Goldenseal Root,Echinacea's partner, broad-spectrum herbs and its uses...

  seminal trace...Golden Seal Root.Hydrastis canadensis.10:1Extract.CAS RN: 84603-60-1;EINECS RN: 283-261-5...

 


   Basic Botanical Data of Goldenseal:

 Goldenseal
 Biological Name: Hydrastis canadensis
 Official Latin Name: Hydrastis canadensis (L.)
 Order: Ranunculaceae  Family: Asteraceae
 Common Names: Eye Root, Goldenseal, Ground Raspberry, Indian Dye, Indian Turmeric, Jaundice Root, Orange Root, Yellow Puccoon, Yellow Root
 Other Names: Goldenseal, yellow paint root, orange root, yellow puccoon, ground raspberry, eye root, yellow Indian plant, turmeric root, Ohio curcuma, eye balm, yellow eye, jaundice root
 Synonyms: Hydrastis rhizoma, yellow root, orange root, eye balm, eye root, wild curcuma, ground raspberry, Indian plant, Indian dye, Indian paint, Jaundice root, turmeric root, yellow puccoon,BBR, berberine bisulfate, curcuma, eye balm, eye root, golden root, goldensiegel, goldsiegel, ground raspberry, guldsegl, hydrastidis rhizoma, hydrophyllum, Indian dye, Indian paint, Indian plant, Indian turmeric, jaundice root, kanadische gelbwurzel, kurkuma, Ohio curcuma, orange root, tumeric root, warnera, wild curcuma, wild turmeric, yellow eye, yellow Indian plant, yellow paint, yellow paint root, yellow puccoon, yellow root, yellow seal, yellow wort.
 Note: Goldenseal is sometimes referred to as "Indian turmeric" or "curcuma," but should not be confused with turmeric (Curcuma longa Linn.).
 Parts used: Root and rhizome
 Collection: The root and rhizome are unearthed from three-year-old plants in the autumn, after the seeds have ripened.
 Properties: Alterative, anti-biotic, anti-catarrhal, anti-infective, anti-inflammatory, anti-malarial, anti-pyretic, anti-septic, astringent, bitter, haemostatic, immune-stimulating, laxative (mild), muscular stimulant, oxytocic, strong digestive stimulant, tonic to the digestive tract.

 

  Plant Description: Goldenseal is a long-lived herbaceous perennial of the deep woods.Goldenseal is a small plant with a single hairy stem. It has two five-lobed, jagged leaves, small flowers, and raspberry-like fruit. The bitter-tasting rhizome, or root, is a bright yellow-brown in color, twisted, and wrinkled. Goldenseal can be found growing wild in rich, shady soil in the northern United States, but is now grown mostly on farms.Hydrastis is a small perennial plant with a single hairy stem producing two five-lobed serrated leaves and a small single apetalous flower with greenish sepals, giving way to a raspberry-like fruit. It grows in rich shady woodlands through north and north-eastern North America, but is rare in the wild and is usually cultivated for commerce.The horizontal rhizome creeps beneath the rich forest detritus, resembling a small, crooked finger. In very robust individuals, this rhizome becomes clump-like, with a dense crown and multiple buds. Fibrous rootlets extend out from the rhizome, sparse on the upper surface and more frequent toward the base. Both rhizome and roots (the root) are golden-yellow when fresh, and this color is intensified internally. In fact, this vivid color clearly identifies goldenseal, differentiating it from all look-alikes. The root is the main part used, and the yellow color can be attributed to the prevalence of the main antimicrobial constituent present in the goldenseal plant:berberine.
 

  Goldenseal seed: The goldenseal berry matures in the early summer, ripening from an emerald green to a deep red color. As the berry softens, it is likely to detach from the plant and fall to the forest floor, where it eventually rots, leaving behind its load of up to 30 roundish, hard, shiny black seeds. Alternatively, the fruit may be eaten by birds or mammals and the berry passed through the digestive tract, the goldenseal seeds subsequently deposited (in association with a little nitrogenous fertilizer) at a distance from the parent plant. In either case, if the goldenseal seed remains reasonably moist throughout the process, it will retain viability and with luck will lodge in the soil. After overwintering, the goldenseal seed will germinate in the spring, or may rest for another full year and germinate in the second spring following dissemination.

  Growing Info:  Goldenseal grows naturally on the floors of forests, therefore it needs a shady location to grow. It is beginning to become threatened in the wild, which is just another good reason to include it in your garden. Plant several of these perennials to make a community. Will grow to about 1 foot tall. Loves rich, moist soil with plenty of organic material worked in. The thick, knotty, yellow rootstock can be harvested after three years of growth.

 

 Basic Botanical Data of Goldenseal:
 Goldenseal Brief Introduction:
 Phytochemicals and Constituents:
 Benefit Applications and Common Remedy Uses:
 Dosage,Safety and Suggestions:
 Goldenseal History:
 The Goldenseal Trade:
 Research Update:Goldenseal,Hydrastis canadensis


   Goldenseal Brief Introduction:

 Goldenseal was used by the American Indians as a treatment for irritations and inflammation of the mucous membranes of the respiratory, digestive, and urinary tracts. It was commonly used topically for skin and eye infections. Because of its anti-microbial activity, goldenseal has a long history of use for infectious diarrhea, upper respiratory tract infections, and vaginal infections. Goldenseal is often recommended in combination with echinacea for the treatment of colds and flu.

 Goldenseal is also known by the names Yellow Root, Orange Root, Eye Root, Indian Turmeric, and Jaundice Root. Goldenseal is a native North American herb that grows in the Appalachian Mountains and surrounding areas. The Cherokee Indians, who introduced it to early American settlers, not only valued the root of this plant for health purposes, but also for its yellow dye which was used as face paint, clothing dye, insect repellant and as an application to wounds. Once widely available in the wild, the plant has been largely over-harvested, and is now mostly available through commercial cultivation. The genus name, Hydrastis, is from the Greek meaning "water acting", due to the effect Goldenseal has upon mucous membrane secretions.
 

 Known primarily as echinacea's partner, Goldenseal Root is a powerful herb on it's own. Herbalists love Goldenseal for its cleansing, immune-nourishing properties. This herb contains berberine and other natural compounds having numerous health benefits. Taken at the first signs of respiratory problems, colds or flu, Goldenseal can help prevent further symptoms from developing.

 Considered to be a "broad-spectrum" herb, Goldenseal is extremely popular and very much in demand. Goldenseal's numerous uses are attributed to its antibiotic, anti-inflammatory and astringent properties. It soothes irritated mucous membranes aiding the eyes, ears, nose and throat. Taken at the first signs of respiratory problems, colds or flu, Goldenseal helps prevent further symptoms from developing. It has also been used to help reduce fevers, and relieve congestion and excess mucus. Goldenseal cleanses and promotes healthy glandular functions by increasing bile flow and digestive enzymes, thereby regulating healthy liver and spleen functions. It also eases inflamed peptic ulcers, aids digestion and relieves constipation. Goldenseal may be used to treat infections of the bladder and intestines as well. It's properties are largely due to its alkaloids, which include berberine, hydrastine and canadine. Because demand for the herb is high and supplies are low, Goldenseal is one of the most expensive herbs on the market.

 Goldenseal is a highly valued medicinal herb belonging to the Ranunculaceae family. It is native to the open woodland areas of the northeastern United States. It grows naturally on the forest floor and so requires shade to grow successfully.

 The plants over winter as a rhizome, with leaves emerging relatively early in the spring. The stems grow to about 30cm and generally have two large, slightly hairy leaves. The plant produces a small white flower, which develops into a green berry. The berry turns bright red when the seeds are ripe.

 The medicinal properties of Goldenseal are attributed to the alkaloids, hydrastine and berberine, which are used as a muscle stimulant, antihaemorrhagic and as a laxative. Goldenseal also has some antibacterial properties, and is believed to help boost the immune system. Extracts from the plant can also be used for the treatment of nasal congestion, mouth sores, eye infections, ringworm, haemorrhoids, acne, and as an antiseptic.

 

  Some common Facts of Goldenseal:

 Goldenseal is one of the five top-selling herbal products in the United States. However, there is little scientific evidence about its safety or effectiveness. Goldenseal can be found in dietary supplements, eardrops, feminine cleansing products, cold/flu remedies, allergy remedies, laxatives, and digestive aids.

 Goldenseal is often found in combination with echinacea in treatments for upper respiratory infections, and is suggested to enhance the effects of echinacea. However, the effects when these agents are combined are not scientifically proven.

 Goldenseal has been used by some people due to the popular notion that detection of illegal drugs in urine may be hidden by use of the herb, although scientific information is limited in this area.

 The popularity of goldenseal has led to a higher demand for the herb than growers can supply. This high demand has led to the substitution of other herbs such as Chinese goldthread (Coptis chinensis Fransch.) and Oregon grape (Mahonia aquifolium [Pursh] Nutt.), that do not contain exactly the same isoquinoline alkaloids, and may not affect the body in the same way as goldenseal.

 In 1997, Hydrastis canadensis was placed on the Convention on Inernational Trade in Endangered Species Appendix List II, due to it's over collection in the wild.This medicinal plant is a slow growing perennial native to hardwood forests in the Eastern USA. Native Americans, well aware of its medicinal benefits, included the plant in their diets and shared this knowledge with early settlers who quickly began using it.


   Phytochemicals and Constituents:
 

 Goldenseal contains a compound called berberine that kills many types of bacteria, including the ones that cause diarrhea. Berberine has also been shown to kill a wide range of other types of germs, such as those that cause candida (yeast) infections, viruses, and various parasites such as tapeworms and Giardia. Berberine may also activate white blood cells, making them more effective at fighting infection and strengthening the immune system. For these reasons, berberine is used as an antibiotic and disinfectant, both externally and internally. Berberine may also be useful in heart failure and malaria.

 Goldenseal Root Holistic Extract Containing: Water, Glycerol, Root Extractives, 15% Grain Alcohol (left after extraction as a preservative), Triacetic Glycerol, phosphatidylcholine (Lecithin), Mixed Tocopherols (a Natural source of Vitamin E), less than 1% Gum Arabic and/or Sodium Caseinate (protein) as emulsifiers.
 Constituents: 5% of the root consists of isoquinoline alkaloids )hydrastine, berberine and canadine) chlorogenic acid, traces of essential oil, resin, fatty oil, starch, sugar

 The two primary alkaloids are hydrastine and berberine, along with smaller amounts of canadine. Berberine, which ranges from 0.5-6.0% of the alkaloids present in goldenseal root and rhizome, has been the most extensively researched. It appears to have a wide spectrum of antibiotic activity against pathogens, such as Chlamydia species, E. coli, Salmonella typhi, and Entomeba histolytica.

  Major Constituents:

 The two primary alkaloids are hydrastine and berberine, along with smaller amounts of canadine. Berberine, which ranges from 0.5-6.0% of the alkaloids present in goldenseal root and rhizome, has been the most extensively researched. It appears to have a wide spectrum of antibiotic activity against pathogens, such as Chlamydia species, E. coli, Salmonella typhi, and Entomeba histolytica.

  Vitamines and Minerals: Goldenseal contains calcium, iron, manganese, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, B-complex, and other nutrients and minerals.
  Alkaloids: For an herb with such a tremendous medicinal reputation, there has been very little research into its pharmacology, but it is known that goldenseal's medicinal actions are due largely to the isoqinoline alkaloids.
  Hydrastine: Research in Canada in the late 1960s showed that hydrastine constricts the blood vessels and stimulates the autonomic nervous system.
  Berberine: Berberine is bitter, antibacterial, and amebicidal. It also has a sedative action on the central nervous system.
  Canadine: Research shows that this alkaloid stimulates the muscles of the uterus.

  A new glucosyl feruloyl quinic acid as a potential marker for roots and rhizomes of goldenseal, Hydrastis canadensis:

 A new compound, 5-O-(4'-[beta-d-glucopyranosyl]-trans-feruloyl)quinic acid (GPFQ, 10), is reported from the medicinal plant goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis). A new HPLC method is described and used to show that GPFQ is a potential marker for goldenseal roots (1.0% w/w) and rhizomes (2.3%). GPFQ was found at much lower levels in stems (<0.1%) and could not be detected in leaves.
 Neochlorogenic acid (9), which has not previously been reported from goldenseal,and chlorogenic acid (6) reached their highest levels in leaves (0.9% 9 and 0.5% 6). The main alkaloids, hydrastine (1) and berberine (2), were highest in rhizomes (2.8% 1 and 4.6% 2), but palmatine (5) was not found in genuine goldenseal.


   Benefit Applications and Common Remedy Uses:
 

 Goldenseal has been used for infections in the mouth, lungs, intestines (e.g., traveler's diarrhea) and urinary system. It has also been used for swelling (inflammation), indigestion, cold and flu symptoms, menstrual disorders, gallbladder inflammation and liver disease (cirrhosis). Some herbal/diet supplement products have been found to contain possibly harmful impurities/additives. Check with your pharmacist for more details regarding the particular brand you use. The FDA has not reviewed this product for safety or effectiveness. Consult your doctor or pharmacist for more details.


 Goldenseal is one of the most popular herbs sold on the American market and has recently gained a reputation as a herbal antibiotic and immune system enhancer. American Indians used goldenseal as a medication for inflammatory internal conditions such as repiratory, digestive and genito-urinary tract inflammation induced by allergy or infection. The Cherokee used the roots as a wash for local inflammations, a decoction for general debility, dyspepsia, and to improve appetite. The Iroquois used a decoction of the root for whooping cough, diarrhea, liver disease, fever, sour stomach, flatulence, pneumonia, and with whiskey for heart trouble. They also prepared a compound infusion with other roots for use as drops in the treatment of earache and as a wash for sore eyes.


 It was not until 1798 that its medicinal virtues began to attract attention. From then on its reputation as a powerful healing herb spread, both in England and America, and by about 1850 it had became an important article of commerce. It was popularly used as a bitter stomach digestive (to help stimulate digestion and improve appetite), to treat skin inflammations, and those of the eyes such as conjunctivitis. It was also used for inflammation of the mucous membranes of the throat and digestive system. Its traditional uses also include the treatment of peptic ulcers, gastritis, dyspepsia and colitis. It is said to stimulate appetite and generally have a toning effect on the whole body has also been used for anorexia nervosa. It is also said to be effective for treatment of catarrhal conditions of the upper respiratory tract and inflammations of the urinary tract.

 Now Goldenseal Root is such a great healing supplement! Anyone who likes to stay healthy by avoiding the onset of colds, infections, and digestive problems could benefit from goldenseal supplementation. It can help maintain a high level of immunity in the body and help a person get over sickness faster. Goldenseal Root especially can help bodybuilders and athletes because people who are working their bodies hard can be more susceptible to illness.

 Jethro Kloss describes this herb as "the most wonderful remedies in the entire herb kingdom. It does seem like a cure all after looking at all it can do."

 Specifically used for digestive system such as stomach disorders, acute inflammations, liver troubles. It exerts a special influence on all the mucous membranes and tissues with which it comes in contact. Excels for open sores, inflammations, eczema, ringworm, erysipelas, skin diseases, nausea during pregnancy.

 

  Golden Seal Benefit Applications Summary:

  Properties: Alterative, anti-biotic, anti-catarrhal, anti-infective, anti-inflammatory, anti-malarial, anti-pyretic, anti-septic, astringent, bitter, haemostatic, immune-stimulating, laxative (mild), muscular stimulant, oxytocic, strong digestive stimulant, tonic to the digestive tract.Laxative, tonic, alterative, detergent, opthalmicum, antiperiodic, aperient, diuretic, antiseptic, deobstruent.Known primarily as echinacea's partner, Goldenseal Root is a powerful herb in its own right. Herbalists love Goldenseal for its cleansing, immune-nourishing properties. This herb contains berberine and other natural compounds that have numerous health benefits. Taken at the first signs of respiratory problems, colds or flu, Goldenseal can help prevent further symptoms from developing.

  Indications: Abscesses, aiding digestion, allergic rhinitis, anorexia nervosa, bladder and intestine infections, boils, candida albicans, carbuncles, cleansing and promoting healthy glandular functions, conjunctivitis, diarrhea, earache, eczema, excessive menstruation, flatulence, fever, gum infections, haemorrhoids, hay fever, hepatitis, internal bleeding, laryngitis, liver disease, pharyngitis, pneumonia, preventing cold and flu, reducing fevers, regulating healthy liver and spleen functions, relieving constipation, relive congestion and excess mucous, ringworm, snoring (caused by nasal congestion), soothing irritated mucus membranes (eyes, ears, nose and throat), sores, sour stomach, thrush, trichomonas, ulcers (duodenal, gastric, peptic), whooping cough, wounds.Common cold/sore throat,Crohn's disease,Recurrent ear infection,Urinary tract infection.

  Antibacterial and antibiotic: The antibacterial action of goldenseal helps control infection of open sores. Today, goldenseal is marketed as a tonic to aid digestion, sooth upset stomach, and as an antibacterial and antiviral agent. It is considered a natural antibiotic and is most often combined with echinacea in preparations designed to strengthen the immune system. Many professional herbalists recommend goldenseal in herbal remedies for hay fever (also called allergic rhinitis), colds, and the flu. Goldenseal is considered a useful antiseptic (which is why some herbalists use it topically to disinfect cuts and scrapes) and astringent. It is commonly used to treat severak skin, eye, and mucous membrane inflammatory and infectious conditions (such as sinusitis, conjunctivitis, and urinary tract infections). It is also available in mouthwashes for sore throats and canker sores.

  Blood purifier:  good digestive tonic for those with normal digestion; central nervous system stimulent; antiseptic (wounds); powerful antibiotic and immune system stimulant; used as a spring tonic.

 

  Cleanse the body:  Goldenseal is also being used by alternative care doctors and holistic healers who use various preparations of this and other herbs to treat drug addictions. They first cleanse the body of the offending toxins, then use another specific preparation to deal with the physical withdrawal symptoms, and finally a third mixture to rebuild the body through sound nutrition.

  Cardiovascular benefits:Heart Strengthen In combination with skullcap and red pepper it will relieve and strengthen the heart.Laboratory studies suggest that this substance has antibacterial and immune-enhancing properties and may also have cardiovascular benefits. Berberine has been shown to dilate blood vessels and, therefore, may prove useful in the treatment of irregular heartbeat and heart failure. However, oral doses of goldenseal contain only trace amounts of berberine, so it is unlikely that the herb confers the same benefits as berberine alone. It is possible that topical goldenseal preparations and goldenseal extracts containing high concentrations of berberine may be as effective as berberine alone, but further studies are needed to investigate this possibility before any recommendations can be made.

  Colds:  Used for colds (reduces mucous discharge); sinus infection; hay fever; cystitis

  Inhibited clot retraction: Research data that appeared in the Chinese Pharmacological Bulletin (1994) indicated that the berberine in goldenseal "markedly inhibited clot retraction". Those who are prone to strokes of frequent clot formations (that don't have hypoglycemia) may benefit from a goldenseal root capsule every other day.

  Countering infection:  As a dilute infusion, goldenseal can be used as an eyewash and as a mouthwash for infected gums. Goldenseal is an extremely effective wash or douche for yeast infections and other vaginal infections generally. The infusion is also valued as a remedy for psoriasis.


  Digestive problems:  Taken internally, goldenseal increases digestive secretions, astringes the mucous membranes that line the gut, and checks inflammation. It should not be taken for extended periods of time since it reduces the gut's capacity to absorb some nutrients, notably B vitamins.

  Diabetics:  Some diabetics have reported that they are able to reduce their dependency on insulin as a result of taking goldenseal capsules.

  Eye ailments:  Some holistic physicians use a solution of goldenseal root for various eye ailments, especially conjunctivitis. Mix together 1/8 teaspoon each of powdered goldenseal root, comfrey and chamomile, add to one cup of boiling water and steep it for 15 minutes before straining through a sterile cheesecloth. Can then be used at room temperature by applying 2-3 drops three times daily from a sterile eye dropper.The berberine that goldenseal contains makes it excellent for treating inflammations of the cornea and iris brought on by the herpes simplex virus. A similar solution as described above is used, but with an increased portion of 1/4 teaspoon of goldenseal.

  Gynecological uses:  Goldenseal helps to reduce heavy menstrual bleeding and is used by herbal practitioners and midwives help stop bleeding following childbirth (postpartum hemorrhage). Goldenseal should not be taken during pregnancy.

  Mucous membranes:  Most authorities agree that goldenseal is a potent remedy for disorders affecting mucous membranes of the body, notably of the eye, ear, nose and throat, the stomach and intestines, and the vagina.

 

  Pains relieve: It has been reported that the plant relieves pains and helps heal wounds and stop bleeding.

  Poison ivy rashes: For those with poison ivy rashes, goldenseal powder (1tspn) can be combined in a pint of hot water and be dabbed on the effected areas when cool. Also 2-3 capsules of root powder taken internally will expedite the healing process as well.

  Skin disorders and sore eyes:  Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis L.) a member of the family Ranunculaceae, is a native American medicinal drug introduced to early settlers by Cherokee Indians, who used it as a wash for skin disorders and sore eyes.

  Sinus miseries:  Some people use the following method to relieve sinus miseries. Take a shaker of salt and put about 20 or so grains into the palm of your hand, adding a pinch or two of goldenseal powder and enough filtered water to form a liquid paste. Then sniff the mixture up your nose and you'll get almost instantly relief as the mixture reaches your mucus membranes.

  Sores in the mouth,gums or tongue:  Any kind of sores in the mouth, gums or tongue can be healed by making a simple mouthwash with a pinch of goldenseal powder and baking soda in a little water.


  Ulcerations of mucosal surfaces :  Used for ulcerations of mucosal surfaces (as external wash): gums, gum diseases, as eyewash for conjunctivitis, wounds, eczema, ringworm.

  Venous circulation: Hydrastis canadensis is one of the very few agents which will tone and sustain the venous circulation. It can be made to specially influence the stomach, bowels, bronchi, urinary tract or generative organs by combining it with agents which specially influence the given part.

  Yeast infections: Yeast infections can be treated by combining 3 cups of water and 1-1/2 teaspoons of powdered goldenseal root in a blender. The mixture is then used as a douche several times a day until the problem is cleared up.

  Other medical uses:  Addictions, Colorectal cancer, Gastritis, Giardiasis, Glue ear, Liver cancer, Strep throat, Toxic shock syndrome, Viral infection.

 Excellent remedy for tonsillitis, diphtheria, and other serious throat troubles. Also for chronic catarrh of the intestines and all catarrhal conditions, as well as for improving appetite and digestion.

 

  Antibiotic, anti-inflammatory and astringent :

 Goldenseal's numerous uses are attributed to its antibiotic, anti-inflammatory and astringent properties. It soothes irritated mucus membranes aiding the eyes, ears, nose and throat. Taken at the first signs of respiratory problems, colds or flu, Goldenseal helps can help to prevent further symptoms from developing. It has also been used to help reduce fevers, and relive congestion and excess mucous.

 Goldenseal contains calcium, iron, manganese, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, B-complex, and other nutrients and minerals. The roots and rhizomes of goldenseal contain many isoquinoline alkaloids, including hydrastine, berberine, canadine, canadaline, and l-hydrastine as well as traces of essential oil, fatty oil and resin. It is believed that the high content of these alkaloids gives its antibiotic, anti-infective and immune stimulating qualities.

  Cleanses and promotes healthy glandular functions:

 Goldenseal cleanses and promotes healthy glandular functions by increasing bile flow and digestive enzymes, therefore regulating healthy liver and spleen functions. It can relieve constipation and may also be used to treat infections of the bladder and intestines as well.

  Alkaloid berberine and Goldenseal's effectiveness against bacteria:

 In particular it is the alkaloid berberine that is most likely responsible for Goldenseal's effectiveness against bacteria, protozoa, fungi, Streptococci and it also promotes easier removal of the bacteria by inhibiting their ability to adhere to tissue surfaces. Berberine is also anti-fungal and strongly anti-diarrheal. It aids against the infection of mucous membranes such as the lining of the oral cavity, throat, sinus, bronchi, genito-urinary tract and gastrointestinal tract. Clinical studies have shown it is effective in the treatment of diarrhea cause by E. coli (traveller's diarrhea), Shigella dysenteriae (shigellosis), salmonella paratyphi (food poisoning), giardia lamblia (giardiasis), and vibrio cholerae (cholera).

  Properties and Other Uses:

 Goldenseal may also help with allergic rhinitis, hay fever, laryngitis, hepatitis, cystitis, and alcoholic liver disease. It has proven its value in cases of diarrhea and haemorrhoids. Its astringent properties have also been employed in cases of excessive menstruation and internal bleeding. Externally, a wash can be prepared to treat skin conditions such as eczema and ringworm, as well as wounds and badly healing sores, or used as drops in cases of earache and conjunctivitis. The decoction is also said to be effective as a douche to treat trichomonas and thrush. As a gargle it can be employed in cases of gum infections and sore throats. The application of a paste or poultice containing goldenseal root is sometimes recommended for boils, abscesses and carbuncles on the grounds that Goldenseal helps to kill bacteria and reduce inflammation.

 The root is a powerful tonic, at the same time exerting an especial influence upon the mucous surfaces and tissues, with which it comes in contact. Internally, it is successfully administered in dyspepsia, chronic affections of the mucous coats of the stomach, erysipelas; remittent, intermittent, and typhoid fevers; torpor of the liver, and wherever tonics are required. In some instances it proves laxative, but without any astringency and seems to rank in therapeutical action between rhubarb and blood-root.

 A strong decoction of two parts of Golden Seal and one part of Geranium or Cranebill, is very valuable in gleet, chronic gonorrhoea, and leucorrhoea, used in injection. It is likewise of much benefit in incipient stricture, spermatorrhoea, and inflammation and ulceration of the internal coat of the bladder, and held there as long as the patient can conveniently retain it. To be repeated three or four times a day, immediately after emptying the bladder.

 

  Golden Seal and mucous membranes effects:

 Goldenseal has been recommended to support the health of mucous membranes, including stomach, intestinal, vaginal and rectal.Acts especially on mucous membranes, relaxing them and producing a thick, yellowish, ropy secretion. The catarrh may be anywhere,-throat, stomach, uterus, urethra,-it is always characterized by this peculiar mucous discharge. Hydrastis is especially active in old, easily-tired people, cachectic individuals, with great debility. Cerebral effects prominent, feels his wits sharpened, head cleared, facile expression. Weak muscular power, poor digestion and obstinate constipation. Lumbago. Emaciation and prostration. Its action on the liver is marked. Cancer and cancerous state, before ulceration, when pain is principal symptom. Goitre of puberty and pregnancy. Small-pox internally and locally. The power of Hydrastis over smallpox seen in modifying the disease, abolishing its distressing symptoms, shortening its course, lessening its danger and greatly mitigating its consequences.This root has been well named the king of tonics to the mucus membrane. It has been largely used since about 1820. It received its name from the Thompsonians. It is claimed that the aborigines of North America discovered this agent and used it as a tonic. It is intensely bitter and somewhat unpleasant to the taste. We have, however, in spite of the price and unpleasant taste, used it freely for years, and can assure the practitioner that it is a very reliable article.

  Mind: Depressed; sure of death, and desires it.

  Head: Dull, pressing frontal pain, especially connected with constipation. Myalgic pain in scalp and muscles of neck (Cimicif). Eczema on forehead along line of hair. Sinusitis, after coryza.

  Ears: Roaring. Muco-purulent discharge. Deafness. Estachian catarrh, with high-pitched voice.

  Nose: Thick, tenacious secretion from posterior nares to throat. Watery, excoriating discharge. Oza, with ulceration of septum. Tends to blow nose all the time.

  Mouth: Peppery taste. Tongue white, swollen, large, flabby, slimy; shows imprint of teeth (Merc); as if scalded; stomatitis. Ulceration of tongue, fissures toward the edges.

  Throat: Follicular pharyngitis. Raw, smarting, excoriating sensation. Hawking of yellow, tenacious mucus (Kali bich). Child is aroused suddenly from sleep by this tenacious post-nasal dropping. Goitre of puberty and pregnancy.

  Stomach: Sore feeling in stomach more or less constant. Weak digestion. Bitter taste. Pain as from a hard-cornered substance. Gone feeling. Pulsation in epigastrium. Cannot eat bread or vegetables. Atonic dyspepsia. Ulcers and cancer. Gastritis.

  Abdomen: Gastro-duodenal catarrh. Liver torpid, tender. Jaundice. Gallstones. Dull dragging in right groin with cutting sensation into right testicle.

  Back: Dull, heavy, dragging pain and stiffness, particularly across lumbar region, must use arms in raising himself from seat.

  Rectum: Prolapsed; anus fissured. Constipation, with sinking feeling in stomach, and dull headache. During stool, smarting pain in rectum. After stool, long-lasting pain (Nit ac). Horrhoids; even a light flow exhausts. Contraction and spasm.

  Urine: Gleety discharge. Urine smells decomposed

  Male: Gonorrh, second stage; discharge thick and yellow.

  Female: Erosion and excoriation of cervix. Leucorrh, worse after menses (Bov; Calc c); acrid and corroding, shreddy, tenacious. Menorrhagia. Pruritus vulv? with profuse leucorrh (Calc c; Kreos; Sep). Sexual excitement. Tumor of breast; nipple retracted.

  Respiratory: Chest raw, sore, burning. Dry, harsh cough. Bronchial catarrh, later stages. Bronchitis in old, exhausted persons, with thick, yellow, tenacious expectoration. Frequent fainty spells, with cold sweat all over. Feels suffocating when lying on left side. Pain from chest to left shoulder.

  Skin: Eruption like variola. Lupus; ulcers, cancerous formations. General tendency to profuse perspiration and unhealthy skin (Hepar).

  Golden Seal support the health of the gastric and genitourinary systems:

 Goldenseal extract, derived from the rhizome and roots of this small forest plant, has acquired a considerable reputation as a general bitter tonic and to support the health of the gastric and genitourinary systems.

 Goldenseal's benefits can be attributed to its alkaloids, especially hydrastine and barberine.The barberine is also responsible for the herb's characteristic golden color.These alkaloids are strongly astringent and help soothe irritation mucous membranes.

 Hydrastine has also been reported to lower blood pressure and stimulate peristalsis, along with being an anti-tussive (relieves coughs).

 Barberine and its sulfate, barberine sulfate, have been demonstrated to have anti-bacterial, anti-fungal and immunostimulatory activity.Barberine has shown marked effects on acute diarrhea.Barberine also enhances the activity of specific white blood cells that help the body fight infection against invading organisms.

 Goldenseal also reportedly increases the blood flow to the spleen, which also supports immune function.

 

  Golden Seal Common Remedy Uses:

 Golden Seal as optimal whole body health booster:
 Golden Seal and Oral Health:
 Golden Seal Prevent Influenza:
 Golden Seal Echinacea Plus for Cold and flu:
 Golden Seal Egastric and genitourinary Combinations:
 Golden Seal inflamed or sore eyes and ulcers mouth Combinations:
 Golden Seal Pet Skin Irritation Combinations:
 Golden Seal irritable chancres and buboes Combinations:labial ulcers in syphilis:
 Golden Seal Vaginal Yeast Combinations:
 Golden Seal Bladder Infection & Urinary Tract Combinations:
 Natural Preservatives and antimicrobials:


  Golden Seal as optimal whole body health booster:

 Golden Seal Hydrastis dietary supplement has a beneficial effect on almost all body systems. Hydrastis produces a significant number of valuable nutrients including the biologically active compounds berberine, hydrastine, and canadine. Studies have demonstrated its ability to destroy many disease causing intestinal organisms, while having very little effect on "friendlies", inhibit the proliferation of and induce cell death in a wide range of cancer cells, stimulate glucose uptake in an insulin independent manner and assist in the maintenance of healthy cholesterol levels through a mechanism distinctly different from statin drugs. Hydrastis Complete is a whole plant product, standardized to deliver both the active compounds as well as the inactive compounds which are vital to optimal effectiveness.

  Golden Seal and Oral Health:

 Golden Seal Hydrastis Complete formulated for optimal oral health. The anti-inflammatory activities of berberine soothe swollen and damaged tissue while its antimicrobial activities reduce the bacterial load. Blended with Spearmint essential oil for a refreshing taste.

  Golden Seal Prevent Influenza:

 Golden Seal Hydrastis Complete combined with Elder Berry.Studies have demonstrated Elder Berry's effectiveness against both Influenza Types A and B. In addition, the berries have potent antioxidant properties. When combined with the antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities of Hydrastis the result is a very powerful weapon in the fight against the flu virus
 

  Golden Seal Echinacea Plus for Cold and flu:

 Golden Seal Hydrastis Complete combined with Echinacea. Without question, Echinacea/Goldenseal combinations are the most popular natural product blends on the US market for colds and flu.

 This formula supports the immune system during times of stress. Echinacea Goldenseal Supreme is particularly useful where support for respiratory health is indicated. As you can see from the traditional use of this compound's ingredients (described below), it has been formulated to be broad acting in such situations.

 It has been said that Native Americans used Echinacea to treat more conditions than any other remedy. The Eclectic medical doctors, from the first half of the last century, also praised Echinacea for its benefits to the respiratory tract. Today, modern science is beginning to support much of its established traditional use, by showing that extracts of Echinacea spp. have the ability to strengthen immune function. Research has further shown that alcohol/water extracts of Echinacea significantly enhance natural killer cell function, and have phagocytic and metabolic influence on macrophages. This simply means that Echinacea has the potential to nonspecifically activate your immune system. In other words, it helps your body respond when needed. Almost any alterative formula that focuses on enhancing the immune system could well benefit from this powerful botanical.

 Goldenseal rhizome and root is native to North America. It has traditionally been used to soothe the mucous membranes. Like several other ingredients of this formula (i.e., Oregon Grape root and Barberry root), Goldenseal contains the immunostimulatory alkaloid, Berberine. Oregon Grape root has a history of traditional use closely resembling that of Goldenseal. Oregon Grape has distinguished itself, however, by its effect with simple acne.

 Barberry root is a bitter tonic that pharmacologically shares many properties with Goldenseal and Oregon Grape root. And, as one may expect of plants with closely related chemistry, the traditional use of Barberry is also similar to other Berberine containing plants.

 St. John's Wort flower buds have been used traditionally for more than 2,000 years. It is utilized here for its harmonizing effect with anxiety and nervous system health.An example formula conbined as following fashionable:

 Echinacea purpurea root 66 mg;Echinacea purpurea flowering 66 mg; St. John's Wort flower bud (Hypericum perforatum) 60 mg; Goldenseal root (Hydrastis canadensis) 60 mg; Echinacea angustifolia root 54 mg; Barberry root (Berberis vulgaris) 45 mg; Oregon Grape root (Berberis aquifolium) 45 mg;Echinacea purpurea seed 12 mg;Good for cold and flu treatment and benefit respiratory systems.

  Golden Seal Egastric and genitourinary Combinations:

 Combined with Mitchella repens (Partridge Berry) its influence will quickly be manifest upon the genitalia. Used with Juglans cin. (Butternut) you have a powerful intestinal tonic. If combined with Eupatorium purpureum (Gravel Root) the kidneys will soon feel its influence.

  Golden Seal inflamed or sore eyes and ulcers mouth Combinations:

 The infusion of Hydrastis is a good wash for inflamed or sore eyes and ulcers in the mouth. In the eruptive diseases, as smallpox, measles, etc., where itching and burning of the skin are a trouble, and in scarletina to prevent scales spreading from the patient, use the following wash. It will relieve the patient:Fluid Extract Hydrastis 1 ounce;Ol. Lini. (Linseed Oil) 9 ounces,Mix and apply as required.

  Golden Seal Pet Skin Irritation Combinations:
 

 What is Feline Skin Irritation?Skin irritations and disorders are the most common cat ailments. A healthy animal has bright, odorless hair and skin, free of debris, grease and irritation. A cat's skin may be irritated if it has a rash, is dry and/or flaking, greasy, red, or itchy. The causes can be numerous from food allergies to fleas and ticks and other irritants. If your pet vomits after a meal, this is an indication that he may have a food allergy. Pet owners should pay close attention to the pet's environment such as his bed or sleeping space which should be cleaned or changed frequently. Regardless of the cause, the healing herbal treatment found in Feline All Clear Ointment can be helpful in clearing the irritation.

 Is your cat's skin swollen, red, hot or itchy? These are some of the signs of irritation and/or infection. Feline All Clear Ointment is an herbal formulation that soothes and heals skin affected by bacterial and fungal infections and other cat skin disorders. It also helps to clear and calm the affected area and prevent infection.1 bottle = 60ml/2.02oz

 A Fashionable formula Prepared with olive oil and bee's wax.other herbs including Coneflower (Echinacea spp.): Immunostimulant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial.Marigold (Calendula officinalis): Anti-inflammatory, healing, clears infection, benefits the skin.Goldenseal (Hydrastis Canadensis): Antimicrobial, reduces inflammation. Acts as a contact disinfectant. Very soothing to the skin

 To be used twice daily on the affected area.Product will last for 6 months. Please refrigerate after opening.Do not use if cat is pregnant or weak. No known side effects. Information presented at PetWellbeing.com is for educational purposes only; statements about products and health conditions have not been evaluated by the Food & Drug Administration.

 

  Golden Seal irritable chancres and buboes Combinations:labial ulcers in syphilis

 Hydrastis is one of the finest agents in powder form for the treatment of irritable chancres and buboes, and in treating labial ulcers in syphilis, used as follows, will give the physician every satisfaction.

 Powdered Hydrastis (Goldenseal) 4 drachms
 Powdered Commiphora (Myrrh) 1 drachm
 Powdered Capsicum (Cayenne) 5 grains
 Rub up well in mortar and fill the ulcers several times a day.

 The decoction, fluid extract or tincture, is a good local application for ringworms. In purchasing the fluid extract the practitioner will find there are two kinds offered for sale. The ordinary fluid extract and the colorless extract. We advise the physician not to accept the colorless, even though he may be told it contains all the therapeutic value of the root. This is not so.

  Golden Seal Vaginal Yeast Combinations:

 Virtually every woman alive has had one or more run-ins with vaginal yeast. Candida albicans is a single-celled organism, a kind of acidophilus. When the vaginal pH is acidic, Lactobaccillus rules. When the vaginal environment becomes alkaline, Candida proliferates. Candida - monilia, moniliasis, yeast, the whites, leucorrhea - is characterized by a thick, white, yeasty-smelling, lumpy, vaginal discharge which is highly irritating to the vulva. Candida can also live on the skin, nails, mouth, lungs, and feet (called athlete¡¯s foot); it is part of healthy intestinal flora. There is no connection between vaginal candida and overgrowth of candida anywhere else in the body.

 The single best remedy for, and prevention against, vaginal yeast is the regular consumption of unsweetened yogurt. Women who consume a cup of yogurt a day have only one-third as many yeast infections of women who consume no yogurt.As a prevention, eat yogurt. As a remedy, eat yogurt and apply it directly to the vagina. How? With a spermicide or tampon applicator, your fingers, a dildo - or ask a man to use his penis to apply yogurt gently to the inner surfaces of your vagina. This has the added advantage of pushing the yogurt well up into his urethra to inconvenience any Candida lurking there. Yogurt applications ease your pain and itching, too. Repeat daily for 10-14 days.

 Maitake mushrooms, not only enhance the immune system, making all vaginal infections less likely, they also contain compounds that specifically inhibit and destroy Candida cells. The only down side is their high manitaol content, which can cause severe flatulence and gas pains. Women with chronic yeast infections benefit the most from maitake. The dose is ? gram daily for a month, then 1 gram daily for a month, increasing each month to a maximum of 3 grams daily.
 Before resorting to antifungal drugs, you may wish to try one of these safe and effective antifungal herbs. They are especially recommended to women who have chronic yeast infections.
 Black walnut (Juglans nigra) husk tincture; extremely effective against Candida albicans.
 Cranberries and blueberries contain arbutin, which kills Candida albicans.
 Chamomile (Matricaria recutita); strong tea, internally and externally, extremely effective against Candida albicans. Best for women who tend to be touchy, sensitive, timid, and afraid of their own sexuality, say Swiss herbalists Barbara and Peter Theiss.
 Ivy (Hedera helix) leaf wash; effective against Candida.
 Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra); infusion as finger, sitz bath.
 Pau D'arco (Tabebuia); salve effective against Candida, or drink two cups of tea daily for two weeks plus finger or sitz baths.
 Sage (Salvia officinalis) tincture or infusion, internally and as a sitz bath.

 Garlic (Allium sativum); effective against Candida albicans. Garlic extracts have been shown to inhibit the growth of Candida albicans by blockage of lipid production which thereby inhibits growth. The major growth inhibitory component in garlic extract is allicin and garlic products that have the highest amount of allicin would be the most desirable. Garlic is diverse in its uses for vaginitis because it is both antibacterial and antifungal. Although I am not aware of any research on the use of garlic inserted in the vagina, this has consistently been one of my recommendations for women over the years for both candida (yeast) vaginitis and bacterial vaginosis. A carefully peeled clove (so as not to nick the garlic) can be inserted into the vagina for 6 to 8 hours. The garlic can be threaded like a necklace so that it can be easily removed as if it were a tampon. "Garlic tampons" or garlic capsules can be inserted intravaginally in the evening and then lactobacillus capsules can be inserted later to create a plan that both inhibits growth of the offending organism and repopulates the microflora to a normal healthy state.
 Goldenrod (Solidago) flowers; douche and a tea approved in Germany to prevent/treat inflamed urogenital yeast infection.

 Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) root douche. Goldenseal and Oregon grape roots contain a substance called berberine which acts both as an antibacterial and immune enhancer. This immune effect is especially specific in epithelial mucus membrane tissue as is found in the vagina, mouth, and even the stomach. Berberine has been shown to possess antimicrobial activity against a wide variety of microorganisms some of which are found in the vagina, such as Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Staph aureus and others. Preparations of goldenseal and oregon grape have been used both orally in teas, caps and liquid extracts, and intravaginally in douches and suppositories. Because of its ability to affect both yeast and bacteria, these two herbs would seem a logical choice in cases where multiple infectious agents are involved.
 Echinacea is particularly helpful in preventing and treating yeast infections since it stimulates the production of white blood cells, which love to snack on yeast cells. It works with antifungal drugs, too. In a German study, 60% of women with a Candida vaginal infection who took drugs had a recurrence, while only 10% of those who took Echinacea with their drug had a recurrence. The most effective dose of Echinacea root tincture is one drop for every two pounds/one kilo of body weight, taken every 4-8 hours depending on the severity of the infection for two weeks.
 Sweets in the diet, especially raw fruit, promote Candida overgrowths. Eliminate, or eat it only cooked.

 Dietary Factors:It cannot be overemphasized how the health of the entire body affects the internal ecosystem of the vagina. The pH of the vagina, the microflora that live there, the hormonal cycles, and the immune tissue in the vagina are all influenced by our general health and our dietary habits and this in turn determines how susceptible we are as a host for the overgrowth of the unfriendly organisms that cause the vaginitis. A generally healthy diet assures our body's defense system. A diet low in sugars and refined carbohydrates may be important in preventing candida vaginitis by providing less fuel for its reproduction and growth. In general, a well balanced whole foods diet that is low in fat, sugars, refined foods and alcohol is most likely optimal in preventing all infections. Some women who have severe stubborn cases of chronic candida vaginitis may benefit from stricter diets that avoid fermented foods. These "anti-candida" diets can be rigorous and stressful and most of the time are not necessary.

 Boric Acid:Nothing impresses me more than the success rate of boric acid suppositories for the treatment of Candida vulvovaginal infections. In one study of 100 women with chronic resistent yeast infections who had failed extensive and prolonged conventional therapy, were treated with 600mg boric acid vaginal suppositories twice a day for two weeks or four weeks. This regimen was effective in curing 98% of the women who had previously failed to respond to the most commonly used antifungal agents.Clinical effectiveness doesn't really get any better than this: It works most of the time, it's inexpensive, it's easy to use. The only down side I have observed is that if the tissue has been irritated enough by the infection, the boric acid as the capsule melts, can cause burning. Using vitamin E oil or lanolin or even vaseline on the external genitalia to protect it from the boric acid seems to avert any significant discomfort.
 Fill 00 gelatincaps with boric acid USP from the drugstore and insert one in the vagina nightly before bed 14 times in a row. The Journal of Reproductive Medicine reports this cured 98% of women with chronic yeast infections, none of whom had responded to drugs.
 Sunlight kills yeast. Spread ¡¯em! Be inventive, but discreet.

 The B vitamin complex is generally low in women with chronic yeast infections. Best food sources of B vitamins are meat, whole grains, and beans. Nourishing herbal infusions of red clover and oatstraw are also high in B vitamins.

 Tea tree oil (Melucca alternafolia) is widely used and often one of the first remedies recommended by alternative practitioners faced with bacterial and fungal infections. Tea tree oil is especially effective against antibiotic-resistant bacteria; it is a powerful antifungal. Essential oils (EO), including tea tree, are highly concentrated, and therefore dangerous. Essential oils are drugs, not herbs; they require great care in their use. Tea tree oil can burn sensitive vaginal tissues, inflame the cervix, and devastate protective bacteria and yeasts while getting rid of the bad ones. For safety, always dilute tea tree oil or use a prepared cream with no more than 1% EO.

 

  Golden Seal Bladder Infection & Urinary Tract Combinations:

 A simple way got as following for treatment of Bladder Infection & Urinary Tract Disease:
 Cranberry extract.30 mgs
 Aloe Vera extract. 100 mgs
 Juniper berries extract.(Juniperus communis) 25 mgs
 Goldenseal extract.(Hydrastis canadensis) 25 mgs
 Bearberry extract.(Uva ursi) extract 15 mgs.

 This recipes fit for folloiwng scopes: Women with a history of reoccurring bladder and urinary tract infections.Individuals susceptible to antibiotic resistant bacteria.Children suffering from bladder infections.Individuals exhibiting a history of low immunity.
 Take 1 dose daily for 10 days for maximum therapeutic benefit; then continue one to two tablets daily as a preventative. For children under 12 years, administer one tablet twice daily for 10 days.


  Natural Preservatives and antimicrobials:

 Preservatives and antimicrobial agents are important to control and inhibit the growth of microorganisms in topical products. While most commonly-used preservatives and microbial agents are synthetic, consumers are increasingly interested in eliminating the use of synthetic compounds because of confirmed and perceived concerns such as carcinogenicity, teratogenicity, or liver, kidney, heart and neurological problems.

 Therefore, manufacturers are striving to develop natural products containing all natural ingredients. Plant materials may prove a viable alternative to synthetic preservatives, as they are a significant source of active constituents with a high level of antimicrobial activity. Consumers consider these materials less toxic and more beneficial to the body than synthetics, and their use is consistent with the all-natural concept fueling the personal care and cosmeceutical industries.

 Various herbal and plant compositions are already recognized for their antimicrobial benefits by institutions such as the Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) and European Inventory of Existing Commercial/ Chemical Substances (EINECS) (see list below). Plant components have been used historically for their health benefits, which provides insight into possible design and sales concepts; plant components also have strong scientific validation supporting their active role as antimicrobials.


 An ideal case study is oregano. The ancient Greek's name for this plant, Oreganos, translates to "delight of the mountains." Oregano is experiencing a renaissance in consumer popularity and recognition as a value-added component. There are, however, many plants throughout the world called "oregano," including marjoram (Origanum majorana), Spanish oregano (Thymus nummulariu) and Mexican oregano (Lippia graveolens). This can pose a challenge to formulators, as different species have different chemical constituents and different levels of those constituents.

 True oregano, Origanum vulgare, contains more than 50 compounds that possess antimicrobial actions, including the highest levels of the active compounds carvacrol and thymol, compared to other species. Oregano oil has been used traditionally as an antifungal,antimicrobial, and even for gum care and canker sores.


 Another effective traditional botanical is olive leaf (Oleuro europa). Olive leaf has traditionally been referenced as a mythological symbol, nutritional food and healing medicinal plant. The outstretched olive branch is a well-known sign of peace. In Genesis (8:11), Noah is told of the nearness of land when a dove flies over the ark with an olive leaf in her mouth. The Egyptians extolled the leaf as a symbol of cosmic power.

 Increasingly, researchers recognize that in addition to the olive fruit and olive oil, the leaf of the olive tree also has health benefits.Olive leaf contains several active constituents, including oleuropein, triterpenes, and flavonoids such as rutin, with antioxidant effects.Olive leaf extract has many applications for the cosmetic industry due to its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial actions. Oleuropein, a bitter compound, affords the olive tree a marked resistance to insects, bacteria and other parasites. Its use for helping with human health issues can be found in past medical literature; The Pharmaceutical Journal published an antimalarial recipe in 1854 made from olive leaves and wine. One isolate of oleuropein, elenolic acid, has been shown in vitro to inhibit the growth of an incredible array of pathogens, including bacteria, yeasts and viruses, without toxicity.


  Making the Right Choice:

 Natural preservatives must possess high antimicrobial activity, have minimal toxicity, and not compromise the desirable physical characteristics of a topical or cosmetic product. Recognizing the market demand for efficacious natural preservatives, Bio- Botanica developed three all-natural preservatives utilizing a proprietary combination of certain botanical extracts, now covered by a U.S. patent (No. 7,214,392 B2;"Process and composition for inhibiting growth of microorganisms").

 These natural preservatives provide a balanced, synergistic combination of botanical fractions possessing potent antimicrobial activity against a broad spectrum of organisms, including possible pathogenic organisms (i.e., Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, Salmonella typhimurim, Candida albicans, etc.).

 Investigations into natural preservatives have the potential to develop a new generation of highly efficacious ingredients. Tapping into the array of botanical powerhouses developed by Mother Nature will allow companies to meet rising consumer demand.

  CAS/EINECS Registered Botanicals:

 Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylancium bark extract): CAS RN: 84649-98-9; EINECS RN: 283-479-0
 Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis root extract): CAS RN: 84603-60-1; EINECS RN: 283-261-5
 Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia flower extract): CAS RN: 90063-37-9; EINECS RN: 289-995-2
 Lemon (Citrus medica limonum peel extract): CAS RN: 8008-56-8; EINECS RN: 284-515-8
 Olive (Oleuro europa leaf extract): CAS RN: 8060-295-5; EINECS RN: 232-277-0
 Oregano (Origanum vulgare leaf extract): CAS RN: 84012-24-8; EINECS RN: 281-670-3
 Peppermint (Mentha piperta leaf extract): CAS RN: 84082-70-2; EINECS RN:282-015-4
 Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis leaf extract): CAS RN: 84604-14-8; EINECS RN:283-291-9
 Thyme (Thymus vulgaris extract): CAS RN: 84929-51-1; EINECS RN: 284-535-7


 

   Dosage,Safety and Suggestions:

  How Much Goldenseal Should I Supplement?:

 As a dietary supplement, 500mg of Golden Seal is used 2-3 times daily; higher amounts are used at the onset of symptoms of the above conditions, as both Echinacea and Goldenseal will inhibit the effectiveness of hyaluronidase, an enzyme secreted by microbes to dissolve mucous membranes and thusly gain entry into your body.

 A typical dose of goldenseal is 250mg to 500mg three times per day. It can also be used topically in creams and ointments to heal skin wounds.Goldenseal herbal tincture can be used as a mouthwash or gargle for mouth sores and sore throats. A tea made of goldenseal can also be used for this purpose, made by boiling 0.5 g to 1 g in a cup of water.

 Most people take 4-6 grams of powdered goldenseal root and rhizome supplements per day as tablets or capsules.For liquid herbal extracts, 4-6 ml are used.
 Continuous use should not exceed three weeks, with a break of at least two weeks between use. Goldenseal powder as a tea or tincture may soothe a sore throat.
 Capsules or tablets: 500 - 2,000 mg, up to 3 times daily
 Standardized extract: 30 - 120 mg, up to 3 times daily
 Tinctures (1:5): 3 - 7 mL, daily
 For disinfecting cuts, scrapes, boils, and acne: Place goldenseal liquid extract on a clean cloth, and press the cloth gently on the affected area.
 For earaches: Mix with olive oil and use as eardrops.
 For sore throat, gums, or mouth, make a mouthwash as follows: In one cup of warm water, mix 1/4 tsp salt and 1/2 tsp (or the contents of one capsule) of goldenseal powder. (It will not dissolve completely.) Rinse and expectorate (spit out).
 For vaginal irritation, make a goldenseal douche as follows: Mix 1/4 tsp salt and 1/2 tsp (or the contents of one capsule) of goldenseal powder in 1 cup of warm water. Let the mixture settle, and strain out any suspended particles before using it. (Keep the mixture as clean as you can.) Over-douching can make you more susceptible to certain kinds of vaginal infections. See your health care provider if your symptoms do not improve after a few days.
 For eye infections and irritations, make an eyewash as follows: Use one cup of sterile water with 1/4 tsp salt and 1/2 tsp goldenseal (or the contents of one capsule), and strain out all particles. Discard if the solution becomes cloudy, which indicates bacterial growth or spoilage.

  Pediatric Dosage: Adjust the recommended adult dose to account for the child's weight. Most herbal dosages for adults are calculated on the basis of a 150 lb (70 kg) adult. Therefore, if the child weighs 50 lb (20 - 25 kg), the appropriate dose of goldenseal for this child would be 1/3 of the adult dosage.


  Medicinal Uses:

 Goldenseal contains hydrastine and berberine which give it antibiotic, anti-inflammatory, alternative laxative and tonic properties. It has been traditionally used for such ailments as eye inflammations, cancer, high blood pressure, skin and liver diseases.

 The thick yellow root of this herb was originally used by the Cherokees, a Native American tribe, as a tonic for indigestion and in the treatment of cancer; other Native American tribes used it for liver disorders, fevers, and heart problems. The remedy was proved in 1875 by Dr. Hale, an American homeopath.

 Ailments of the mucous membranes, such as phlegm, sinus congestion, sore throats, and taste disorders are treated with this remedy. Hydrastis is also used for stomach complaints in which digestion is weak and characteristically the stomach feels empty but is not relieved by eating. There may be constipation without urging. This remedy is useful for people who have suffered weight loss due to chronic degenerative diseases.


  Safety of Goldenseal:

 Taken as recommended, goldenseal is generally safe. However, as with all alkaloid-containing plants, high amounts may lead to gastrointestinal distress and possible nervous system effects. Goldenseal is not recommended for pregnant or lactating women.

 Goldenseal herbal safety...some possible adverse effects of goldenseal include but are not limited to: nausea and diarrhea. Consuming the plant fresh (as opposed to an herbal supplement form) can irritate mucous tissues and possibly cause respiratory problems.

 Goldenseal should not be taken continuously. Some herbalists believe you should only take it when you're coming down with a cold, flu, or illness; while others suggest that it be cycled by taking it for three weeks and then discontinued for the same length of time, etc.
 Do not use continuously for more than 1 week without consulting a physician.
 Pregnant or nursing women, as always, should refrain from using goldenseal root.
 In addition, if you have high blood pressure, diabetes, heart disease, or glaucoma, make sure you avoid this herb...the effects of goldenseal are such that it may increase blood pressure.
 It is possible there are other issues with goldenseal herbal safety, so make sure you always speak with your physician before taking supplements or herbal remedies of any kind, especially if you have an existing medical condition.

 Goldenseal Root is an herb that has been used for centuries as a natural antibiotic to fight infections, particularly of the mucous membranes including conjunctivitis. Clinical trials demonstrate conclusively that goldenseal kills many harmful bacteria. The golden, yellow root of this plant gives it its name. Goldenseal Root has antibiotic properties stronger than many prescription medicines and is able to target "unwanted" bacteria, as well as protozoa and yeasts. Goldenseal Root is unique in that it does not harm the "beneficial" bacteria that are necessary in the digestive tract. The alkaloid berberine has the added benefit of increasing blood flow through the spleen, where it also increases the immune-building activity of the large supply of white blood cells there. By many herbalists Goldenseal Root is considered one of the most powerful herbs. It is a substitute for quinine. Goldenseal Root is one of the most effective remedies for inflamed and catarrhal conditions of the mucus membranes. Goldenseal Root has the ability to heal mucus membranes anywhere in the body (bronchial tubes, throat, intestines, stomach, etc.).


  Caution and Precautions:

 Small children and pregnant and nursing Women should only use this herbal remedy under the guidance of a physician.Those with hypoglycemia should avoid taking the root internally, but can safely use it as a mouthwash, eyewash or douche. Pregnant women should avoid using goldenseal until they have delivered. It should also not be used for more than two months at a time as it can interfere with the colon's ability to manufacture vitamin B.It is inappropriate for newborn babies.

 The use of herbs is a time-honored approach to strengthening the body and treating disease. Herbs, however, contain components that can trigger side effects and interact with other herbs, supplements, or medications. For these reasons, herbs should be taken with care, under the supervision of a health care provider qualified in the field of botanical medicine.

 Pregnant or breastfeeding women as well as those with high blood pressure should avoid using goldenseal. Pregnant or nursing women should not use Goldenseal nor any other herb containing berberine. Goldenseal may limit the efficacy of anticoagulants (aspirin, blood thinners, Coumadin, etc.), and may also interfere with tetracycline antibiotics. Excessive use (many times the recommended dosage) may cause vomiting, diarrhea, diarrhea, lethargy, skin, eye or kidney irritation, nosebleed, lowered blood pressure and lowered heart rate. Because Goldenseal may lower blood sugars, people with diabetes should use it only under the supervision of a physician. Do not use Goldenseal if you have a glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency without consulting a doctor. Those who suffer hyperthyroid conditions, high blood pressure or epilepsy should avoid this product. Goldenseal should not be taken for prolonged periods; it can be poisonous if used too much.

 Goldenseal can irritate the skin, mouth, throat, and vagina. It can also reduce the number of "good" bacteria in the digestive system, which can cause nausea and diarrhea. Goldenseal may also cause an increased sensitivity to sunlight.

 Goldenseal may interfere with the metabolism and effectiveness of certain medications. Do not use goldenseal if you are taking prescription or non-prescription medications unless you are under the supervision of a qualified health care provider.

 Pregnant women should avoid goldenseal because of evidence that it can stimulate uterine contractions in animals.People with heart conditions, bleeding abnormalities, and epilepsy are advised to avoid goldenseal because of its potential to cause serious adverse reactions.Despite its history as an eyewash, goldenseal solution should not be placed in the eyes.


  Who Should Consider Goldenseal:For What Is Goldenseal Used?

 Famous for use against sore throat and Strep throat
 High in berberines, Goldenseal is a powerful anti-inflammatory and antibiotic specific for mucous membrane infection, sore throat, gastritis, colitis, or cleansing. Externally it may be used as a wash for eye infection, skin infection, vaginitis.
 Effective against bladder infections
 Effective against protozoa, bacteria, and fungi, including Candida albicans

  Side Effects of Goldenseal:

 Goldenseal contains berberine, a mild oxytocic (stimulates contractions of the uterus) and should not be used by pregnant women. Goldenseal is contraindicated in pregnancy and hypertension; adverse effects with normal doses are rare.Otherwise there are none.

  Possible Interactions:

 A few studies report interactions between berberine (a major component of goldenseal) and prescription or non-prescription medicines. One study reported that berberine may decrease the effectiveness of tetracycline antibiotics. Other laboratory studies report that berberine may alter liver metabolism, potentially affecting the levels of medications processed in the liver. Several studies actually report that goldenseal itself does not interact with medicines metabolized by the liver (including an antiviral drug used in HIV infection and digoxin). However, if you are taking prescription or non-prescription medications, do not use goldenseal unless you are under the supervision of a qualified health care provider.


  Practitioners' Advice:

 The herb is recommended in chronic respiratory tract infections, however, it is not traditionally recommended in acute respiratory tract infections. In other words, if you have a cough or a cold, do not use it. It should be reserved for those with ongoing problems with their respiratory tract and specifically when this includes chronic overproduction of mucous. Chronic sinusitis, rhinitis, tonsillitis, and bronchitis are examples of conditions where it helps. Chronic hay fever is another instance where it can make a real difference. When the mucous membranes just pump out mucous unnecessarily, it can be used to good effect. People who sound like they have corks stuck in their nostrils are good examples of people benefited by its use.


 However, having said that, herbal medicine is about getting to the root of the problem. More often than not, there is a simple thing one can do to get these mucous membrane inflammations to go away. A little known but common cause of respiratory ills is the consumption of dairy products. If you really are tired of having chronic respiratory infections, remove all dairy products from your diet. You see, the minute you take them into your body, your mucous membranes start pumping out mucus. If your sinuses don¡¯t drain well, that mucus is going to get stuck in them, and you know what comes next. The same is true for all respiratory conditions build on mucous over production. They are made worse by the consumption of dairy products. We have seen hundreds of patients whose condition disappears when they abstain from dairy products. Get rid of the dairy, you may need nothing else.

  Toxicology:

 Very high doses of goldenseal may rarely induce nausea, anxiety, depression, seizures, or paralysis. Hydrastine was once used as a uterine hemostatic, but was found inferior to ergot in the treatment of postpartum hemorrhage. Goldenseal is generally contraindicated for use in pregnancy. Because of hypenensive actions of the alkaloids, it is also contraindicated in cardiovascular patients.

 To avoid toxicity do not take large doses of goldenseal. Regular use should not exceed three weeks. Do not give goldenseal to children or pregnant women. Nausea and diarrhea are among goldenseals negative side effects as well as anxiety, stomach cramps, and vomiting. In extreme cases respiratory depression, heart murmurs, or paralysis may occur. These more dangerous results are very rare.

 Do not combine goldenseal with blood thinners, alcohol, or beta blockers.


   Goldenseal History:
 

 Goldenseal root was used medicinally by American Indians of the Cherokee, Catawba, Iroquois, and Kickapoo tribes as an insect repellent, a diuretic, a stimulant, and a wash for sore or inflamed eyes.It was used to treat arrow wounds and ulcers,as well as to produce a yellow dye. Early settlers learned of these uses from the Indians and the root found its way into most 19th century pharmacopeias.

 Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) is one of the most popular herbs sold on the American market. But why is it so popular? What is it used for? And where is the science to back it up? Answers to those questions are as ambiguous as the scientific literature on the plant. One of the big questions facing the future of goldenseal is whether there is enough supply, especially of wild-harvested root, to meet the demand.


 Golden seal is found growing in shady woods, in rich soils, and damp meadows in different parts of the United States and Canada, but is more abundant west of the Alleghanies. It flowers in May and June. The root is the officinal part. Its virtues are imparted to water or alcohol. The root is of a beautiful yellow color, and when fresh is juicy, and used by the Indians to color their clothing, etc.

 Western knowledge of goldenseal begins about 200 years ago. Benjamin Smith Barton's Essays Towards a Materia Medica of the United States (published in three parts from 1798 to 1804) is one of the first sources of information on goldenseal. In the first part of his Essays in 1798 he observed that the Cherokee used it as a folk cancer remedy, which is also one of the earliest observations of the occurrence and treatment of cancer among American Indian groups. An important historical use of goldenseal root is as an eye wash for various eye problems, such as conjunctivitis. In the third part of his Essays (1804), Barton notes use as a bitter tonic (in "spirituous infusion") and as a wash for eye inflammations in a cold water infusion. "The Hydrastis is a popular remedy in some parts of the United States, " he observed nearly two hundred years ago.

 Use of goldenseal arises from American Indian usage. The Cherokee used the roots as a wash for local inflammations, a decoction for general debility, dyspepsia, and to improve appetite. The Iroquois used a decoction of the root for whooping cough, diarrhea, liver disease, fever, sour stomach, flatulence, pneumonia, and, with whiskey, for heart trouble.


 By the late 1700s, it was popularly used as a bitter stomach digestive (to help stimulate digestion and improve appetite), to treat skin inflammations, and those of the eyes. It was also used for inflammation of the mucous membranes of the throat and digestive system. It's popularity as an "herbal antibiotic" has continued to the present day, despite the fact that there has been little scientific research on the plant. Those who know it by reputation, however, swear by its use.

 Unfortunately, one aspect of goldenseal that has driven the market in recent years is the notion that goldenseal will somehow affect the outcome of urinalysis for drug testing. This practice is a part of American folk culture, evolving from a novel by pharmacist John Uri Lloyd. Stringtown on the Pike, the most popular of his eight novels, was published in 1900. In the plot goldenseal bitters are erroneously mistaken for strychnine in a chemical test by an "expert" chemical witness in a murder trial. The accused murderer is convicted on the testimony, though the stomach of the deceased did not contain strychnine at all, but goldenseal, from the victim's morning habit of drinking digestive bitters. As a result, goldenseal became a part of American folklore associated with chemical testing errors. It has been used on occasions in this century to an attempt to mask the use of morphine in race horses (without success). Because of the practice of ingesting goldenseal to affect the outcome of drug testing, some drug testing labs are now testing for presence of goldenseal in urinalysis. If this use of goldenseal subsided, it would return to a more rational place in herbal medicine as an antiinflammatory and antibiotic.

 The Eclectic medical movement was particularly enthusiastic in its adoption of goldenseal for gonorrhea and urinary tract infections. The widespread harvesting of Hydrastis in the 19th century, coupled with loss of habitat, resulted in depletion of wild populations.


 In 1997, Hydrastis was listed under Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), which controls exports of the root to other countries. The final listing included roots or live plants but excluded finished products. As an alternative to wild harvesting, goldenseal was cultivated in the Skagit Valley of Washington state and is being promoted as a cash crop in New York ,North Carolina and Canada. Because of its high price, goldenseal, like other expensive herbs, has often been adulterated. Common adulterants include species of Coptis and Xanthorrhiza,both of which also contain large amounts, of the yellow alkaloid berberine. The popular notion that goldenseal can be used to affect the outcome of urinalysis for illicit drugs evolved from the novel Stringtown on the Pike by pharmacist John Uri Lloyd, in which goldenseal bitters are mistaken for strychnine in a simple alkaloid test by an expert witness in a murder trials Goldenseal can be variously ingested prior to testing added to the urine sample after collection. It is one of several adulterants commonly detected in urinalysis samples.

 

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