Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) is a very thorny shrub or small tree native to eastern Europe and Asia. It has nitrogen fixing properties and is very tolerant of drought and poor soils, so has been introduced as a shelter belt plant in some of the plains States and Canada. In eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union the berries are commonly harvested for juice, which has nutritious and other healthful properties. Medicinal uses of extracted plant oils are also well documented in Europe and Asia.
The relatively recent interest in sea buckthorn production is due to the fact that the berries are among the most nutritious and vitamin-rich fruits found. The berry can contain up to ten different vitamins as well as trace elements, fruit acid, sugar and oil. Sea buckthorn is rich in proteins, and contains up to 18 amino acids. There are over 24 chemical elements present in the juice, including calcium, iron, and manganese.
....
Basic Instruction
What is Sea Buckthorn,Hippophae rhamnoides L,Sea Buckthorn Berry,Argousier,Sanddorn,Finbar,Homokt?Seabuckthorn and its History?
Common name: Sea Buckthorn
Botanical name: Hippophae Rhamnoides
Family name: Elaeagnaceae
English Name:Seabuckthorn Fruit
Pharmaceutical Name:Fructus Hippophae
Latin Name:Hippophae rhamnoides Linn(Sha Ji) or Hippophae rhamnoides Linn. subsp. sinensis Rousi (zhong guo sha ji )
Note:Latin name of this unique plant: Hippophae Rhamnoides means "Shiny Horse".
Pin Yin Names:Cu Liu(vinegar Willow),Suan Ci(Sour Thorn),Hei Ci(Black Thorn).Sha Ji,Zhong Guo Sha Ji.
Sea Buckthorn (English), Sanddorn (German), Argousier (French), Finbar (Swedish), Homokt?vis (Hungarian), Star-Bu or Dhar-Bu (Tibetan), Oblepiha (Russian), Tindved (Danish), Rokitnik (Polish)
Other names: Espino Falso, Oblebicha, Olivella Spinosa, Sallow Thorn, Duindoorn, Seabuckthorn
Parts used: The juice of the berries can be used to make juice but all parts (bark, leaves, fruits, seeds) can be used for the production of pharmaceuticals. Sea buckthorn oil is produced from the fruits and seeds.
Most parts of the tree can be used including the bark, leaves, fruits, and seeds. A wide range of products can be made from the tree including: pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, teas, animal feed, sport and health drinks, food (jams and jellies), beverages, dyes, candy, liqueurs, and in brewing.
A decidious Shrub growing to 6m by 2.5m at a medium rate.It is hardy to zone 3 and is not frost tender. It is in flower in April, and the seeds ripen from September to October. The flowers are dioecious (individual flowers are either male or female, but only one sex is to be found on any one plant so both male and female plants must be grown if seed is required) and are pollinated by Wind. The plant is not self-fertile. It can fix Nitrogen.
The plant prefers light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils and can grow in nutritionally poor soil. The plant prefers acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils. It cannot grow in the shade. It requires dry moist or wet soil and can tolerate drought. The plant can tolerate maritime exposure.
Sea-buckthorn was introduced from Eurasia and is sometimes found naturalized in the wild. This shrub or small tree is drought resistant and well adapted for growth on sandy soil and steep slopes. It also possesses some tolerance to salinity.
In the Far East, Sea Buckthorn has been used as a popular remedy for skin irritation, sunburn, wounds, inflammation, gastric problems, coughs, and mucous membrane disorders.
In the 1940s, Russian scientists began to research the active ingredients of the leaves and berries of Sea Buckthorn. In the many following studies,not only have all the curative properties been confirmed, but it was found that Sea Buckthorn berries are one of the most nutritious foods on earth.Looking at the contents is almost like reading a super food label.Because of its nutritional value, China planted in the beginning of the 1980s 300,000 ha of sea buckthorn. Today it has 150 factories which produce about 200 different sea buckthorn products.
Among its many other benefits, medical researchers found the effect of Sea Buckthorn on the skin, restoration of the mucous system and the digestive system the strongest. The high concentration of some rare fatty acids and cartenoids are thought to be the cause of the healing effect Sea Buckthorn has on such skin problems as burns, dermatitis and eczema.
Hospitals in Russia and China are using it for eczema, bed sores, burns and radiation injuries. Sea Buckthorn was used in Chernobyl after the reactor accident in 1986.
When I was researching herb information for this article, I ran into one which has not much recorded history, although it has been used for a minimum of 1,200 years. As usual, the Greeks were the first ones to note its medical use. They fed the leaves to their horses, whose coats turned very shiny,and the horses gained remarkable weight. This is how Sea Buckthorn got its Latin name. 'Hippo' stands for horse and 'phaos' means to shine.
Site Selection/Spacing/Rooting Depth:
Sea buckthorn does not like dry conditions and grows best in areas receiving 16 to 24 inches (400 to 600 mm) of precipitation. Best growth occurs in deep, well drained, sandy loam soil with high organic matter. Sea buckthorn can be grown in very poor soils including river banks, steep slopes, and acid and alkaline soils. Sea buckthorn is also salt tolerant. Sea buckthorn grows on soils with a pH of 5.5 to 8.3 but does best with soil pH between six and seven. Plants should be spaced three feet (1 m) between plants and 13 feet (4 m) between rows. No information is known about root depth and spread. Sea buckthorn is a nitrogen fixing plant.
Pisha Sandstone Plant:Sea Buckthorn
Various plant grows since ancient years of earth time,different species required different conditions of soil,water and others.Pisha Sandstone was named as "Cancer of the Earth",yet a vivid plant survived and growing vividly on this kind of stone,Sea Buckthorn is just this mysterious plant!Pisha Sandstone is a kind of stone composed of sand granules and spread to high land cold area,where water is hard to find,there is no other plant but Sea Buckthorn can survive on Pisha sandstone.
Sea-buckthorn will reach a height of 2 to 5 metres and has a tendency to sucker if the roots are injured. Male and female flowers are produced on separate plants. Both are required in a stand for fruit production.The branches are grey and spiny with silvery-white leaves. Small yellowish flowers appear in spring before the leaves and attractive yellowish-orange berries follow. The berries remain on the tree through winter.
Sea Buckthorn belong to defoliate shrub or small arbor,height 1~2 meters,thick thorn.flower colored yellow green,dioecism .Sea Buckthron grows out many leaves and branches,systems of roots,growing fast and into small forest in 3~5 years,it really a good source to protect water and soil,its advantage released out expecially at drought barren area,high zoology value than other plants.Sea Buckthorn flower sprout out before leaves and pollination by wind,flowers hard to differentiate male and female,opposite to flowers, fruit of sea buckthorn colors fresh and pretty,red,orange,orange yellow,yellow color normally.
The berries contain 10 different vitamins, 24 trace elements, 18 amino acids, are rich in proteins and many bioactive substances. The vitamin C content is one of the highest, after rosehips, cayenne pepper and red sweet peppers, found on the planet. They are also on the top of the list for vitamin E, beta carotene and flavonoid content.
Sea Buckthorn origins from temperate zone of ancient land as early as 25~40 million years before.In long history of lithosphere flux,pass baptism of ice age, interglacial age,loess process,and rising of Himalayas,its character of its biology and ecologydeveloped and evolve to drought resistant,cold resistant,barren resistant,thus became such a kind of precious plant with strong ecological adaptability,sophisticated metabolism,nutritious and contains large amount of phytochemicals.
Harvesting/Nutritional Value:
The fruit is orange when ripe at the end of August/beginning of September and is very difficult harvest. Although the fruit is ripe, it is not easily removed from the tree. Estimates of 600 hours/acre (1500 hours/hectare) for fruit harvesting can be expected. Mechanical harvesters have been tried with little success. Other techniques of removing the branch from the tree work well but it is still very labour intensive. Work is ongoing to find economical ways to harvest the fruit. Expected yields are around 11 to 15 lb. (5 to 7 kg) per plant or 1.8 to 2.2 tons/acre or (4 to 5 t/ha).
Botanical Description:
Sea buckthorn is a deciduous winter-hardy shrub with yellow to orange 6 to 8 mm small berries, which remain on the shrubs throughout the winter . Sea buckthorn reaches 2 to 5 m in height. The sea buckthorn¡¯s leaves are alternate and narrow are silver-grey colored. The small, yellow flowers appear in spring before leaves. Both male and female sea buckthorn plants are needed for fruit production.
Sea buckthorn is used for land reclamation and to prevent soil erosion because of its extensive root system and its ability to fix nitrogen and other nutrients.
About the name:
Sea Buckthorn is spelled sometime together as Seabuckthorn or SeaBuckthorn. The correct English spelling is Sea Buckthorn. The name might be related to the fact, that in England the spiny shrubs and trees ( it can grow either way, depending of the soil and climate) of Sea Buckthorn used to grow on sand dunes along the sea beaches. Similarly, the German name for Sea Buckthorn - Sanddorn may be translated as sand spine. In recent years, due to the expansion of Sea Buckthorn products into many new markets, the combined spelling: Seabuckthorn or SeaBuckthorn became quite popular as well. It is also worth mentioning that Sea Buckthorn has nothing in common with Buckthorn. These are two different plants from different families.
Sea Buckthorn is called Oblepikha in Russia, Sanddorn in Germany, Argousier in France, Espino Armarillo in Spain, Finbar in Sweden, Tindved in Denmark, Rokitnik in Poland, Yashildoo Chatsargana in Mongolia. Tradition of medicinal use of Sea Buckthorn in Central Asia regions stretching around the Himalayas (Mongolia, Russia, China) most probably has been acquired from Tibetan medicine. Indeed, Sea Buckthorn is a traditional component of Tibetan herbal medicines where it is called Star-Bu or D'har-Bu.
In recent years people have discovered the many potential benefits of antioxidants in the diet, and the pharmaceutical industry has raced to synthesize more and more powerful varieties of them. But in chasing new discoveries we have forgotten a time-honored natural source of antioxidants: Sea-Buckthorn berries.
Cultivation details:
Succeeds in most soils, including poor ones, so long as they are not too dry. Grows well by water and in fairly wet soils. Established plants are very drought resistant. Requires a sunny position, seedlings failing to grow in a shady position and mature shrubs quickly dying if overshadowed by taller plants. Does well in very sandy soils. Very tolerant of maritime exposure. Plants are fairly slow growing. Although usually found near the coast in the wild, they thrive when grown inland and are hardy to about -25. A very ornamental plant, it is occasionally cultivated, especially in N. Europe, for its edible fruit, there are some named varieties. "Leikora" is a free-fruiting form, developed for its ornamental value. Members of this genus are attracting considerable interest from breeding institutes for their nutrient-rich fruits that can promote the general health of the body (see edible and medicinal uses below). This species has a symbiotic relationship with certain soil bacteria, these bacteria form nodules on the roots and fix atmospheric nitrogen. Some of this nitrogen is utilized by the growing plant but some can also be used by other plants growing nearby. Plants produce abundant suckers, especially when grown on sandy soils. Dioecious. Male and female plants must be grown if seed is required. The sexes of plants cannot be distinguished before flowering, but on flowering plants the buds of male plants in winter are conical and conspicuous whilst female buds are smaller and rounded. Plants in this genus are notably resistant to honey fungus.
Propagation:
Seed - sow spring in a sunny position in a cold frame. Germination is usually quick and good although 3 months cold stratification may improve the germination rate. Alternatively the seed can be sown in a cold frame as soon as it is ripe in the autumn. Prick out the seedlings into individual pots when they are large enough to handle and grow on in a greenhouse for their first winter. Plant out in late spring into their permanent positions. Male seedlings, in spring, have very prominent axillary buds whilst females are clear and smooth at this time. Cuttings of half-ripe wood, June/July in a frame. Difficult. This is the easiest method of vegetative propagation. Cuttings of mature wood in autumn. Difficult. The cuttings should be taken at the end of autumn or very early in the spring before the buds burst. Store them in sand and peat until April, cut into 7 - 9cm lengths and plant them in a plastic tent with bottom heat. Rooting should take place within 2 months and they can be put in their permanent positions in the autumn. Division of suckers in the winter. They can be planted out direct into their permanent positions and usually establish well and quickly. Layering in autumn.
Hippophae in China:
Hippophae in China spread wide and including following:Hippophae goniocarpa,Hippophae gyantsensis,Hippophae litangensis,Hippophae neurocarpa;Hippophae neurocarpa subsp. neurocarpa;Hippophae neurocarpa subsp. stellatopilosa;Hippophae rhamnoides;Hippophae rhamnoides subsp. mongolica;Hippophae rhamnoides subsp. sinensis;Hippophae rhamnoides subsp. turkestanica;Hippophae rhamnoides subsp. wolongensis;Hippophae rhamnoides subsp. yunnanensis;Hippophae salicifolia;Hippophae tibetana
Phytochemicals and Properties of Sea-Buckthorn berries:
Phytochemicals: Flavonoids, Carotenoids, Phytosterols
Medicinal properties: Sea buckthorn is most frequently used for the treatment of diseases of skin and digestive tract. The most important properties of sea buckthorn anti-inflammatory, anti-microbiological , pain relief and the promotion of tissue regeneration. Sea buckthorn oil is also used to treat vaginal mucositis, cervical erosion, radiation damage, burn, ulcers, skin damage and mucositis.
Other facts: The berries have very high levels of vitamin A and other carotenoids, vitamin C, vitamin E and flavonoids. The vitamin C level of 3600 ppm is about 10 times higher than that of oranges. The seabuckthorn berries are are also rich in vitamins B1, B2, K and P.
Because of sea buckthorn's thorny nature, it is becoming popular for planting to deter trespassing animals and people.
A German study concentrated on the vitamin Bs in Sea Buckthorn:
Previously, it had been assumed that no plant contains a significant amount of vitamin B12, but this study found that Sea Buckthorn not only contains all the B vitamins, its vitamin B12 content is as high as in liver.
The clinical study shows that a lack of vitamin B12 causes such problems as skin disorders, anemia, digestive disorders, nerve damage and dysfunction of the mucous membranes.
Other researchers found some antibiotic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties in Sea Buckthorn.
Sea Buckthorn is a dioecious hardy plant, which means a male and a female shrub is needed to produce fruits. They thrive in moist soils, but grow also in poor soil, can tolerate cold and extreme conditions. The female plants should be pruned to provide sunlight and make picking the berries easier.
Sea Buckthorn:Phytochemicals and Constituents In Groups
Long years of zoology flux and rigor environmental variations,adversity adaption make the Sea Buckthorn Berry rich in various phytochemicals, and it really contains almost 190 kinds of natural constituents with good vivid activity,the sea buckthorn berry oil contains about 106 kinds of active constituents,which including 6 kinds fat soluble vitamins,22 kinds of fatty acids,42 kinds of lipid,33 kinds of flavonoids and phenols.So many kinds of rich phytochemicals and conposition proved that Sea Buckthorn is a very precious herb medicine material,it not only can be prepared as herb medicines,also easy to make various of functional supplement,and many other necessary products our human needed,the sea buckthorn berry contains many kinds of nutritions,mainly as: flavonoids,lecithin,cephalin,unsaturated fatty acids,amino acid,trace minerals.Many research findings showing that the phytochemicals of sea buckthorn berry could be classified into 11 groups as following:
Flavonoids: Sea Buckthorn Berry contains more than 7 kinds of natural flavonoids,they are Isorhamnetin,Quercetin,Isorhamnetin-3-Beta-D-glucoside;Isorhamnetin-3-Beta-D-glucosaminide;kaempferol,etc.Pharmacological clinical trials proved that flavonoids and phenols of sea buckthorn berry could boost up body tolerance,reduce capillary vessel ermeability (capillary permeability),special effects for Cardiovascular Disease prevention proved,especially release functional improve properties of angina and cardio function,lowering the level of cholesterol and triglycerides,release obvious purifying ability to blood dirty,old blood cells,blood trash,etc.
Triterpenes and Sterols: Sea Buckthorn contains about 26kinds of triterpenes and sterols,including Ursolic Acid,oleanolic acid,Sitosterol,digitalinum verum(digitalin),vitellin,choleterin,24-Ethyl-7Beta-lathosterol;Lupeol,unsaturated aldehydes,alpha-amyrin;beta-amyrin,beta-sterol,etc.These nutritional adjustment functions good to boost tenacity of blood vessels.
Oil and Fatty Acids: Fruit,Seeds,pericarp,stalk hull and leaves of sea buckthorn contains fatty oil,quality and oil ratio varies from different part.Sea Buckthorn contains more than 100 kinds of oil and fatty acids,fatty acids including Lauric acid,myristic acid,palmitic acid,Hexadecenoic acid,Stearic Acid,Oleic Acid,linoleic acid,linolenic acid,etc.
Phenols and Organic Acid: Phenol content in sea buckthorn contains malic acid,citric acid,Succinic acid,beta-Coumarin,over than 14 kinds of phenolic acid,etc.Thus the drink liquid which use sea buckthorn as main material taste light sour.Phenols and Phenolic acid clinical proved effective for treatment of Coronary Atherosclerosis,increase the flexility and plasticity of blood vessels,lower blood pressure,good choice for prevent and treatment of Coronary Atherosclerosis,apoplexy recovery and apoplexy prevention,etc.
Vitamins: Sea Buckthorn rich in Vitamin C,and the concentration ratio of Vitamin C is the best in all fruits and vegetables,also the state of vitamin C in sea buckthorn fruit very stable,vitamin C functions good to boost up the activity of brain nervine cells,increase brian anoxia endurance,kick away pressure fatigue and brings back high efficiency,this is the main reasons energy feelings we got once taken sea buckthorn products.Every 100 grams sea buckthorn berry contains 800~850 mgs Vitamin C,highest record about 2100 mgs,3 or 4 times as the Vitamin C content in Chinese Gooseberry,10 to 15 times as Vitamin V in orange,20 times as Vitamin C of hawthorn,200 times as Vitamin C of grape;Except Vitamin C,sea buckthorn fruit contains Vitamin E,Beta-Carotine,and Vitamin B complex,etc.Vitamin E ratio about 15~220 mgs every 100 grams of sea buckthorn berry,Beta-Carotine ratio about 500~800 or even as high as 1400 mgs every 100 grams,20 to 30 times as beta-carotine content in bean oil,other vitamins Vitamin B1,Vitamin B2,Vitamin B12,Vitamin K,Vitamin D and VBC,VPP identified,thus make sea buckthorn a botanical source for Vitamins.So less taken other fresh fruit and vegetables if taken liquid of drinks of sea buckthorn.This is a good choice for people go evection oftenly and irregular eat habits.Vitamin E contains in sea buckthorn fruit very important to people.Its main physicological and pharmacological functions is:protection effects on membrane,protect damage from free radicals and lipid peroxide,boost immumne functions,lower cholesterol,treatment for atherosclerosis,prevent unsaturated fatty acid peroxide,lowering blood cholesterols,prompt hyperplasia of capillary vessels,improve micro-circulations,thus prevent atherosclerosis and other cardio cerebrovascular disease,it specially plays an important actions to normal functions of bone,cardiac muscle,smooth muscle and surrounding blood vessels,an important constituents to keep softness,elasticity of blood vessels and keep the blood liquidity.
Volatile Oils: Until today,more than 200 kinds of volatile oil constituents identified,Hydroxycoumarin in this volatile oil can lowering coagulation of blood,prevent the formation of blood clot,thus it can be applied to prevent formation of thrombosis and thrombophlebitis;triterpene and Trierpene Alcohol stimulate activity of heart,sterols functions connect and bundle cholesterol with food,thus prevent the happending of atherosclerosis.
Proteins and Amino Acids: Sea Buckthorn fruit,fruit liquid and seed kerbels all contains and rich in protein,fruit and fruit liquid contains almost all kinds of amino acids,these covered 8 necessary amino acid which can not process synthesis in body.amino acids join the nerve systems composition,adjust the balance between exciting prcedure and restrain procedure of nerve centre,brings better sleeping,nurish blood,tonifying blood and boost blood circulations.
Phospholipid: Phospholipid(including lecithin,cephalin,phosphatidyl inositol,phosphatidyl glycerol) content ratio shares about 0.5% weight base of sea buckthorn fruit,it functions drive away lipids and prevent ulcer,applicable for treatment of atherosclerosis.
Trace Minerals: Minerals functions important for our human physiologically and pathologically.Sea Buckthorn contains 11 kinds of the 14 kinds of important trace minerals which our people knows until now,especially rich in iron,Selenium(Se),zinc,Potassium(K),sodium,calcium,magnesium,copper,manganese,this composition satisfying requirement of our body.
5-HT(5-hydroxytryptamine): Stem hull and fruit berry of sea buckthorn contains important phytochemical 5-HT(5-hydroxytryptamine),this is peculiar in plant kingdom,as a kind of neurotransimitters,5-HT plays important adjustmental functions on feeling conditions,blood pressure,animal heat,inner environment and hormone,boost and speed Human Fibrinogen converting to Fibrin,help for blood concreting.
Saccharide: Sea Buckthorn contains about 5%~10.5% saccharide,it majorly composed of glucose and fructose.Many effects and good functions make sea buckthorn good fame,it is called "Nation Precious" in China, and "The Second Ginseng" in Russia,people from other areas understand it as "Occult Berry".
Nutritional Values of Sea-Buckthorn berries:
The relatively recent interest in sea buckthorn production is due to the fact that the berries are among the most nutritious and vitamin-rich fruits found. The berry can contain up to ten different vitamins as well as trace elements, fruit acid, sugar and oil. Sea buckthorn is rich in proteins, and contains up to 18 amino acids. There are over 24 chemical elements present in the juice, including calcium, iron, and manganese.
Vitamin C concentrations in the berry pulp vary from 100 milligrams (mg)/100 g of berries, to 2500 mg/100 g of berries for the Chinese subspecies sinensis. Comparatively, orange juice contains about 35-40 mg/100 g of fruit. The carotene content ranges from 30 to 40 mg/100 g of berries and the carotenoid levels range from 9 to 35 mg/100 g of berries. Sea buckthorn is also high in flavonoids, in the range of 120-2100 mg/100 g of berries, and contains significant levels of water soluble vitamins.
Oil from the pulp is highly unsaturated having 62-63% of its fatty acid composition represented by palmitaleic, oleic, and lineolic acids. Pulp oil contains vitamin E concentrations which can be up to 160 mg/100 g of berries.
Sea buckthorn seed oil is very high in unsaturated fat. Up to 73% of the seed oil is comprised of linoleic or linolenic acids and up to an additional 19% is oleic acid. The vitamin E content of the seed oil ranges between 61-113 mg/100 g of seed and contains significant levels of carotenoids.
Yellow pigment, a byproduct from the sea buckthorn berries can be extracted from the residue once the juice has been removed. The pigment, water absorbent, can be extracted and concentrated by spray-drying to yield a yellow powder. The powder contains mainly flavones and lower levels of carotene and vitamin E. This product can be used as a natural food colouring material and/or as a supplement to boost nutritional values.
Phytochemicals of Sea-Buckthorn berries:
typical amounts per 100 g of fresh berries (Table 2)
* vitamin E (up to 180 mg)
* vitamin C (50-900 mg)
* vitamin A (up to 60 mcg)
* carotenoids: beta-carotene, gamma-carotene, lycopene (total 60-180 mg)
* vitamin B1 (up to 35 mcg)
* vitamin B2 (up to 55 mcg)
* folate (up to 80 mcg )
* fruit acids: chiefly malic acid, also acetic acid and quinic acid
* flavonoids: in particular kaempferol, isorhamnetin as well as quercetin tri- and tetra-glycosides
* carbohydrates (up to 3.6g)
* essential minerals: K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Cr and Se
* amino-acids (proteins)
* unsaturated and saturated fatty-acids (in the seeds 12%; in the pulp 9% of total): oleic, isolinoic, linoleic and stearic acids
Aside from erosion control, the plant is primarily valued for its golden-orange fruits, which provide vitamin C, vitamin E, and other nutrients, flavonoids, oils rich in essential fatty acids, and other healthful components. The leaves are now also being used for making a beverage tea; they additional contain triterpenes. The following constituents are among those that have been found in the fruits:
Constituents of Sea Buckthorn Fruit (per 100 grams fresh berries)
Vitamin C
200-1,500 mg (typical amount: 600 mg)
Vitamin E (mixed tocopherols)
Up to 180 mg (equal to about 270 IU)
Folic acid
Up to 80 mcg
Carotenoids, including beta carotene, lycopene, zeaxanthine; these contribute the yellow-orange-red colors of the fruit
30-40 mg
Fatty acids (oils); the main unsaturated fatty acids are oleic acid (omega-9), palmitoleic acid (omega-7), palmitic acid and linoleic acid (omega-6), and linolenic acid (omega-3); there are also saturated oils and sterols (mainly β-sitosterol)
6-11% (3-5% in fruit pulp, 8-18% in seed); fatty acid composition and total oil content vary with subspecies
Organic acids other than ascorbic (e.g., quinic acid, malic acid; ingredients similar to those found in cranberries)
Quantity not determined; expressed juice has pH of 2.7-3.3
Flavonoids (e.g., mainly isorhamnetin, quercetin glycosides, and kaempferol; these are the same flavonoids as found in Ginkgo biloba.
100-1,000 mg (0.1% to 1.0%)
The flavonoids of sea buckthorn (mainly from fruit pulp; also in the leaves) and the oils of sea buckthorn (primarily in the seeds, but also in the fleshy part of the fruit) are the two items specially extracted for medicinal use. Thus, for example, a flavonoid extract product is commonly produced that contains 80% flavonoids, with 20% of residual oils, vitamin C, and other components. Sometimes the flavonoid extract is combined with an oil extract; for example, a flavonoid-oil capsule (made from flavonoid extract and oil extract blended together in a soft gelatin capsule) is produced for use in treating cardiovascular disease.
In the oil fraction, the unsaturated fatty acids are of greatest interest; extracted oils have less of the flavonoids and almost none of the vitamin C of the fruit. The oil components from several samples have been analyzed as follows:
Main Constituents of Sea Buckthorn Oils from Seed, Fruit Pulp (juice), and Fruit Residue After Removing Juice. Figures are in milligrams per 100 grams or in percent (as indicated for breakdown of fatty acid composition).
Ingredient
Seed Oil
Pulp Oil
Fruit Residue Oil
Vitamin E
207
171
300-600
Vitamin K
110-230
54-59
-
Carotenoids
30-250
300-870
1280-1860
Total acids
11
38
-
Total flavonoids
-
-
550
Total sterols
1094
721
-
Oil Profile
Unsaturated fatty acids
87%
67%
70%
Saturated fatty acids
13%
33%
30%
What is the secret of Sea-Buckthorn berries?
Sea-Buckthorn berries have a unique composition, combining a cocktail of components usually only found separately. The content of vitamin C, vitamin E and carotenoids reads like the label on a pack of multi-vitamin pills. The vitamin C content is among the highest for any plant (4th after rose-hips, hot chili pepper and sweet red pepper), while for vitamin E it takes 2- nd place around the other "champions" are all nuts and seeds with a high fat content. Sea-Buckthorn berries also have a high content of b-carotene (see Tables 1 and 2). The beta-carotene content is what gives the berries their colour, which can vary from yellow to red depending on the variety. All of these components are classified as natural anti-oxidants, which form a vital part of the body's defense system.
CONTENT OF VITAMINS C, E and b-carotene per 100 g (Table 1)
Despite the wide area where Sea-Buckthorn grows, few people in Europe or America make use of its medicinal properties. But in some countries like Tibet, China, Russia and Ukraine, Sea-Buckthorn oil is a popular home-made ointment for minor cuts, sunburn, and skin irritation; and its curative properties have been confirmed by scientific research. If you are able to harvest some Sea-Buckthorn berries, you can try preparing the oil yourself. (see left green box)
Edible Uses:Edible Parts: Fruit.
Fruit - raw or cooked. Very rich in vitamin C (120mg per 100g)] and vitamin A, they are too acid when raw for most peoples tastes, though most children seem to relish them[K]. Used for making fruit juice, it is high in vitamins and has an attractive aroma. It is being increasingly used in making fruit juices, especially when mixed with other fruits, because of its reputed health benefits. The fruits of some species and cultivars (not specified) contain up to 9.2% oil. The fruit is very freely borne along the stems[K] and is about 6 - 8mm in diameter. The fruit becomes less acid after a frost or if cooked. The fruit is ripe from late September and usually hangs on the plants all winter if not eaten by the birds. It is best used before any frosts since the taste and quality of frosted berries quickly deteriorates.
Why do we need anti-oxidants?
Smoking, drinking alcohol, exposure to environmental pollutants, and also exposure to ultraviolet light or nuclear radiation can all trigger the production of "free radicals" on the skin's surface, or inside the body. Free radicals are very simple compounds of oxygen, in which the innocent molecule has acquired an extra electron. Free radicals are very reactive particles and they aggressively attack all the surrounding molecules within the cell. The attacked molecules are oxidized, becoming structurally damaged and even making them toxic for the body. Vitamins with antioxidant properties form a natural line of defense against free radicals; they "catch" free radicals and neutralize them. These anti-oxidant vitamins, all present in Sea-Buckthorn oil, are vitamin A (derived from -carotene), vitamin C (ascorbic acid) and vitamin E (-tocopherol).
Indication and Action:
It promotes blood circulation by removing blood stasis, kills pain and bacteria, eliminates inflammation, prevents arteriosclerosis, softens blood vessel, protects the heart, enhances immunization system, and prevents cancer and aging. It also treats gastrointestinal disease, effects of radiation and cervical erosion etc.
Relieving inflammation ; improve cholesterol profit and heart conditions; anti-oxidation and balancing immune system
Pharmacological Action:
A) It promotes the formation of antibody and delays the aging process.
B) It eliminates inflammation and swelling, promotes regeneration of tissue, and ulcer healing.
Medicinal and Cosmetic Values of Sea Buckthorn:
Traditional Uses: Anti-wrinkle, skin softening, wound-healing, natural colorant, used as an additive to other carriers.
Branches,leaves and Oil Uses: The twigs and leaves contain 4 - 5% tannin. They are astringent and vermifuge. The tender branches and leaves contain bio-active substances which are used to produce an oil that is quite distinct from the oil produced from the fruit. Yields of around 3% of oil are obtained. This oil is used as an ointment for treating burns. A high-quality medicinal oil is made from the fruit and used in the treatment of cardiac disorders, it is also said to be particularly effective when applied to the skin to heal burns, eczema and radiation injury, and is taken internally in the treatment of stomach and intestinal diseases.
Concentrations of a rare fatty acid (palmitoleic) and carotenoid levels found in sea buckthorn oils are claimed to promote healing of skin burns and the relief of other skin ailments such as eczema and dermatitis. The most significant potential healthful benefit is the high content of the tocopherol (vitamin E) component within the seed oil. Tocopherol is recognized as the natural antioxidant in the human body. It is believed that high levels of tocopherol minimize skin oxidation, which helps to maintain skin integrity and reduce skin toughening and wrinkling.
Sea-buckthorn oils are also believed to have a biological protective capacity. The tocopherols and carotenoids can trap and reduce the formation of UV-B induced toxic products in skin cells. Due to these UV-B absorptive properties, sea buckthorn oils may be used by industry as a natural sun screen.
Research has indicated that extracts isolated from the bark of sea buckthorn may inhibit tumour growth and there are reports that it has successfully treated gingivitis.
The leaves of the sea buckthorn plant also contain many nutrients and bioactive substances. Leaves harvested from the male plant can be used to produce tea, tea extracts, tea powder and animal feed.
Plant based polyunsaturated (essential) fatty acids: Sea buckthorn is an excellent source of plant based polyunsaturated (essential) fatty acids for maintaining good health and, normal growth and development. It¡¯s seed oil naturally provides a 1:1 ratio of omega-3 to omega-6. Sea buckthorn contains more linolenic acid per equal serving size than any other oil. Sea buckthorn is also an excellent source of oleic acid, an essential fatty acid known to help reduce blood cholesterol levels.
Fruit Uses: The fruit is astringent and used as a tonic. The freshly-pressed juice is used in the treatment of colds, febrile conditions, exhaustion etc. The fruit is a very rich source of vitamins and minerals, especially in vitamins A, C and E, flavanoids and other bio-active compounds. It is also a fairly good source of essential fatty acids, which is fairly unusual for a fruit. It is being investigated as a food that is capable of reducing the incidence of cancer and also as a means of halting or reversing the growth of cancers. The juice is also a component of many vitamin-rich medicaments and cosmetic preparations such as face-creams and toothpastes. A decoction of the fruit has been used as a wash to treat skin irritation and eruptions.
The berries appear to be an unsurpassed natural source of vitamins A and E, carotenes and flavonoids and are second only to Rose hips vitamin C content. They are also rich in several other vitamins as well as in more than two dozens of microelements. 27 different minerals
Nutrition Uses: According to Russian and Chinese scientists, sea buckthorn contains 190 bio-active components. The oil is the best single source known to man for Vitamin E, Vitamin C, Beta-carotene, unsaturated fatty acids, essential amino acids and flavonoids.Vitamin C,Vitamin E,Beta-carotene,Other vitamins,Omega-3 essential fatty acids,Omega-6 essential fatty acids,Omega-9 essential fatty acids,Flavonoids;Trace minerals, 11 out of 14 essential trace minerals including calcium, iron, manganese, boron, calcium, silicon and others Amino acids (18 amino acids have been found in sea buckthorn fruit),Other bio-active compounds identified in this berry and oil.
Antioxidant: Sea buckthorn has been shown to have a potent antioxidant activity, mainly attributed to its flavonoids and vitamin C content. Both the flavonoids and the oils from sea buckthorn have several potential applications. There are five areas of research that have been focal points for their use: as an aid to patients undergoing cancer therapy; a long-term therapy for reduction of cardiovascular risk factors; treatment of gastrointestinal ulcers; internal and topical therapy for a variety of skin disorders; and as a liver protective agent (for chemical toxins) and a remedy for liver cirrhosis.
Anti-Radiation: Sea Buckthorn berry functions good for radiation treatment.
Cancer therapy: Most of the work done in this area has been with laboratory animals. A group in India headed by HC Goel (at the Department of Radiation Biology, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, in Delhi) has published several reports on the potential of a hippophae extract (an alcohol extract, which would mainly contain the flavonoids) to protect the bone marrow from damage due to radiation; his group also showed that the extract may help faster recovery of bone marrow cells. In China, a study was done to demonstrate faster recovery of the hemopoietic system after high dose chemotherapy (with 5-FU) in mice fed the sea buckthorn oil. The seed oil has been found to enhance non-specific immunity and to provide anti-tumor effects in preliminary laboratory studies.
Cardiac disorders: Sea Buckthorn oil helps in the treatment of cardiac disorders.A high-quality medical oil is made from the fruit of sea buckthorn and used in the treatment of cardiac disorders.
Cardiovascular diseases: In a double-blind clinical trial conducted in China (7), 128 patients with ischemic heart disease were given total flavonoids of sea buckthorn at 10 mg each time, three times daily, for 6 weeks. The patients had a decrease in cholesterol level and improved cardiac function; also they had less angina than those receiving the control drug. No harmful effect of sea buckthorn flavonoids was noted in renal functions or hepatic functions. The mechanism of action may include reduced stress of cardiac muscle tissue by regulation of inflammatory mediators. In a laboratory animal study, the flavonoids of sea buckthorn were shown to reduce the production of pathogenic thromboses. Some simple formulas based on sea buckthorn have been developed recently for treating cardiac disorders. For example, there is a liquid preparation of sea buckthorn flavonoids with carthamus (safflower) and licorice, called Ai Xin Bao (from the Shanxi Ai Xin Biological Technology Development Center), which is intended for use in treatment of coronary heart disease and sequelae of heart attack and stroke, through improving blood circulation and restoring cardiac function.
Circulatory system: Sea Buckthorn provides nutritional support for circulatory system.Traditionally used to stimulate digestion, sea buckthorn provides nutritional support for the circulatory system over longer use, due to the presence of sea buckthorn flavonoids. The berries have proven to be among the most nutritious fruits known.
Colds and exhaustion: Sea Buckthorn berry helps in the treatment of colds and exhaustion.Sea buckthorn is being increasingly used in making fruit juices, especially when mixed with other fruits, because of its reputed health benefits. The freshly pressed juice is used in the treatment of colds and exhaustion. Russian cosmonauts have used its oil for protection against radiation burns in space.
Digestive: anti-nausea for Chemotherapy, aids duodenal & peptic ulcers, tinnitis, cervical lesions and antioxidant for liver afflictions
Gastric ulcers: Hippophae is traditionally used in the treatment of gastric ulcers, and laboratory studies confirm the efficacy of the seed oil for this application. Its functions may be to normalize output of gastric acid and reduce inflammation by controlling pro-inflammatory mediators.
Genito-Urinary/Reproductive: urine flow; aids detoxification; genital herpes.
Nervous/Emotion/Mind: anxiety, stress and related illnesses, aids zona (shingles)(MDR)neuro-muscular problems; insomnia; aids nervous fatigue, relieves physical and mental depression, especially severely depressed; aids with realizing one's potentials, increasing desire for changes; anguish, fear.
Liver cirrhosis: A clinical trial demonstrated that sea buckthorn extracts helped normalize liver enzymes, serum bile acids, and immune system markers involved in liver inflammation and degeneration. In addition, sea buckthorn oil protects the liver from damaging effects of toxic chemicals, as revealed in laboratory studies.
Skin:Oil An ingredient of the oil, palmitoleic acid, is a component of skin. It is considered a valuable topical agent in treating burns and healing wounds. This fatty acid can also nourish the skin when taken orally if adequate quantities of sea buckthorn or its oil are consumed; this is a useful method for treating systemic skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis. The only other major plant source of palmitoleic acid is macadamia nuts; the oil is used to nourish the skin. Sea buckthorn oil is already widely used alone or in various preparations topically applied for burns, scalds, ulcerations, and infections. It is an ingredient in sunblock-hippophae oil has UV-blocking activity as well as emollient properties-and it is an aid in promoting regeneration of tissues. The fruit may also be used for benefiting the hair: the name hippophae, means shiny horse, and refers to the good coat developed by horses feeding off the plant.
Skin:Fruit Sea Buckthorn aids in tissue regeneration, helps heal radiation burns, photo protection (absorbs UV rays), wound-healing, anti wrinkle, burns, skin ulcers, acne, dermatitis. Improves skin metabolism and retards skin maturation.
Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae Rhamnoides) was known for centuries as a skin care remedy and cosmetic aid with nourishing revitalizing, and restorative action. It has been traditionally utilized by Eastern and more recently by Western medicine. Sea Buckthorn oil is used to promote the healing of skin injuries, such as burns, sunburns, wounds, eczema and help improve conditions of mucous membranes, including ulcers, lesions, erosions. Due to the richness in nutrients required for the metabolism of healthy skin, Sea Buckthorn oil helps combats wrinkles, dryness and other symptoms of malnourished or prematurely aging skin. It is also taken to improve the conditions of the mucous membranes of gastro-intestinal tract and as a natural dietary supplement.
Stomach and intestinal disorders: Sea Buckthorn helps in the treatment of stomach and intestinal disorders.Sea Buckthorn helps brings good appetite and strong stomach,effective for treatment of digestive system disease.
Trauma: Sea Buckthorn oil can be applied to trauma treatment,such as burn,scald,cut,abrade and frostbite,etc,good to boost tissue rebirth and epidermis tissue heal up.
Treatment of Tracheitis: Sea Buckthorn functions dispel phlegm,stop cough,smooth asthma,applicable for treatment of Acute Attack of Chronic Bronchitis,cough and asthma,diseases of respiratory system.
Benefit Horse: Even though the history of sea buckthorn and its great medicinal and nutritional value can be traced back many centuries in Europe and Asia, it has only recently come to the attention of North Americans. The plant was fed to horses in ancient Greece, where it was found to improve their health and impart a gloss to their coat. The latter property explains the Latin name of this unique plant: Hippophae Rhamnoides:"shiny horse".
Very tolerant of maritime exposure, it can be used as a shelter hedge. It dislikes much trimming. A very thorny plant, it quickly makes an impenetrable barrier.
Sea buckthorn has an extensive root system and suckers vigorously and so has been used in soil conservation schemes, especially on sandy soils. The fibrous and suckering root system acts to bind the sand.
Because the plant grows quickly, even in very exposed conditions, and also adds nitrogen to the soil, it can be used as a pioneer species to help the re-establishment of woodland in difficult areas. Because the plant is very light-demanding it will eventually be out-competed by the woodland trees and so will not out-stay its welcome[K].
Other Uses of Sea Buckthorn: Charcoal; Cosmetic; Dye; Fuel; Oil; Pioneer; Soil stabilization; Wood.
Sea-Buckthorn oil: Nature's anti-oxidant cocktail
1. Sea Buckthorn - historical background:
The berries of Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae Rhamnoides) are so rich in vitamins and nutrients that it has been even speculated that the plant must have been cultivated by some ancient plant-breeder. Legends about Sea Buckthorn tell us how the ancient Greeks used it in a diet for race horses, hence it's botanical name "Hippophae" - shiny horse. According to another legend, Sea Buckthorn leaves were the preferable food of flying horse - Pegasus. One of the most striking legends refers to the custom in some ancient kingdoms to execute convicts by dropping them into barrel of boiling oil. The legend tells that if the oil in the barrel was substituted by the Sea Buckthorn oil, the convict had a chance to survive. That last property of Sea Buckthorn has not been recently tested, but clinical trials and scientific studies conducted during the 20th century in several countries confirm medicinal and nutritional value of Sea Buckthorn.
The references to medicinal use of Sea Buckthorn were found in the Ancient Greek texts attributed to Theophrastus and Dioskorid and in classic Tibetan medicinal texts, including "the RGyud Bzi" (The Four Books of Pharmacopoeia) dated to the times of Tang Dynasty (618-907 AD). Herbal remedies made of Sea Buckthorn are most frequently used for the treatment of diseases of skin and digestive system. Traditional use of Sea Buckthorn oil to promote the recuperation of skin injuries and support the healing of skin diseases well agrees with the data of modern clinical studies. Medicinal value of Sea Buckthorn oil is associated with its apparent ability to promote the regeneration of the skin and mucous membranes. Sea Buckthorn oil is widely used to promote the recovery of various skin conditions, including eczema, burns, bad healing wounds, skin damaging effects of sun, therapeutic radiation treatment and cosmetic laser surgery. The preparations from the berries are also utilized to prevent gum bleeding, to help recuperate mucous membranes of the stomach and other organs. Cosmetics and skin care products made of Sea Buckthorn are valued for their rejuvenating, restorative and anti-aging action.
Sea Buckthorn is a traditional medicinal plant in many European and Asian countries. It's popularity in America is somewhat delayed, due to the fact that Sea Buckthorn is not native to this continent. Interestingly enough, many medicinal plants were brought over the centuries to the New World by the immigrants. Similarly, Sea Buckthorn was, apparently, taken to America by Russian immigrants at the beginning of 20th century.
2. Sea Buckthorn biology and chemistry:
Studies conducted in 20th century confirm numerous beneficial characteristics of Sea Buckthorn. The berries appear to be an unsurpassed natural source of vitamins A and several other carotenes, vitamin E and several other tocopherols, flavonoids. Sea Buckthorn berries are second only to Rose hips and Acerola in vitamin C content. They are also rich in several other vitamins, including B1, B2, K and P as well as in numerous microelements. Furthermore, the berries have remarkably high content of essential fatty acids and phytosterols.
Biological studies suggest that the restorative action of the Sea Buckthorn oil may be in part due to its high content of essential fatty acids, carotenes, tocopherols and phytosterols, which are all important for the maintenance of a healthy skin. The EFA content in the Sea Buckthorn oil extract is 80 - 95%. Major EFAs are oleic (C18:1) and linoleic(C18:2). Others are pentadecenoic (C15:1), palmitoleic (C16:1), heptadecenoic (C17:1), linolenic (C18:3), eicosenoic (C20:1), eicosadienoic (C20:2), erucic (C22:1) and nervonic (C24:1). Among the carotenes found in Sea Buckthorn are alfa- and beta-carotenes, lycopene, cryptoxanthin, zeaxanthin, taraxanthin and phytofluin. Tocopherols are mostly represented by vitamin E and gamma-tocopherol. Phytosterols of Sea Buckthorn include beta-sitosterol, beta-amirol and erithrodiol.
Sea Buckthorn Berry and CO2 Extraction:
Hippophae rhamnoides Lithuania, Berries, Wild Crafted, CO2 Extraction Total extracted from pulp, not from the kernel.
Contains: 30% palmitoleic acid, carotinoids (including a high level of beta-carotine), tocopherols, alcohols, (vitamins A, C and E). 1900 IU of Provitamine A per gram of extract.
Sea Buckthorn Berry has been used by herbalists for millenia. This extraction has only recently become available and seems to be taking the natural skincare industry by storm. Many of the wellknown "Natural Cosmetics" companies include Sea Buckthorn Berry in their skincare products, as a search of the web will quickly show you.
Bio-active substances in the oil from the seed and pulp are used in a variety of dermatological applications, among them anti-aging face creams and lotions and (since the extract seems to aborb UV rays) in sun care products.
Research indicates that products containing Sea Buckthorn Berry appear to promote cell tissue regeneration, thus aiding in the healing of wounds, and restoring skin tissue.
An international natural bath and beauty chain adds the plant's oil to its sunscreen products as both a sun-block and tan-enhancer. European cosmeticians sell anti-wrinkle creams made from Sea Buckthorn. (Please note, because of Sea Buckthorn's high level of betacarotene, the oil is a deep reddish orange and unless used in extremely weak dilutions can colour your skin. If you want a "bronzing oil" this is your choice!)
Clinical experiments in Shantow Tropical Disease Hospital and the Shanxi Pharmaceutical Research Institute indicate cosmetics containing Sea Buckthorn extracts can actually improve metabolism and retard skin maturation, thus slowing the aging process, possibly because of the effects of its high levels of Vitamins A and E.
Sea Buckthorn oil is said to have proven effective in the treatment of skin conditions including burns, skin ulcers, cancer, acne and dermatitis of various forms.
Russian cosmonauts use its oil for protection against radiation burns in space.
Current research indicates that not only does it enhance immune activity and disease resistance, but it also destroys harmful free radicals found in our bodies. Aubrey Organics, on their web page, state that Sea Buckthorn's high levels of Vitamin A and Vitamin E are the perfect free radical scavenger for your skin.
I have read, but can not verify, that haircare products made with Sea Buckthorn had the effect of retarding baldness and improving hair growth.
In my opinion a 1% dilution in the carrier oil of your choice should be sufficient to give your skin the beneficial effects. I personally experimented with a 10% dilution on one side of my face every night, while using Rose Hip Seed oil on the other side. I found that strong a dilution unnecessary; ended up going with 1% rose hip CO2 and 1% Sea buckthorn Berry CO2. The carrier oil of choice varies monthly. (Even with only a total of 2% of these deeply colored extracts really left my face looking "bronzed" but the effect faded within a few minutes.)
Much of the Sea Buckthorn Berry extract on the market today is from China. The Chinese extractions are lower priced, but are extracted from the kernel, not the pulp of the berry. These extractions have significantly lower levels of the tocopherols, and practically no Vitamin C. They are so low in Vitamin E that the producer is adding Rosemary Extract in an attempt to preserve them. The high level of natural Vitamin E in this extract should give it a shelf life of several years. In fact, the producer's own information gives a shelf life of 5 years.
The seeds contain 12 - 13% of a slow-drying oil.
The vitamin-rich fruit juice is used cosmetically in face-masks etc.
A yellow dye is obtained from the fruit. A yellow dye is obtained from the stems, root and foliage.
A blackish-brown dye is obtained from the young leaves and shoots.
Wood - tough, hard, very durable, fine-grained. Used for fine carpentry, turning etc. The wood is also used for fuel and charcoal.
Typical composition of the Sea Buckthorn Fruit Extract:
Nomenclature Content, % wt.
Hydrocarbons, Aliphatic alcohols, wax 3.0
Free fatty acids 22.0
Lipids 68.0
Triterpenols and their ethers 6.0
Tocopherols (Vitamin E) 0.3*
Carotenoides (Pro-vitamin A) 0.4
Sea Buckthorn:Included in to the free fatty acids are the following bio-active acids:
Myristic acid (C13H27COOH) - 0.35 %
Palmitic acid (C15H31COOH) - 29.0 %
Palmitoleic acid (C15H29COOH) - 31.0 %
Stearic acid (C17H35COOH) - 1.50 %
Oleic acid (C17H33COOH) - 13.0 %
Linoleic acid (C17H31COOH) - 15.0 %
Linolenic acid (C17H29COOH) - 6.00 %
Behenic acid (C20H41COOH) - 0.50 %
Lauric acid (C22H45COOH) - 1.50 %
Ursolic and oleanolic acids (4:1 ratio) - less than 1%
As can be seen from the data above, the extract derived from the Sea Buckthorn berry is enriched with numerous vitamins, pro-vitamins, antioxidants and skin emollients resulting in a unique naturally occurring reservoir of user friendly nutrients. Thus, extract of Sea Buckthorn is a natural bactericide, anti-oxidant and analgesic and can be used in topical applications to improve cell metabolism of subcutaneous tissue and as a free radical scavenger to delay dermal aging.
The activity of Sea Buckthorn extract can be explained by the high 30% content of palmitoleic acid in the fat of the pulp. This fatty acid, which is very rare in the plant world, is a component of skin fat and thus can support the formation of cell tissue and wound healing. On the other hand, the kernel fat is composed of 30% of linolenic acid. These unsaturated fatty acids are physiologically active and are already recognized for the treatment of atopical eczema.
Sea Buckthorn extract used in our line is produced by a cold-press method from both the whole berry which makes it the most valuable for cosmetic purposes.
History and Legends of Sea Buckthorn:
The berries and their usage were also mentioned in China, 1,200 years ago, and in Tibetan medical texts around 1,000 years ago. From there, Sea Buckthorn spread over Russia and the Ukraine into Europe, finally reaching the British Isles.
Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.), a plant native to Europe and Asia. Sea buckthorn has been known and used by Eurasians for centuries. It was first mentioned in the ancient Greek writings where horses fed with the leaves and young branches of the sea buckthorn plant experienced increased weight gain and developed a shiny coat. This provided the basis for the Latin name, 'Hippo' - horse and 'phaos' - to shine. The medicinal value of sea buckthorn was also recorded in Tibetan medical records in the eighth century.
In Russia, the sea buckthorn industry has been thriving since the 1940s, when scientists began to investigate the active properties found in the fruit and leaves. In China, research and plantation establishments were initiated in the 1980s and since 1982 over 300,000 ha of sea buckthorn have been planted. This has created 150 processing factories, producing over 200 products.
Hippophae rhamnoides L. or The tree make horses glittering!
Sea buckthorn was already known in Ancient Greek times. It is also called "Sallow Thorn", presumably from the berries which can stain the skin yellow (they have been used to make pigments and dyes). Sea-Buckthorn's Latin name is Hippophae rhamnoides L., translated to mean "giving light to a horse" (hippos - horse, phaos - light); refer- , to its reputed power of curing blindness in horses (- well, who am I to argue). It is native to Europe and some northern regions of Asia, but is cultivated elsewhere too.
In ancient Greece,greeks war and riding horses,horse is a kind of important and speedy vehicle for the greeks,thus brings Greeks a peculiar feelings to horses,they never kill any horses,and always free the wounded horses and the horses old weaks to the wild,emerge and perish themselves.
Once the Greeks free about 60 horses to the field,several months later these sick horses come back and appears very strong,and the horse hair glittering,thus arose the curiosity of the Greeks.Later they know the horses came to a shrub of sea buckthorn,chew the leaves when hungry and chew the fruit berry when thirsty,horses depend on sea buckthorns.Thus the wise greeks knows the curative property of sea buckthorn.Ever since then,Greeks applied this fruit berry as medicine to stop pain,treat stomach and scurvy.So a glorious name was given to this amazing plant:Hippophae rhamnoides L. which means "the tree make horses glittering!"
Sea Buckthorn Berry and Genghis Khan slaughterer:
Ancient slaughterer header Mr.Genghis Khan ever led his cavalry troops sweep anything away from far east asia to central europe,to imporve the anabasis strength of his troops,they left some weak and old horses to sea buckthorn shrubs along side their ways,one day they came back victory and pass that shrub,it is amazing that the horses outcasted never died but all recover and got back their invincible might daya before,and the horses howling and whinying once caught sight their old master soldiers.The Robbers never got to know this small fruit sea buckthorn berry owns such mysterious properties,so report to their slaughterer header Mr.Genghis Khan this findings soon,and Mr.Genghis Khan slaughterer sent out command that all slaughterer soldiers picked up this sea buckthorn berry soon and took it as daily fruit.Good result comes and the slaughterer soldiers taken sea buckthorn berry got better physical strength and energy,stronger killing power to fight with their enemies.Later,imperial herbalists of Mongolia find ways to make recipes for their headers to strong body and prevent disease with this amazing fruit sea buckthorn berry.Mr.Genghis Khan fighting all years and strong his body with sea buckthorn berry daily after that. His grandson Hu Bi Lie Khan still ability to ride horses and toxophily even at 80 years old,this has relationships with taking sea buckthorn berry long years.
Sea Buckthorn Berry Settle problems for Army:
About 50 years ago,liberation army came into the Tibetan area to liberate local suffering people,yet serious altiplano reflection and vitamiuns deficiency threaten the health of the army people,just before the crisis came, local tibetan tribe pilot took them a kind of wild berry colored orange,named "Da Ri Bu",army doctor suggest sick soldiers taken this kind of wild berry,several days later,.sickness smoothed rapidly.Later,people know what called "Da Ri Bu",this orange wild berry is Sea Buckthorn Berry.
The Secret of Beauty come back: Brown Chicken(Crossoptilon mantchuricum)
There is a kind of wild protective bird named Crossoptilon mantchuricum on Inner Mengolia area,it has pretty feathers with interphase colors blue and brown,nice gesture,yet during the feeding period,trail feather come off and feather color come to obscuration.This problem no settled long days until several years before,after careful inspection of bird researchers,wild Crossoptilon mantchuricum located sea buckthorn shrubs as their important habitat,and they got such beautiful feathers for long years taken the leaves and fruit berries of sea buckthorn.Thus feeders gave the Crossoptilon mantchuricum some sea buckthorn berry residues and leaves,several months later,this precious shrub bird called back their beauty and smartened up.
Sea Buckthorn and Cosmonaut:
Soviet Russia cosmonaut Gagarin ever taken large dose of sea buckthon oil before his first spacewalk,in case to avoid any possible hurt from radiationastro-radial and temperature fusion,weightlessness,etc.
Sea Buckthorn and Classical Note:
Late period of 8th Century,A.D.famous tibetan doctorYu Sui.Yuan Dan Gong Bu(708~833) noted and recorded the mysterious functions of sea buckthorn berry in his famous book Si Bu Yi Dian(Four Medicine Classics),sea buckthorn was noted nurish lung and dispel phlegm,adjust balance of liver,stomach,kidney and heart,vivid blood and soothe blood clot,stop pain,prompt healing up.Later in the 17th century, in a book written by Luo Sang Que Pei,Selected Edition of Tibetan Medicine,treatment effects of sea buckthorn to stomach,liver,intestines,ruffian and women disease proved.
Sea Buckthorn More:
The "it" ingredient of our products, Sea Buckthorn Fruit Extract, derived from a botanical plant, is commercially produced and available only in the Altai Mountains, Russia and, since recently, in China. Sea Buckthorn Fruit Extract, a natural bactericide, antioxidant and analgesic is well known in Eastern Europe and China for its extraordinary healing properties. The extract has been used for over one thousand years and has a proven record of benefits. However, Sea Buckthorn Fruit Extract and its many properties remain fairly unknown to the U.S. market.
Sea Buckthorn is a branched spiny shrub growing along mountain riverbeds; its leaves are silvery in color, while the fruit is bright orange. Its leaves and berries have been used for food, and in medicinal and cosmetic formulations since the times immemorial. Tibetan writings dating from the Tang and Qing dynasties, which go back more than 1000 years, record the medical uses of Sea Buckthorn Extract. The plant was fed to horses in ancient Greece, where it was found to improve their health and impart a gloss to their coat. The latter property explains the Latin name of this unique plant: Hippophae Rhamnoldes -- "shiny horse".
There are two major sources of Sea Buckthorn extract worldwide: Russia and China.
Only female plants produce fruit. Unfortunately, plant type cannot be determined until flowers are produced. Flowers are small, yellow and appear before the leaves being produced on three-year-old wood. Sea buckthorn plants are very hardy and can withstand temperatures of -45 to 103 F (-43 to 40 C). To ensure adequate pollination and suitable numbers of female trees, it is necessary for the orchard to have between seven and 12% of the trees as pollinators. Too many pollinator trees in the orchard can result in a reduced number of fruit bearing trees and a reduction in yields.
The university is one of Europe's leading centres of research into sea buckthorns, a berry-bearing shrub that fills Professor Kallio with enthusiasm. "The earliest references to sea buckthorn in the Chinese literature date back 800 years. It is claimed to have so many health-promoting and even curative effects that incredulity sometimes sets in. But we have studied some of the claims and our results to date are strong confirmation of the Chinese views."
Sea buckthorn is said to have beneficial effects on, among other ailments, mucous membranes in the stomach and oesophagus, skin injuries and heart and circulatory diseases. Does that entitle it to be called a functional foodstuff? "Hopefully some time, but it will take more proof than we can provide now," says Professor Kallio.
Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) is one of the important natural resources of the mountainous regions of China and Russia. The plant grows naturally in sandy soil at an altitude of 1,200-4,500 meters (4,000-14,000 feet) in cold climates, though it can be cultivated at lower altitudes and into temperate zones. Recently it has been extensively planted across much of northern China, and in other countries, to prevent soil erosion and to serve as an economic resource for food and medicine products. For example, Canada has invested in planting sea buckthorn, originally brought over from Siberia in the 1930s, hoping to develop a good agriculture market; Saskatchewan has ideal growing conditions, yielding a high quality product.
Scientific References:
1.What is Sea Buckthorn,Hippophae rhamnoides L,Sea Buckthorn Berry,Argousier,Sanddorn,Finbar,Homokt?Seabuckthorn and its History?
Claims & Warning:
Claims: Information this web site presented is meant for Nutritional Benefit and as an educational starting point only, for use in maintenance and promotion good health in cooperation with a common knowledge base reference...Furthermore,it based solely on the traditional and historic use or legend of a given herb from the garden of Adonis. Although every effort has been made to ensure its accurate, please note that some info may be outdated by more recent scientific developments......
Pharmakon Warning: The order of knowledge is not the transparent order of forms and ideas,as one might be tempted retrospectively to interpret it; it is the antidote....(Dissemination,Plato's Pharmacy,II.The Ingredients:Phantasms,Festivals,and Paints;138cf. Jacques Derrida.).
And as it happens,the technique of imitation,along with the production of the simulacrum,has always been in Plato's eyes manifestly magical,thaumaturgical:......and the same things appear bent and straight to those who view them in water and out,or concave and convex,owing to similar errors of vision about colors, and there is obviously every confusion of this sort in our souls.And so scene painting (skiagraphia) in its exploitation of this weakness of four nature falls nothing short of witchcraft (thaumatopoia), and so do jugglery and many other such contrivances.(Republic X,602c-d;cf.also 607c).
Screen Size 1024x768.]
[Scene Close]
MDidea Extracts Professional
Proper Special Extract Series:
Enjoy Daily Cartoons:
Serie No.:P003.Basic Data Sheet Download
.
seminal trace...Sea Buckthorn Extract.Seabuckthorn Extract.Hippophae rhamnoides L.extract of Sea Buckthorn.CAS.NO:90106-68-6.Sea Buckthorn berry Extract.Sea Buckthorn Berry Extract....
Basic Botanical Data of Sea Buckthorn:
Physical Characteristics:
Flavonoids: Sea Buckthorn Berry contains more than 7 kinds of natural flavonoids,they are Isorhamnetin,Quercetin,Isorhamnetin-3-Beta-D-glucoside;Isorhamnetin-3-Beta-D-glucosaminide;kaempferol,etc.Pharmacological clinical trials proved that flavonoids and phenols of sea buckthorn berry could boost up body tolerance,reduce capillary vessel ermeability (capillary permeability),special effects for Cardiovascular Disease prevention proved,especially release functional improve properties of angina and cardio function,lowering the level of cholesterol and triglycerides,release obvious purifying ability to blood dirty,old blood cells,blood trash,etc.
Scientific References:
Claims & Warning:
