Daidzein:4',7-Dihydroxyisoflavone.:Introduction and Its Benefit Applications.

Common Benefits of Daidzein.

Daidzein:4',7-Dihydroxyisoflavone,CAS:486-66-8 EINECS ELINCS No 207-635-4 isoflavonoid,weak estrogenic and weak anti-estrogenic,Anti-carcinogenic,Anti-osteoporotic photo picture image Weak estrogenic and weak anti-estrogenic:

Daidzein has both weak estrogenic and weak anti-estrogenic effects. Daizein has also antioxidant activity. Foti P. et al of the Department of Food Science and Microbiology (University of Milan) compared the antioxidant activity daidzein and genistein. antioxidant activity in primary and cancer lymphocytes. Their results showed that daidzein is just as effective as genistein in protecting cells against oxidative damage of DNA. The antioxidant activity of daidzein was measured at concentration which could be obtained by consumption of soy products.

The anti-estrogenic effect of daidzein may explain its anti-carcinogenic, anti-atherogenic and anti-osteoporotic activity. Epidemiological studies have long shown that people who consume a lot of soy have reduces incidences of prostate cancers. This benefit of soy could be explained by the anti-cancer and antioxidant activity of daidzein.
Daidzein:4',7-Dihydroxyisoflavone,CAS:486-66-8 EINECS ELINCS No 207-635-4 isoflavonoid,weak estrogenic and weak anti-estrogenic,Anti-carcinogenic,Anti-osteoporotic photo picture image

Anti-carcinogenic:

Constantinou AI et al (Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago) studied the effect of daidzein on the capacity of tomaxifen to prevent mammary tumours. They concluded that the combination of daidzein and tamoxifen produces increased protection against mammary carcinogenesis: tumour multiplicity was reduced by 76 percent and tumor incidence by 35 percent.

Studies show that groups of people who eat large amounts of soy-based products have lower incidences of breast, colon, endometrial, and prostate cancers than the general population. Initial studies of soy isoflavone mixtures containing genistein, daidzein, and glycitein have found them safe for human use. Laboratory studies using animals models have shown that both soy and isoflavones can be protective against cancer when given during early life but can stimulate response to cancer-causing chemicals when given during fetal development or when circulating levels of estrogen are low (menopause).
Daidzein:4',7-Dihydroxyisoflavone,CAS:486-66-8 EINECS ELINCS No 207-635-4 isoflavonoid,weak estrogenic and weak anti-estrogenic,Anti-carcinogenic,Anti-osteoporotic photo picture image

Anti-osteoporotic:

Daidzein seems to reduce the risk for osteoporosis. Studies have shown that daidzein stimulates the formation of osteoblasts, which are cells that produce bone mass.

Alcoholism:

There are also indications that daidzein may reduce the dependence on alcohol. Keung WM et al of the Center for Biochemical and Biophysical Sciences and Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, showed that an extract of Radix Puerariae suppressed the free-choice ethanol intake of ethanol-preferring hamsters. The herb Radix Puerariae contains daidzein and is used in China as a traditional Chinese medicine for alcohol addiction and intoxication.

Phytoestrogens:

Besides functioning as antioxidants, many isoflavones have been shown to interact with animal and human estrogen receptors, and are therefore known as phytoestrogens. Soy isoflavones also produce non-hormonal effects.

Antioxidant:

Isoflavones act as antioxidants to counteract damaging effects of free radicals in tissues. Isoflavones can act like estrogen in stimulating development and maintenance of female characteristics or they can block cells from using other forms of estrogen[citation needed]. Isoflavones also have been found to have antiangiogenic effects (blocking formation of new blood vessels), and may block the uncontrolled cell growth associated with cancer, most likely by inhibiting the activity of substances in the body that regulate cell division and cell survival (growth factors).

Antioxidant action:the antioxidant properties of genistein were demonstrated in HL-60 human leukaemia cells.Amonst tested isoflavones,genistein is the more potent inhibitor of TPA(12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol acetate) induced H2O2 formation by HL-60 cells,daidzein in second;genistein is equally the most potent in inhibiting O2 generation by xanthine/xanthine oxidate,daidzein showing a moderate inhibitory effect(Wei et al.,1995).Dietary administration of 250 ppm genistein for 30 days significantly enhances the activities of antioxidant enzymes in the skin and small intestine in mice,and pre-treatment with genistein by topical application significantly inhibits TPA-induced proto-oncogene expression in mouse skin in a dose-dependant manner.(Wei et al.,1995).The administration of soy proteins containing genistein and daidzein to prepubertal rhesus monkeys significantly reduced LDL-VLDL cholesterol concentrations(less than 30~40%) in both males and females,significantly increased HDLC(high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) in females(> 15%) and significantly lowered total plasma cholesterol/HDLC ratios.The phytoestrogens had no adverse effects on the reproductive system of either males or females as evaluated by hormone concentration and organ weights at necroscopy(Anthony et al.,1996,abstract only).In addition to its antioxidative potential during LDL(low density lipoproteins) oxidative processes,genistein exerted a cytoprotective effect on bovine aortic endothelial cell and human endothelial cell-mediated LDL from damage by oxidized lipoproteins.(Kapiotis et al.,1997).These findings support a beneficial action(of a soy diet) in preventing chronic vascular diseases and early atherogenic events.Results of recent research suggest that genistein is a potent inhibitor of UVR-induced skin carcinogenesis and could be used for chemoprevention of skin photo damage,photo aging and photo carcinogenesis.
Equol photo picture image

Transform:Equol (4',7-isoflavandiol)

Equol (4',7-isoflavandiol;Molecular formula C15H14O3 Molar mass 242.27 g/mol CAS:531-95-3.) is an isoflavandiol metabolized from daidzein, a type of isoflavone, by bacterial flora in the intestines.While endogenous estrogenic hormones such as estradiol are steroids, equol is a nonsteroidal estrogen.However, only about 30-50% of people have intestinal bacteria that make equol.Equol may have beneficial effects on the incidence of prostate cancer and physiological changes after menopause. Other benefits may be realized in treating male pattern baldness, acne, and other problems because it functions as a DHT blocker.S-Equol preferentially activates estrogen receptor type beta.

Daidzein:Bioactivity Endocrine activity

Endocrine activity:studies in which the effects on human cancer cells in vitro and on rats and mice uterus in vivo have been developed to assess the estrogenic activity of isoflavonoids.

In vitro.The relative estrogenic potencies of isoflavonoids (coumestrol,genistein,daidzein) and estradiol were estimated by an assay in vitro based on the estrogen-specific enhancement of alkaline phosphatase(AlkP) activity in human endometrial adenocarcinoma cells.The results indicate that estradiol and isoflavonoids exert their effects on AlkP by similar interaction with the estrogen receptor(ER),with potencies depending on binding affinities.Antiestrogens 4-hydroxytamoxifen and ICI 164384 suppressed their effects(Markiewicz et al.,1993).In a study comparing the effects of flavonoids(genistein,kampferol,quercetin) with estradiol and tamoxifen on human breast cancer cells MCF-7 grown in vitro,genistein behaved as a potent estrogen agonist(estrogenic action determined by binding with estrogen receptor ER,and by induction of the estrogen-regulated antigen pS2 protein) at concentration within the in vivo blood levels of genistein found in Asians consuming a soy-rich diet(10 nmol-20 umol) genistein had cell growth-inhibitory actions (Zava et Duwe,1997).Amonst other phytoestrogens,daidzein and genistein demonstrated agonistic effects on estrogen-dependant gene expression in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells.In combination,phytoestrogens stimulated the activity observed for individual ones(Willard et Frawley,1998,abstract only).

In vivo.short-term administration(5-21 d) of genistein at 750mg/g in the diet exerts estrogenic effects in the uterus,mammary gland and hypothalamus/pituitary axis of ovariectomized Sprague-Dawley rats.The relative binding of genistein to the estrogen receptor (ER) was ~1% that of estradiol(Santell et al.,1997).Genistein has been reported to exhibit estrogenic activity in mice(Bickoff et al.,1962).However,there is a difference in the response of different mouse strain.In a 4 days study,the administration of genistein by stomach tube to Swiss CD-1 mice(total dose:6 and 8 mg) did not cause any significant effect on uterus weight,nor on body weight gain.A significant increase in uterus weight was observed in mice treated with the positive control DES(total doses:0.6 and 0.8 ug)(Farmakalidis et Murphy,1984).