Research Update:Elecampane root,Inula helenium.

  seminal trace...Elecampane Root.Inula helenium.5:1,10:1Extract...

 


   Phytochemical info of Elecampane Root.

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 Definition:Elecampane Root are majorly composed of
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   Research Update:Elecampane root,Inula helenium.

  Late reactions in patch tests: a 4-year review from a clinic of occupational dermatology.:Contact Dermatitis. 2007 Feb;56(2):81-6.Aalto-Korte K, Alanko K, Kuuliala O, Jolanki R.The Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Control of Hypersensitivity Diseases, FI-00250 Helsinki, Finland. kristiina.aalto-korte@ttl.fi

 Late patch test reactions on day (D) 10-14, which on subsequent retesting appear in the normal time schedule on D2-D4, indicate active sensitization due to the patch test. The objective of this study was to report our series of late patch test reactions.We analysed the clinical records of all the patients who had reported late reactions for the date of the late reaction, the results of the first patch tests and retesting. Between January 2002 and February 2006, we had a total of 16 patients with late reactions (>or=D10). 12 of them were retested. Retesting confirmed active sensitization to 1 or more allergens in 11 patients (1.3% of 884 patients patch tested). In these 11 cases, none of the late reactions had clear relevance to the symptoms before its appearance. The commonest allergens were paraphenylenediamine (PPD) in 6 patients (0.72% of 826 PPD tests), elecampane (Inula helenium) and black-eyed Susan (Rudbeckia sp. hybr.) extracts in 3 patients, and 4-aminoazobenzene and Disperse Orange 3 in 2 patients. The late reaction did not generally affect the clinical course. Only 1 patient developed new dermatitis possibly due to active sensitization. Late reactions meeting the classic criteria of active sensitization were relatively common in our series from a special clinic of occupational dermatology.

  Tumor cell specific toxicity of Inula helenium extracts.:Phytother Res. 2006 Nov;20(11):970-80.Dorn DC, Alexenizer M, Hengstler JG, Dorn A.Laboratory of Developmental Hematopoiesis, Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA.

 The aim of the research program was to identify botanical extracts with antineoplastic activity. In this respect extracts prepared from Inula helenium roots showed a remarkable activity. As evidenced by the MTT assay, the Inula helenium extract revealed a highly selective toxicity toward four different tumor cell lines (HT-29, MCF-7, Capan-2 and G1), but a much lower toxicity against healthy human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) from two donors. The extract-induced death of tumor cells was studied extensively by electron microscopy. There was a remarkable similarity of morphological alterations observed in the four cell lines: patchy chromatin condensations, cytoplasmic vesiculation, swelling and rupture of mitochondria. The morphology of cellular breakdown bore more resemblance to necrotic than to apoptotic cell death, which was supported by the failure to mark early apoptotic events by Annexin V. It has been pointed out recently that compounds inducing cell death with necrotic-like morphology could be very beneficial in cases where cancerous cells have gained resistance to apoptosis. In this context, the remarkable difference in cytotoxicity exerted by the Inula helenium extract, which was over 100-times higher in the tumor cell lines than in the PBLs, makes the extract an excellent candidate for further anticancerous investigations, especially since the Inula helenium extract was not mutagenic in the Ames test.

  Simultaneous quantification of eudesmanolides and thymol derivatives from tissues of Inula helenium and I. royleana by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography.:Phytochem Anal. 2006 May;17(3):157-61. Stojakowska A, Michalska K, Malarz J.Department of Phytochemistry, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krak¨®w, Poland. stoja@if-pan.krakow.pl

 A simple and rapid isocratic reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the quantification of alantolactone/isoalantolactone and three thymol derivatives in roots and root cultures of Inula helenium and I. royleana has been developed. The method could be applied to screen raw materials in search for highly productive plants and in vitro cultures.

  Isocostunolide, a sesquiterpene lactone, induces mitochondrial membrane depolarization and caspase-dependent apoptosis in human melanoma cells.:Cancer Lett. 2007 Feb 8;246(1-2):237-52. Epub 2006 May 11. Chen CN, Huang HH, Wu CL, Lin CP, Hsu JT, Hsieh HP, Chuang SE, Lai GM.Divsion of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Taipei 114, Taiwan, ROC.

 Isocostunolide is a sesquiterpene lactone isolated from the roots of Inula helenium. Its chemical structure was determined by NMR and FAB-MS spectra. No biological activities of this compound have yet been reported. In this study, we found isocostunolide could effectively induce cytotoxicity in three cancer cell lines (A2058, HT-29, and HepG2), with an IC(50) of 3.2, 5.0, and 2.0 micro g/mL, respectively. DNA flow cytometric analysis indicated that isocostunolide actively induced apoptosis of cancer cells accompanied by a marked loss of G0/G1 phase cells. To address the mechanism of the apoptotic effect of isocostunolide, we analyzed the induction of apoptosis-related proteins in A2058. The levels of pro-caspase-8, Bid, pro-caspase-3, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) decreased. However, the level of Fas was increased markedly in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, this compound markedly induced a depolarization of mitochondrial membranes to facilitate cytochrome c release into cytosol. The findings suggest that isocostunolide may activate a mitochondria-mediated apoptosis pathway. To address this, we found that isocostunolide-induced loss of mitochondrial membrane potential occurred via modulation of the Bcl-2 family proteins. The production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in A2058 was not elicited. In summary, for the first time, we have isolated and characterized isocostunolide from I. helenium. This compound induces apoptosis through a mitochondria-dependent pathway in A2058 cells.

  Antimicrobial activity of 10-isobutyryloxy-8,9-epoxythymol isobutyrate.:Fitoterapia. 2005 Dec;76(7-8):687-90. Epub 2005 Oct 19.Stojakowska A, Kedzia B, Kisiel W.Department of Phytochemistry, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12, PL 31-343 Krak¨®w, Poland. stoja@if-pan.krakow.pl

 10-Isobutyryloxy-8,9-epoxythymol isobutyrate was found to be a major constituent of Inula helenium and Inula royleana root cultures. The compound showed moderate antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherischia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans.


  Cytotoxicity of some Russian ethnomedicinal plants and plant compounds.:Phytother Res. 2005 May;19(5):428-32.Spiridonov NA, Konovalov DA, Arkhipov VV.Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia. spiridonov@cber.fda.gov

 The cytotoxic action of crude ethanol extracts from 61 plant species used in Russian ethnomedicine for alleviating symptoms of diseases in cancer patients was studied on cultured human lymphoblastoid Raji cells. Extracts from Chelidonium majus, Potentilla erecta, Chamaenerium angustfolium, Filipendula ulmaria and Inula helenium possessed marked cytotoxicity, suppressing the growth of the cells at concentrations of 10 and 50 microg/mL. The cytotoxicity of purified active compounds from selected plant species was evaluated along with pharmaceutical antineoplastic drugs methotrexate, fluorouracil, cyclophosphamide and vinblastine. Sesquiterpene lactones helenin, telekin and artemisinin, aromatic polyacetylene capillin, and alkaloid preparation sanguirythrine suppressed cell growth at concentrations of 1-2 microg/mL, which exceeds the cytotoxicity of cyclophosphamide and fluorouracil.

  Stress-inducing effect of hypoxia of different origin and its correction with Inula Helenium L. tincture.:Bull Exp Biol Med. 2005 Apr;139(4):414-7.Zelenskaya KL, Povet'eva TN, Pashinskii VG, Fomina TN, Timina EA, Perova AV.Institute of Pharmacology, Tomsk Research Center, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Russia. ilz@pharm.tsu.ru

 In order to evaluate the severity of stress, the effects of single and repeated exposure to hypoxia of different origin (hemic, tissue, and circulatory) on the classical parameters of the Selye triad, cytological characteristics of lymphoid organs, and karyometric parameters (nucleus diameters) were studied in all adrenal zones, and analysis of correlations was carried out. The corrective effect of Inula helenium L. tincture manifested in prolongation of the life-span and normalization of somatic and morphological parameters.

  Thymol derivatives from a root culture of Inula helenium.:Z Naturforsch [C]. 2004 Jul-Aug;59(7-8):606-8.Stojakowska A, Malarz J, Kisiel W.Department of Phytochemistry, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12, PL 31-343, Krak¨®w, Poland. stoja@if-pan.krakow.pl

 A root culture of Inula helenium L. was established from leaf explants of aseptic seedlings. An ethanol extract from the lyophilised roots was fractionated using different chromatographic techniques (CC, TLC). The main secondary metabolites found in the root culture were two thymol derivatives: 10-isobutyryloxy-8,9-epoxy-thymol isobutyrate (1) and 10-isobutyryloxy-6-methoxy-8,9-epoxy-thymol isobutyrate (2). The compounds were identified by spectral methods. Quantification of compound 1 in plant material was done by analytical RP-HPLC.

  Mechanisms of antistressor activity of Inula helenium preparations.:Eksp Klin Farmakol. 2003 Jul-Aug;66(4):63-5. Russian.Nesterova IuV, Zelenskaia KL, Vetoshkina TV, Aksinenko SG, Gorbacheva AV, Gorbatykh NA.Laboratory of Phytopharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Tomsk Scientific Center, Siberian Division, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, pr. Lenina 3, Tomsk, 634028 Russia.

 The antistressor and antioxidant properties of preparations from the underground part of elfwort (Inula helenium) were studied on a model of acute stress in mice. The preparations produced a protective effect with respect to internal organs, blood, carbohydrate metabolism, and lipid peroxidation process.

  Elecampane and Job's disease.:Bull Indian Inst Hist Med Hyderabad. 1998 Jan;28(1):7-11.Al-Gammal SY.

 Elecampane (Inula Campana) sometimes referred to as Inula helenium is famous for its successful use as a medication by Prophet Job who had chronic sore boils. Hippocrates described it as a good and effective cure for chronic skin eruptions and itch etc. Elecampane is also reputed to relieve all kinds of pains, especially those arising from chills, and animal bites. In traditional medicine, Elecampane was and is still used in different forms for the cure of many diseases.


  Anthelminthic efficacy of traditional herbs on Ascaris lumbricoides.:J Egypt Soc Parasitol. 2002 Dec;32(3):893-900.El Garhy MF, Mahmoud LH.Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Egypt.

 The ascaricidal efficacy of six commonly used traditional herbs. Artemesia santonica, Inula helenium, Cassia abutnsifolla, Albizzia lebbek, Acacia auriculoformis and oil of Apium graveolens, was tested in vitro against the eggs and larvae of Ascaris lumbricoides. Aqueous extracts of 1% Artemesia and 5% of Albizzia and Inula were effective in killing both the infective larvae ill less than 40 days and eggs in 20 days. The results showed that Artemesia, Albizzia and to less extent Inula were promising antihelmintics against Ascaris lumbricoides. Extracts of the other tested herbs were less or no value.

  Contact sensitization from Compositae-containing herbal remedies and cosmetics.:Contact Dermatitis. 2002 Oct;47(4):189-98. Review.Paulsen E.National Allergy Research Center for Consumer Products, Gentofte, Denmark.

 The Compositae (Asteraceae) family of plants is currently an important cause of allergic plant contact dermatitis in Europe. The family comprises some of the oldest and most valued medicinal plants, and the increasing popularity of herbal medicine and cosmetics may theoretically result in a growing number of Compositae sensitizations from these sources. According to the literature at least 15 species, including among others arnica (Arnica montana), German and Roman chamomile (Chamomilla recutita and Chamaemelum nobile), marigold (Calendula officinalis), Echinacea and elecampane (Inula helenium), have been suspected of sensitization or elicitation of Compositae dermatitis. Epidemiological data are available for 2 species only, arnica and German chamomile, the rest of the evidence being anecdotal. Based on this, sensitization seems to occur relatively frequently with a few species such as arnica and elecampane, and occurs rarely with the majority, especially the widely used German chamomile. Sesquiterpene lactones are the most important allergens, but there are a few cases of sensitization from a coumarin, a sesquiterpene alcohol and a thiophene. The risk of elicitation of dermatitis by using Compositae-containing products in Compositae-sensitive individuals is by-and-large unknown.

  Antiproliferative sesquiterpene lactones from the roots of Inula helenium.:Biol Pharm Bull. 2002 Oct;25(10):1370-2.

 The MeOH extract of the roots of Inula helenium showed a high inhibitory activity for cell growth against MK-1, HeLa and B16F10 cell lines. Significant activity was found in the hexane-soluble fraction. From the hexane-soluble fraction, seven sesquiterpenes, namely, one germacrane (4beta,5alpha-epoxy-1(10),11(13)-germacradiene-8,12-olide), one elemane (igalane), and five eudesmanes (alantolactone, isoalantolactone, 11alpha,13-dihydroalantolactone, 11alpha,13-dihydro-isoalantolactone, 5-epoxyalantolactone) were isolated. In vitro antiproliferative activities of the isolates against MK-1, HeLa and B16F10 cells are reported.

  Sensitization and cross-reaction patterns in Danish Compositae-allergic patients.:Contact Dermatitis. 2001 Oct;45(4):197-204.Paulsen E, Andersen KE, Hausen BM.Department of Dermatology, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark.

 Results of aimed patch testing with constituents of sesquiterpene lactone (SL) mix, Compositae mix (CM) and other Compositae extracts and allergens in 190 Compositae-allergic patients detected in an 8-year period are presented. Feverfew of CM elicited positive reactions most frequently, followed by tansy, wild chamomile, yarrow and arnica, whereas dehydrocostus lactone of SL was the most frequent elicitor of positive reactions, followed by alantolactone and costunolide. Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema) and marguerite (Argyranthemum frutescens) were the most important suspected sensitizers in both occupationally and nonoccupationally exposed, and cross-reactions between chrysanthemum and feverfew/tansy/chamomile may partly explain the high prevalence of positive reactions to the 3 last mentioned. In the nonoccupationally sensitized group, garden plants such as feverfew, blanket flower (Gaillardia), elecampane (Inula helenium), large yellow ox-eye (Telekia speciosa) and cosmea (Cosmos) were additional important allergenic plants. The 3 last mentioned were picked up by SL mix. Most of the lettuce-sensitized persons were CM-positive. 19% of the occupationally sensitized group were negative to both SL and CM, making very aimed patch testing necessary, notably when suspecting rare sensitizers such as Gerbera and star of the veldt (Osteospermum). The significance of the weeds dandelion, dog fennel and ox-eye daisy as sensitizers is not clarified, but they are probably less important than cultivated plants.

  Antimycobacterial eudesmanolides from Inula helenium and Rudbeckia subtomentosa.:Planta Med. 1999 May;65(4):351-5.Cantrell CL, Abate L, Fronczek FR, Franzblau SG, Quijano L, Fischer NH.Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, USA.

 In a bioassay guided search for antimycobacterial compounds from higher plants, the root extracts of Elecampane (Inula helenium L.; Asteraceae) and Sweet Coneflower (Rudbeckia subtomentosa Pursh.; Asteraceae) were chemically investigated for their active constituents. Chromatographic fractions of root extracts of l. helenium, which exhibited significant activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, provided the known eudesmanolides alantolactone, isoalantolactone, and 11 alpha H, 13-dihydroisoalantolactone. Peracid epoxidation of alantolactone and isoalantolactone provided 5 alpha-epoxyalantolactone and 4(15) alpha-epoxyisoalantolactone, respectively and oxidation of alantolactone with OsO4 gave 11,13-dihydroxyalantolactone. Active fractions from R subtomentosa contained the known alloalantolactone and 3-oxoalloalantolactone. The structures of the above compounds were established by spectroscopic methods including 1D and 2D NMR techniques as well as spectral comparison with previously reported data. The molecular structure of 5 alpha-epoxyalantolactone was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Eleven natural and semisynthetic eudesmanolides were tested in a radiorespirometric bioassay for activity against M. tuberculosis. 5 alpha-Epoxyalantolactone and encelin from Montanoa speciosa showed minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 8 and 16 micrograms ml-1, respectively. Alantolactone, isoalantolactone and its 4 alpha, 15-epoxide, 1,2-dehydro-3-epi-isotelekin and alloalantolactone gave MICs of 32 micrograms ml-1. All other compounds showed MIC values of 128 micrograms ml-1 or higher.


  A murine in vitro model of allergic contact dermatitis to sesquiterpene alpha-methylene-gamma-butyrolactones.:Arch Dermatol Res. 1992;284(5):297-302.Alonso Blasi N, Fraginals R, Lepoittevin JP, Benezra C.Dermatochemistry Laboratory, CNRS (URA 31), Louis Pasteur University, Dermatology Clinic, CHU, Strasbourg, France.

 The use of a lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) to provide evidence of allergic contact dermatitis was investigated. The haptens studied were alantolactone and isoalantolactone, two moderate allergens from Inula helenium L., a decorative and medicinal plant. Only alantolactone showed a significant response in vivo and in vitro in mice sensitized epicutaneously, without using Freund's complete adjuvant. Isoalantolactone did not show any sensitizing capacity in the murine model studied. The comparison of in vitro lymphocyte proliferation and in vivo allergenic capacity showed a good correlation and clearly demonstrates that, of the two sesquiterpene lactones, alantolactone is the better sensitizer.

  Alternations of Clonorchis sinensis EPG by administration of herbs in rabbits.:Am J Chin Med. 1985;13(1-4):65-9.Rhee JK, Baek BK, Ahn BZ.

 In order to investigate clonorchicidal activity in vivo, boiled water extracts of 32 species of clonorchicidal raw drugs in vitro were orally administered into rabbits infected with Clonorchis sinensis. The results of the observation of EPG variation were as follows: Suppression effects of egg-laying capacity from the rabbits administered Prunus mume and Inula helenium were greatest. Those from Dictamnus dasycarpus and Saussurea lappa were somewhat effective. Machilus thunbergii and Cassia obutusifolia, however, were less effective.

  Structural investigation on the effects of the herbs on Clonorchis sinensis in rabbits.:Am J Chin Med. 1985;13(1-4):119-25. Rhee JK, Baek BK, Ahn BZ.

 The effects of boiled water extracts of clonorchicidal raw drugs screened by the EPG counts in vivo on the structure of Clonorchis sinensis were investigated. The extracts of Cassia obutusifolia and Dictamnus dasycarpus did not seem to induce the morphological changes of the worms, and in those of Machilus thunbergii and Prun¨²s mume, widening of bladder to lower level of seminal receptacle was visible without any other changes. Those of Inula helenium and Saussurea lappa, however, disclosed regressive and progressive changes as degeneration, atrophy, necrosis, dilatation, etc. of viscera of the worms. The recover rates of the worms from experimentally infected rabbits administered with the extracts of I. helenium and S. lappa for 30 days, beginning at the 3rd day of inoculation, were as low as 2% and 2.8%, respectively.


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  1.Research Update:Elecampane root,Inula helenium