), four limonoid derivatives, two furoquinoline alkaloids, five limonoids, two sesquiterpenes and three steroids were isolated and their structures elucidated on the basis of various spectroscopic methods. Among the identified compounds, one was determined to be a new natural product, 6 beta-hydroxyfraxinellone, while six compounds were found to be active against the plant pathogenic fungus Cladosporium cucumerinum. The relationship between the structures of limonoid derivatives and their inhibitory activity against fungal growth was investigated.


  Chemical constituents from the root bark of Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz.:Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 1992 Sep;17(9):551-2, 576. Chinese.Wang Z, Xu F, An S.Anhui Institute of Medical Sciences, Hefei.

 Rutaevin was isolated from the root bark of Dictamnus dasycarpus. It has been obtained from genus Dictamnus for the first time.

  Vasorelaxing effect in rat thoracic aorta caused by fraxinellone and dictamine isolated from the Chinese herb Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz: comparison with cromakalim and Ca2+ channel blockers.:Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 1992 Mar;345(3):349-55.Yu SM, Ko FN, Su MJ, Wu TS, Wang ML, Huang TF, Teng CM.Pharmacological Institute, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei.

 The components of Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz were tested for their vasorelaxing effect on the rat aorta, and fraxinellone and dictamine were shown to be effective vasorelaxants. In high K+ (60 mmol/l) medium, Ca2+ (0.03 to 3 mmol/l)-induced vasoconstriction was inhibited concentration-dependently by both agents. The IC50 for fraxinellone and dictamine were calculated to be about 25 mumol/l and 15 mumol/l (for Ca2+ concentration of 1 mmol/l), respectively. Cromakalim (0.2-10 mumol/l) relaxed aortic rings precontracted with 15 but not 60 mmol/l of K+. Fraxinellone and verapamil were more potent and effective in producing relaxation in 60 mmol/l than in 15 mmol/l K(+)-induced contraction. However, dictamine was more potent in producing relaxation in 15 mmol/l K(+)-induced contraction. Nifedipine (1 mumol/l), dictamine (100 mumol/l) and fraxinellone (100 mumol/l) relaxed the aortic contraction caused by KCl or Bay K 8644. The tonic contraction elicited by noradrenaline (NA, 3 mumol/l) was also relaxed by dictamine (500 mumol/l), but not by fraxinellone (500 mumol/l) in the nifedipine (1 mumol/l)-treated aorta. This relaxing effect of dictamine persisted in endothelium-denuded aorta. Glibenclamide (10 mumol/l) shifted the concentration-relaxation curve of cromakalim, but not that of dictamine, to the right in rat aortic rings precontracted with NA. Dictamine (500 mumol/l) did not affect tonic contraction of NA which are reduced by H-7 (1 mumol/l) in Ca(2+)-depleted medium. In conclusion, fraxinellone is a selective blocker of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel, while dictamine relaxed the rat aorta by suppressing the Ca2+ influx through both voltage-dependent and receptor-operated Ca2+ channels.

  Alternations of Clonorchis sinensis EPG by administration of herbs in rabbits.:Am J Chin Med. 1985;13(1-4):65-9.Rhee JK, Baek BK, Ahn BZ.

 In order to investigate clonorchicidal activity in vivo, boiled water extracts of 32 species of clonorchicidal raw drugs in vitro were orally administered into rabbits infected with Clonorchis sinensis. The results of the observation of EPG variation were as follows: Suppression effects of egg-laying capacity from the rabbits administered Prunus mume and Inula helenium were greatest. Those from Dictamnus dasycarpus and Saussurea lappa were somewhat effective. Machilus thunbergii and Cassia obutusifolia, however, were less effective.

  Structural investigation on the effects of the herbs on Clonorchis sinensis in rabbits.:Am J Chin Med. 1985;13(1-4):119-25.Rhee JK, Baek BK, Ahn BZ.

 The effects of boiled water extracts of clonorchicidal raw drugs screened by the EPG counts in vivo on the structure of Clonorchis sinensis were investigated. The extracts of Cassia obutusifolia and Dictamnus dasycarpus did not seem to induce the morphological changes of the worms, and in those of Machilus thunbergii and Prun¨²s mume, widening of bladder to lower level of seminal receptacle was visible without any other changes. Those of Inula helenium and Saussurea lappa, however, disclosed regressive and progressive changes as degeneration, atrophy, necrosis, dilatation, etc. of viscera of the worms. The recover rates of the worms from experimentally infected rabbits administered with the extracts of I. helenium and S. lappa for 30 days, beginning at the 3rd day of inoculation, were as low as 2% and 2.8%, respectively.


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  1.Research Update:Dictamnus dasycarps Turcz.Densefruit Pittany Root-bark.dictamnine.