Arabinogalactan Research Update:Larch (Larix occidentalis) and Arabinogalactan:Anti-Metastatic and Immune Stimulant natural source.Arabinogalactan Extract.Larix occidentalis Nutt.western larch.10:1.L-arabinofuranose unit or 3-O-(beta-L-arabinopyranosyl)-alfa-L-arabinofuranosyl units.Narrative.MDidea Extracts Professional.

Arabinogalactan Extract.Larix occidentalis Nutt.western larch.10:1.L-arabinofuranose unit or 3-O-(beta-L-arabinopyranosyl)-alfa-L-arabinofuranosyl units photo picture image img

Phytochemical info of Arabinogalactan Research Update

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Arabinogalactan Research Update:

An arabinogalactan isolated from the medicinal plant Maytenus ilicifolia.:J Nat Prod. 2004 Apr;67(4):703-6.

An arabinogalactan was obtained from the leaves of Maytenus ilicifolia by hot aqueous 2% KOH extraction, followed by a freezing-thawing process and anion-exchange chromatography. It consisted of arabinose, galactose, galacturonic acid, and rhamnose in a 69:20:6:5 molar ratio.

An arabinogalactan from the skin of Opuntia ficus-indica prickly pear fruits.:Carbohydr Res. 2004 Apr 28;339(6):1201-5.

cold-water extract from the skin of Opuntia ficus-indica fruits was fractionated by anion-exchange chromatography. The major fraction, which was purified by size exclusion chromatography, consisted of a polysaccharide composed of galactose and arabinose residues in the ratio 6.3:3.3, with traces of rhamnose, xylose and glucose, but no uronic acid.

No long-term benefits of supplementation with arabinogalactans on serum lipids and glucose.:J Am Diet Assoc. 2004 Apr;104(4):636-9.

We conducted a 6-month randomized, double-blind, parallel trial in which subjects consumed their usual diet plus arabinogalactan, a functional fiber isolated from either larch or tamarack. Healthy human subjects (28 men, 26 women) ages 18 to 55 years old consumed 8.4 g/day larch arabinogalactan (n=18), tamarack arabinogalactan (n=19), or a placebo of rice starch (n=17). Serum cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein B, apolipoprotein A-I, glucose, and insulin were measured monthly. Three-day food records, body weight, blood pressure, and gastrointestinal symptom surveys were obtained monthly. Serum lipids seemed to decrease at month 2, but there were no statistically significant differences among diets for any measured endpoint. Arabinogalactan is a recognized soluble fiber and is currently being used in products because it is not viscous, is easily incorporated into foods and beverages, and is well accepted by consumers.

Antimicrobial activity of Andrographis paniculata.:Fitoterapia. 2003 Dec;74(7-8):692-4.

The antimicrobial activity of aqueous extract, andrographolides and arabinogalactan proteins from Andrographis paniculata were evaluated. The aqueous extract showed significant antimicrobial activity, which may be due to the combined effect of the isolated arabinogalactan proteins and andrographolides.

Effect over time of in-vivo administration of the polysaccharide arabinogalactan on immune and hemopoietic cell lineages in murine spleen and bone marrow.:Phytomedicine. 2003 Mar;10(2-3):145-53.

Current evidence indicates an immunostimulating role for complex carbohydrates, i.e., polysaccharides, from several plant sources. In the present work, we determined the specific in vivo effects, with time of administration, of one such compound, a neutral arabinogalactan from larch not only on immune (lymphoid) cells, but also on natural killer (NK) lymphoid cells, as well as a variety of other hemopoietic cells in both the bone marrow and spleen of healthy, young adult mice. The latter were injected daily (i.p.) with arabinogalactan (500 microg in 0.1 ml pH 7.2 phosphate buffered saline-PBS) for 7 or 14 days. Additional, aged (1 1/2-2 yr) mice were similarly injected for 14 days only. Control mice were given the PBS vehicle in all cases, following the above injection regimen. Animals from all groups were sampled 24 h after the final injection and the immune and hemopoietic cell populations in the bone marow and spleen were assessed quantitatively. The results indicated that immediately following either 7 or 14 days of arabinogalactan administration to young, adult mice, lymphoid cells in the bone marrow were significantly decreased (p < 0.004; p < 0.001, respectively) relative to controls but remained unchanged at both time intervals in the spleen. NK cells, after 7 days of arabinogalactan exposure, were also decreased significantly in the bone marrow (p < 0.02), but unchanged in the spleen. After 14 days' exposure to the polysaccharide, NK cells in the bone marrow had returned to normal (control) levels, but were increased in the spleen (p < 0.004) to levels greater than 2-fold that of control. Among other hemopoietic cell lineages, none was influenced in the bone marrow or spleen by one-week administration of arabinogalactan; however, after two-week exposure, precursor myeloid cells and their mature (functional) progeny (granulocytes), were significantly reduced in the spleen, as were splenic monocytes. These lineages in the bone marrow, however, remained steadfastly unaltered even after 14 days of continuous exposure to the agent. Of the vast cascade of cytokines induced in the presence of this polysaccharide, it appears that immunopoiesis- and hemopoiesis-inhibiting ones are most prevalent during at least the first two weeks of daily exposure.

Immunological activity of larch arabinogalactan and Echinacea: a preliminary, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.:Altern Med Rev. 2002 Apr;7(2):138-49.

The immunomodulating effects of two Echinacea species, E. purpurea and E. angustifolia and larch arabinogalactan extracted from Larix occidentalis were examined in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, prospective four-week clinical trial at a naturopathic medical school research center. SUBJECTS/MATERIALS: Forty-eight healthy female volunteers (22-51 y) were randomly assigned to one of six groups: standardized extract of E. purpurea (EP); ultra-refined E. purpurea/E. angustifolia (urEPA); E. purpurea/E. angustifolia (EPA); E. purpurea/E. angustifolia plus larch arabinogalactan (EPALA); larch arabinogalactan; or placebo. METHODS: Immunological tests with enumerative measurements, stool cultures for Lactobacillus acidophilus and yeast, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) using the Medical Outcomes Study derived SF-36 self-administered questionnaire were assessed at baseline and at four weeks. RESULTS: Complement properdin increased by 21 percent in the EPA group and by 18 percent in the EPALA group (p<0.05), compared to the placebo group (p>0.05). SF-36 showed improvements in overall physical health, vitality, and emotional health in the same two groups (EPA and EPALA). DISCUSSION: Volunteers in the EPA and EPALA groups had increased production of complement properdin after four weeks of intervention. The increased complement properdin may be an indication of one aspect of immune system stimulation in patients treated with either E. purpurea/E. angustifolia or E. purpurea/E. angustifolia plus larch arabinogalactan.

Effects of dietary arabinogalactan on gastrointestinal and blood parameters in healthy human subjects.:J Am Coll Nutr. 2001 Aug;20(4):279-85.

Arabinogalactan is a non-digestible soluble dietary fiber that resists hydrolytic enzyme action and enters the large bowel intact where it is fermented by resident microflora. To determine whether Arabinogalactan has similar physiological properties to other soluble dietary fibers, we examined the effect of 15 and 30 g per day of a commercially available AG from Western Larch on several gastrointestinal and blood parameters. METHODS: Gastrointestinal parameters included fecal microflora, fecal enzyme activity, fecal short-chain fatty acids, fecal pH, fecal weight, transit time and bowel frequency. Blood parameters included total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, Apo-A1, Apo-B, glucose and insulin. The study consisted of two three-week diet treatments with no washout period. Participants (n=20, 11 males, 9 females) consumed their usual diet in addition to 15 or 30 g Arabinogalactan in a beverage sweetened with aspartame as compared to their usual diet with the control beverage. RESULTS: Significant increases in total fecal anaerobes were observed with 15 g and 30 g Arabinogalactan . A significant increase (p=0.02) in Lactobacillus spp. was observed when subjects consumed Arabinogalactan for a total of six weeks regardless of dose. There were no significant changes in other microflora, fecal enzyme activity, transit time, frequency, fecal weight, fecal pH and short-chain fatty acids. Fecal ammonia levels decreased with 15 g and 30 g Arabinogalactan. No significant changes in blood lipids or blood insulin were observed. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that dietary Arabinogalactan is easily incorporated into the diet, well tolerated in subjects and has some positive effects on fecal chemistry. arabinogalactan larch.

Scientific References:

1.Arabinogalactan Research Update:

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Claims: Information this web site presented is meant for Nutritional Benefit and as an educational starting point only, for use in maintenance and promotion good health in cooperation with a common knowledge base reference...Furthermore,it based solely on the traditional and historic use or legend of a given herb from the garden of Adonis. Although every effort has been made to ensure its accurate, please note that some info may be outdated by more recent scientific developments......

Pharmakon Warning: The order of knowledge is not the transparent order of forms and ideas,as one might be tempted retrospectively to interpret it; it is the antidote....(Dissemination,Plato's Pharmacy,II.The Ingredients:Phantasms,Festivals,and Paints;138cf. Jacques Derrida.).

And as it happens,the technique of imitation,along with the production of the simulacrum,has always been in Plato's eyes manifestly magical,thaumaturgical:......and the same things appear bent and straight to those who view them in water and out,or concave and convex,owing to similar errors of vision about colors, and there is obviously every confusion of this sort in our souls.And so scene painting (skiagraphia) in its exploitation of this weakness of four nature falls nothing short of witchcraft (thaumatopoia), and so do jugglery and many other such contrivances.(Republic X,602c-d;cf.also 607c).