Apple and Apple Phytochemicals,how strange a common fruit so magic use?

article content dot Contents:To Footer

applications dot Apple Polyphenol:toxicology and safety.

Apple Peel extract INCI Name Pyrus Malus Extract CAS 89957-48-2 EINECS ELINCS No 289-567-5 Apple extract.Malus sylvestris ext.Green Apple Peel extract.Red Apple Peel extract Polyphenol Proanthocyanidin B2 photo picture image Safety and Acute toxicity:

 General Safety Status: Apple polyphenol extracts are listed ("apple essence, natural") in the FDA's approved additive/GRAS (Generally Recognized As Safe) database.Researchers found that apple polyphenol extracts are safe, even at concentrations 200 times the recommended human dosage.

 Acute toxicity(LD50):Procyanidin B-2 [epicatechin-(4beta --> 8)-epicatechin]

 LD50-Lethal dose,50 percent kill.Rat.Subcutaneous.2000 mg/kg. (subcutaneous injection)

 Primary irritation tests using rabbits indicated that procyanidin B-2 containing preparation shows no primary irritation. In the guinea pig maximization test, there was no evidence of sensitization to procyanidin B-2.In primary ocular irritation tests using rabbits, procyanidin B-2 containing preparation and vehicle showed slight irritation of conjunctivae which is assumed to be caused by ethanol. It is suggested that topical procyanidin B-2 is safe and acceptable from the series of toxicological tests.
 Reference:Food Chem Toxicol. 1999 May;37(5):545-52.PMID: 10456683.

 Longterm Use: Apple polyphenol extract has strong antioxidant activity and various physiological functions, and is used as a food additive and nutritional supplements. Here, we tested the consumption safety of Applephenon, which is a polyphenol extract produced from unripe apples. The Ames test without S9 mixture revealed that Applephenon, had slight mutagenicity at a high concentration of 2500 microg/plate; however, both chromosomal aberration test and the micronucleus test found no significant mutagenicity. Furthermore, an acute oral-toxicity test, and a 90-day subchronic-toxicity test showed no significant hematological, clinical, chemical, histopathological, or urinary effects at a dose of 2000 mg/kg. These results confirm that Applephenon is safe and no toxic at average dietary level.
 Reference:Food Chem Toxicol. 2004 Jun;42(6):959-67.PMID: 15110105.

 Toxicological studies on procyanidin B-2 for external application as a hair growing agent.:

 Procyanidin B-2 [epicatechin-(4beta --> 8)-epicatechin] is one of condensed tannin that exists widely in plants. We have reported previously that procyanidin B-2 possesses hair epithelial cell growth-promoting activity and stimulates anagen induction in hair cycle progression.

 To evaluate the safety of topical procyanidin B-2 as a hair growing agent, we examined the mutagenicity, acute subcutaneous injection, primary irritation, skin sensitization, and eye irritation of this compound. Mutagenicity tests using bacteria showed procyanidin B-2 to be non-mutagenic. Chromosomal aberration tests using CHL cells indicated that procyanidin B-2 caused polyploidy but no structural aberrations. In micronucleus tests for mutagenicity using mice, procyanidin B-2 was negative.

 Acute subcutaneous injection study using rats revealed no symptoms of significant injury. The lethal dose of procyanidin B-2 is greater than 2000 mg/kg (subcutaneous injection). Primary irritation tests using rabbits indicated that procyanidin B-2 containing preparation shows no primary irritation. In the guinea pig maximization test, there was no evidence of sensitization to procyanidin B-2.

 In primary ocular irritation tests using rabbits, procyanidin B-2 containing preparation and vehicle showed slight irritation of conjunctivae which is assumed to be caused by ethanol. It is suggested that topical procyanidin B-2 is safe and acceptable from the series of toxicological tests.
 Reference:Food Chem Toxicol. 1999 May;37(5):545-52.PMID: 10456683.

Last PageNext Page

reference dot Reference:

citations 1.Apple and Apple Phytochemicals,how strange a common fruit so magic use?
To Top

last edit date:8th,Mar.2010.
 Available Product
  • Name:Apple Peel extract
  • Serie No:P007.
  • Specifications:10:1 TLC
  • INCI Name:PYRUS MALUS EXTRACT
  • EINECS/ELINCS No.:289-567-5
  • CAS: 89957-48-2
  • Chem/IUPAC Name:Pyrus Malus Extract is an extract of the fruit of the apple,Pyrus malus,Rosaceae
 Supplying Conditions

Apple Peel extract INCI Name Pyrus Malus Extract CAS 89957-48-2 EINECS ELINCS No 289-567-5 Apple extract.Malus sylvestris ext.Green Apple Peel extract.Red Apple Peel extract Polyphenol Proanthocyanidin B2 photo picture image
 product showing  purchase inquiry  Dowload PDF Vendor Sheet  Dowload Word Vendor Sheet

 Correlative Products
 Vote