Coleus Forskohlii is a member of the mint family and is recognized in the world of herbal medicine as the only plant source of the diterpene compound known as forskolin. What makes forskolin so important is its ability to stimulate the synthesis of cyclic AMP, which among other outcomes, triggers the release of fat from fat cells and speeds up metabolism by increasing thermogenesis (the rate at which the body burns calories at rest, emitting it as heat to the environment.) The other agent known to produce a similar effect is ephedrine and its adrenaline-like sister compounds, which are known to have dangerous side effects. Unlike ephedrine, forskolin does not stimulate the nervous system. It is able to increase the release of stored fats, elevate metabolism and increase lean mass by increasing the synthesis of cyclic AMP, without stimulating the central nervous system. Thus, forskolin give you all the fat-burning benefits as ephedrine without the risks or side effects.
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Basic Instruction
Coleus Forskohlii and Forskolin Mechanism of action...
Coleus Forskohlii
Botanical name:Coleus forskohlii
Latin Name:Coleus Forskholii
Family:Labiatae(Lamiaceae,Mint)
Common name:Makandi,Sanskrit
Part used :Root,Raw root powders may have 0.2 to 0.3% forskolin.
Origin&Habitat: A perennial plant which grows widely spread from YunNan Province of China(Dong Chuan), to other areas including Indian plains,Sri Lanka,Nepal,Bhutan,Thailand and North Africa
History: It is also been grown as an ornamental and root is used as a spice.
Tradition: It has been used in India as an Ayurvedic herb
Parts used and where grown: This attractive, perennial member of the mint (Lamiaceae) family originated in the lower elevations of India. It is now grown around the world as an ornamental plant. The root is used medicinally.
Basic Description:
Coleus Forskohlii Extract is produced from the root of Coleus forskohlii, an ancient Ayurvedic plant. Coleus is the source of a unique substance known as forskolin, which nutritionally supports the increase of cyclic-AMP. Cyclic-AMP is involved in many of the body's cellular reactions. This extract is analyzed and guaranteed to contain a minimum of 18% forskolin.
Coleus Forskohlii is an important traditional Ayurvedic herb that has been a part of Indian medicine for centuries. In the 1970s, researchers isolated a chemically active ingredient in the herb and called it forskolin.
Coleus Forskohli is a perennial member of the mint (Lamiaceae) family that was first discovered in the lower elevations of India. It is now grown around the world as an ornamental plant. The root is used for a myriad of medicinal purposes. As recorded in ancient Sanskrit texts, coleus has been used as a medical herb to treat heart and lung diseases, intestinal spasms, insomnia, and convulsions.
Forskolin is a chemical found in the coleus herb that activates the enzyme adenylate cyclase. Andenylate cyclase compound initiates a myriad of critical events and processes within all the cells of the human body. Adenylate cyclase and the chemicals it activates comprise are responsible for executing a number of important hormonal processes. Stimulation that is caused by forskolin suppossedly leads to blood vessel dilation, inhibition of allergic reactions, and possibly an increase secretion of thyroid hormone. Forskolin has other reported uses as well, including inhibition of the pro-inflammatory substance known as platelet-activating factor (PAF)6 and inhibition of the spread of cancer cells.
Some studies in humans have shown that direct application of a special preparation of forskolin to the eyes lowers eye pressure, whereby decreasing the risk of glaucoma. Direct application of the whole herb to the eyes has not been studied and is not recommended by any medical professionals that we know of.
It has been reported that forskolin may may also assist in dilating blood vessels and improving the forcefulness with which the heart pumps blood. Some studies have indicated that forskolin may help to reduce blood pressure and improved heart function in people with cardiomyopathy. However, there is no clear evidence as to whether or not oral supplementation with coleus extracts would be an effectient of way of taking this herb. One study did find evidence that inhaling forskolin could decrease lung spasms for people with asthma.
Historical or traditional use (may or may not be supported by scientific studies): As recorded in ancient Sanskrit texts, coleus was used in Ayurvedic medicine1 to treat heart and lung diseases, intestinal spasms, insomnia, and convulsions.
Phytochemicals and Constituents of Coleus Forskohlii:
Forskolin, a chemical found in coleus, activates the enzyme adenylate cyclase. This enzyme is a turnkey compound that initiates a cascade of critical events within every cell of the body. Adenylate cyclase and the chemicals it activates comprise a ¡°second messenger¡± system that is responsible for carrying out the complex and powerful effects of hormones in the body. Stimulation of the second messenger system by forskolin leads to blood vessel dilation, inhibition of allergic reactions, and an increase in thyroid hormone secretion. Forskolin has other properties as well, including inhibition of the pro-inflammatory substance known as platelet-activating factor (PAF) and inhibition of the spread of cancer cells.
Studies in healthy humans, including at least one double-blind trial, have shown that direct application of an ophthalmic preparation of forskolin to the eyes lowers eye pressure, thus reducing the risk of glaucoma. Direct application of the whole herb to the eyes has not been studied and is not recommended.
Forskolin may help dilate blood vessels and improve the forcefulness with which the heart pumps blood. A preliminary trial found that forskolin reduced blood pressure and improved heart function in people with cardiomyopathy.It is unknown if oral coleus extracts would have the same effect. A small double-blind trial found that inhaled forskolin could decrease lung spasms in asthmatics.11 It is unclear if oral ingestion of coleus extracts will provide similar benefits.
CAS RN:66575-29-9 Beilstein RN:1692716 EG/EC Number 2664109 MDL number MFCD00082317 PubChem Substance ID 24278035.
Solubility DMSO: 5 mg/mL stable at least 6 months at room temperature/ethanol: soluble
Forskolin, is a cell permeable diterpenoid isolated from Coleus forskohlii. Forskolin has a unique ability to stimulate adenylate cyclase activity and increase intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) thus activating cAMP-dependent protein kinase and other cAMP receptor proteins.
Molecular weight 410.5 g/mol. Solubility: Soluble in anhydrous DMSO, acid ethyl ester or 100% ethanol. Purity: >98% (HPLC). Formula C22H34O7.
Biochem/physiol Actions:Cell-permeable diterpenoid that possesses anti-hypertensive, positive inotropic, and adenylyl cyclase activating properties. Many of its biological effects are due to its activation of adenylyl cyclase and the resulting increase in intracellular cAMP concentration.1 Forskolin effects calcium currents and inhibits MAP kinase.
Forskolin ( 7beta-acetoxy-8,13-epoxy-1a,6beta,9alpha-trihydroxylabd- 14-en11-one) is a diterpenoid compound which directly activates adenylate cyclase.
Forskolin may also have a modulating effect on thyroid function as it has been shown to have a mild thyroid stimulating action, which may also help to explain its effectiveness in helping overweight subjects increase their metabolism and thermogenic activity. It is thought that many overweight patients with slow metabolisms may suffer from a sub-clinical, under active thyroid problem that is not detectable using standard blood tests. Supplementation with coleus forskolin may help to overcome that barrier to weight loss in concert with its other fat-burning properties. Forskolin is an extremely safe and non-toxic supplement that can be used to aid in body fat reduction and lean mass gains.
Other Phytochemicals: diterpenoids, deacetylforskolin, 9-deoxyforskolin, 1,9-deoxyforskolin, 1,9-dideoxy-7-deacetylforskolin, along with four minor diterpenoids have also been reported to be present in the roots of Coleus forskohlii.
The diterpene forskolin, derived from the root of the plant, is the primary constituent of clinical interest in Coleusforskohlii.It was discovered by Western scientists in 1974 and was initially referred to as coleonol. Since that time, as other coleonols and diterpenoids have been identified, the name was changed to forskolin. Forskolin is responsible for virtually all pharmacological activities attributed to Coleus forskohlii; extracts of this constituent have been used in nearly all existing studies. There is evidence, however, that other plant constituents, such as volatile oils and other diterpenoids and coleonols, may contribute to the pharmacological activity and absorption of forskolin.Detailed analysis reveals approximately 20 constituents in various parts of the plant, but forskolin and other coleonols are present only in the root portion.
What is Coleus Forskohlii Herb Extract?
Coleus forskohlii belongs to the family Labiatae (Lamiaceae) and grows wild in arid and semi-arid regions of India. In a targeted plant screening programme at Hoescht AG the species was discovered to have pharmacological activities of lowering blood pressure and producing positive inotropic activity. The pharmacological activities were attributed to forskolin, a labdane diterpene, located in root tubers. Forecasts of the requirements of forskolin for drug development indicated the need for a sustained supply of root material in quantities that would threaten the survival of the species in nature. Concern for species conservation and a sustained supply of the root material led to consideration of developing C. forskohlii as a medicinal crop. The focus of the development studies was the increased yield of root tubers and forskolin.
This "power" herb has an active ingredient in it called forskolin. It has been used in ayruvedic medicine for many years. Forskolin's basic mechanism of action is that it increases the amount of cyclic AMP (adenosine monophosphate) in cells by activating an enzyme called adenylate cyclase. Cyclic AMP (cAMP) is one of the most important secondary messengers in the cell. It is considered to be one of the most important cell regulating compounds.
Under normal circumstances, cAMP forms by adenylate cyclase activation due to hormonal stimulation at the cell receptor site. However, forskolin seems to bypass this reaction and allows for an increase in intracellular cAMP to occur. Why is it important to increase cAMP levels? Well, there are several benefits of this to athletes including relaxation of the arteries and smooth muscles, lowering blood pressure, enhanced insulin secretion (which can help drive carbohydrates and protein into muscle cells for energy and recovery), increased thyroid hormone function (which can help enhance metabolic rate), and significantly increase lipolysis (fat burning). Forskolin also seems to benefit other cellular enzymes as well.
The breakdown of fat for fuel (lipolysis) is actually regulated by cAMP. Forskolin has been shown to not only enhance lipolysis but it may also inhibit fat storage from occurring. This is very good news for individuals trying to lose bodyfat and get lean. Another way that forskolin may allow for fat loss to occur is by stimulating thyroid hormone production and release. Thyroid hormone controls metabolism and can enhance metabolic rate, which may translate into more fat loss.
One of the overlooked benefits of forskolin includes its stimulation of digestive enzymes, which can allow individuals to digest and assimilate their food better. It has been shown to increase nutrient absorption in the small intestine.
Forskolin has been shown to be safe and effective and has a great amount of potential as a sports supplement. As with most dietary supplements, more human research is needed but the future looks bright for this compound.
Coleus Forskohlii and Forskolin Mechanism of action:
Forskolin is a diterpene from the roots of the Indian plant Coleus forskohli which directly activates adenylate cyclase and raises cyclic AMP levels in a variety of tissues. Cyclic AMP is an important cell regulating compound. Once formed it activates many other enzymes involved in diverse cellular functions. Under normal situations cAMP is formed when a stimulatory hormone (e.g., epinephrine) binds to a receptor site on the cell membrane and stimulates the activation of adenylate cyclase. This enzyme is incorporated into all cellular membranes and only the specificity of the receptor determines which hormone will activate it in a particular cell. Forskolin appears to bypass this need for direct hormonal activation of adenylate cyclase. As a result of this direct activation of adenylate cyclase, intracellular cAMP levels rise. The physiological and biochemical effects of a raised intracellular cAMP level include: inhibition of platelet activation; inhibition of mast cell degranulation and histamine release; increased force of contraction of heart muscle; relaxation of the arteries and other smooth muscles; increased insulin secretion; and increased thyroid function.
Forskolin's primary mode of action is to increase cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cAMP-mediated functions, via activation of the enzyme adenylate cyclase. Forskolin has been shown to increase cAMP formation in all eukaryotic cells except sperm, without hormonal activation of adenylate cyclase.Forskolin's potentiation of cAMP in turn inhibits basophil and mast cell degranulation and histamine release, lowers blood pressure and intraocular pressure, inhibits platelet aggregation,promotes vasodilation, bronchodilation, and thyroid hormone secretion, and stimulates lipolysis in fat cells. Forskolin also has a positive inotropic action on cardiac tissue via increased cAMP levels.
In addition to its cAMP-stimulating activity, forskolin inhibits the binding of platelet-activating factor (PAF), independently of cAMP formation. This may be a result of forskolin's direct effect on PAF or via interference with PAF binding to receptor sites.Forskolin also appears to have an effect on several membrane transport proteins, and inhibits glucose transport in erythrocytes, adipocytes, platelets, and other cells.
Forskohlin (Coleus forskohlii): Adenylyl cyclase is a target enzyme of multiple G-protein-coupled receptors. Classic adenylyl cyclase inhibitors show an isoform-dependence. Forskolin, a diterpene extract from Coleus forskolii, markedly enhances isoform selectivity via its direct action on adenylyl cyclase to increase the intracellular levels of cyclic AMP. The biochemical mechanism of maintaining or increasing lean body mass is related to the availability of cyclic AMP. By facilitating hormonal action, cyclic AMP may regulate the body¡¯s thermogenic response to food, increase the body¡¯s metabolic rate and increase utilization of body fat (since thermogenesis is preferentially fueled by fatty acids derived from body fat and/or food). This has found applications for Forskohlin in body fat management via nutraceutical delivery systems. Forskohlin, in combination with HCA, could provide novel nutracosmetic formulations for body fat and body shape management.
How it works:
The main argument for using it to drop fat is that the active chemical forskolin initiates a cascade of chemical reactions that cause fat cells to basically release their energy and melt away. In more technical terms, what happens is forskolin increases an enzyme called adenylate cyclase, which increases levels of another enzyme called cAMP (cyclic AMP), which is found in fat. cAMP then stimulates another enzyme, hormone sensitive lipase, to burn fat. Additionally, by a similar mechanism using cAMP, coleus increases thyroid hormone production and release, thereby increasing the body's metabolism, to burn more calories.
Basically, forskolin initiates a similar cascade of chemical reactions as ephedrine. Where coleus differs from ephedrine is ephedrine stimulates adrenergic receptors (which is the primary mechanism for ephedrine, even though this process is not totally accountable for its fat-burning effects) before it reaches cAMP. Unfortunately, many negative side effects can be experienced when some of these adrenergic receptors are stimulated, such as increased blood pressure, anxiety, etc. (This is basically why users of ephedrine-based supplements oftentimes experience unwanted and sometimes dangerous side effects.)
To the coleus user's advantage, however, coleus bypasses the adrenergic receptors and goes straight into the cAMP cycle, which is the next step in the ephedrine fat-burning process and subsequently also bypasses all of the potential unwanted, adverse effects associated with ephedrine. Simply stated, this is like having the option of two journeys driving to work: both will get you to the identical spot, and both will take the same amount of time, but one route (coleus) is a calm country drive with no traffic, whereas the other route (ephedrine) is a busy high-speed motorway with perils and hazards with every lane change... we know which route we prefer!
Brief Coleus forskohlii Supplement Applications:
Forskolin is an extract from the roots of the Coleus forskohlii which directly activates the adenylate cyclase and raises cAMP(Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate) levels in a variety of tissues.
Physiological, biochemical and clinical effects of forskolin include the following:
Scientists have, in fact, studied the effects of coleus for over 15 years and have found an abundance of benefits, including bodyfat reduction and lean body mass enhancement. However, scientists are only now beginning to show how these effects occur in the real world. While more research is indeed needed (as is the case for many supplements), these theories and initial clinical studies adequately support its claimed benefits. Still, there is apparently some even more exciting research on the horizon.
Platelets: inhibition of aggregation
Red blood cells: prevention of membrane lipids peroxidation in hyperglycemia
Adipocytes: increased lipolysis
Pancreas: potentiation of insulin secretion
Thyroid: increase/potentiation THS, T3, T4
HPA axis: increase in CRH, ACTH, steroid genesis
Leydig cells: testosterone production
Cardiovascular system: positive inotropic, chronotropic, and hypotensive effects, and improved coronary blood flow and myocardial functions
Respiratory tract: broncholytic, and anti-asthmatic
Congestive heart failure and angina.
Genitourinary tract: treatment of vasculogenic impotency in men
Eye: decrease in intraocular pressure
Skin: management of cellulite, and psoriasis
Improving cAMP levels without any side effects.
Promotes weight loss,fat loss
Increases lean body mass (muscle)
Improves emotional outlook
Relieves depression Reduces allergies
Asthma (as an anti-histamine)
Treatment for glaucoma (by relieving intraocular pressure via eye drops)
Forskolin (7 beta-acetoxy-8, 13-epoxy-1 alpha,6 beta,9 alpha-trihydroxy-labd-14-ene-11-one) is the main active ingredient in the Ayurvedic herb Coleus forskohlii. Coleus is a member of the mint family and grows in subtropical areas in India, Burma, and Thialand. Forskolin has been extensively researched in the medical field for use in the treatment of allergies, respiratory problems, cardiovascular diseases, glaucoma, psoriasis, hypothyroidism and weight loss. Forskolin increases Cyclic AMP and appears to have additional actions that are due to its ability to alter a number of membrane transport proteins.
New application for Coleus forskohlii: reducing body fat while maintaining lean body mass. While the use of forskolin containing Coleus forskohlii extracts for increasing lean body mass, fat loss and weight loss is a topic that is receiving increased attention of late, it should be noted that this application is covered by a U.S. patent granted to Sabinsa Corp. the use of which claims apply exclusively to the ForsLean? brand of Coleus extracts.
Coleus' New Role and wide applications:
One of the emerging clinical applications for C. forskohlii is for nutritional support in weight management. The rationale for this novel application has been derived from the lipolytic mechanism (a biochemical pathway to metabolize lipids in the body) of forskolin fueled by forskolin-generated cyclic AMP and phosphorylation of hormone sensitive lipase (HSL). Forskolin used for improving lean body mass.
Maintaining or improving lean body mass while shedding extra pounds of adipose tissue has been advocated by the Centers for Disease Control. Lean body mass is important because it has been recently recognized as an independent, positive predictor of one's cardiovascular health and overall health.
The lipolytic potential of forskolin has been studied in vitro with human adipose tissue. One study compared the activity of HSL in adipose tissue and the regulatory effect of various compounds in young (25-33 year old) vs. middle-aged (52-62) men. No difference was observed in the lipase activity of adipose tissue, nor the number or function of beta-adrenergic receptors (receptors necessary for lipolytic response) in young vs. middle-aged subjects.
However, lipolysis induced by isoproterenol (beta-adrenergic receptor agonist), forskolin (post-receptor agonist), and theophylline (post-receptor agonist) was lower in middle-aged men compared to young men. These results indicate that the lipolytic response may decline with age mainly due to impairment in the post-receptor, but not necessarily the receptor mechanism.
The lipolytic potential of forskolin and other lipolytic agents may also depend on hereditary factors. Fat cells from 67 non-obese and 60 obese subjects, 19 to 60 years old, were studied. The family trait for obesity was present in 42 of the lean subjects and in 50 of the obese subjects.
Fat cells were incubated in vitro with isoprenaline (a non-selective beta-adrenoceptor agonist), forskolin and an analogue of cyclic AMP. The lipolytic response was significantly lower in obese subjects, both with and without genetic predisposition for being overweight and in non-obese subjects with a family trait for obesity compared to non-obese subjects without the trait.
The described lipolytic action stimulated in the cultures of fat cells may be partly responsible for forskolin's potential in weight loss. However, the proposed mechanism of forskolin in increasing lean body mass at the expense of body fat is currently attracting a good deal of attention.
Lean body mass consists of muscles, vital organs, bone, bone marrow, connective tissue and body water. Lean body mass can simply be described as total body weight minus fat. The proportion of lean body mass to fat not only determines the body's aesthetic look, but more importantly determines a person's physical fitness, health status and risk for morbidity (disease) and premature mortality.
Recently, a standardized extract of C. forskohlii was evaluated in a preliminary open-field clinical study on six overweight female volunteers receiving 250 mg of the extract (equivalent to 25 mg of forskolin) twice a day for eight weeks, half an hour before a meal. Each participant was asked to maintain her previous daily physical exercise and eating habits. In addition, physical activity was monitored based on a questionnaire before and during the trial.
During the eight-week trial, the mean values for body weight and fat content significantly decreased, whereas lean body mass significantly increased compared to the baseline values. No subjective or objective adverse effects were reported in the course of this study. However, a trend to lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure was noted. The pulse rate was maintained at the same level throughout the study.
Effects of Coleus on Cyclic AMP:
Increased cellular cyclic AMP results in inhibition of platelet activation, decreased likelihood of blood clots, reduced release of histamine, decreased allergy symptoms, increased force of contraction of the heart, relaxation of the arteries and other smooth muscles, increased thyroid function, increased fat metabolism, increased energy and possibly weight loss. Cyclic AMP and the chemicals it activates comprise a second messenger system that is responsible for carrying out the complex and powerful effects of hormones in the body.
In addition, asthma, eczema, psoriasis, angina, obesity and hypertension are believed to be associated with decreased Cyclic AMP.
Coleus and Glaucoma:
Glaucoma is a condition in which the pressure in the eye is too high, due to an imbalance between the formation of aqueous humor in the eye and its absorption in or drainage out of the eye. Eventually, as the pressure builds up, the blood vessels nourishing the optic nerve are constricted, resulting in irreversible damage to the nerve and impaired vision culminating in blindness, if left untreated.
While there are no clinically proven alternative therapies for glaucoma, there are several treatments that may be beneficial and coleus is one of them. Clinical studies have shown that topical application of one percent forskolin eye drops resulted in significant decreases in intraocular pressure for up to five hours. Limited clinical experience suggests that oral forskolin appears to offer significant potential for sufferers of glaucoma. An Indian pharmaceutical company is currently engaged in clinical trials of a forskolin eye drop product.
Glaucoma is characterized by elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). Several animal and human studies have demonstrated the ability of forskolin to lower IOP, possibly via cAMP activation and a reduction in aqueous flow.
Caprioli et al demonstrated a significant decrease in IOP in rabbits, monkeys, and humans administered a topical forskolin suspension (1% forskolin). This effect was present at one hour post application and remained significant for at least five hours.In one clinical trial of 20 young, healthy volunteers, two 50 [micro]L topical instillations of one-percent forskolin were applied to one eye while the other eye served as control, receiving only the topical vehicle. At one-hour post instillation, the IOP fell 2.4 [+ or -] 1.3 mmHg and aqueous flow rate was reduced by 13 percent in the treatment eye compared to the control. Both results were statistically significant.
In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial with two separate arms, 10 healthy, non-smoking men were given a forskolin (1%) suspension in one eye and placebo in the other eye; proxymetacaine (0.5%) was the local anesthetic. The forskolin suspension resulted in decreases in IOP, but the differences between the forskolin treatment and placebo treatment at eight hours post application were statistically insignificant. Six men participated in a second arm of the study and a different local anesthetic (0.4% oxybuprocaine) was used. In this study arm a highly significant 25-percent reduction of IOP was observed at six hours post application. The different results in the two arms may be attributable to the different topical anesthetics used prior to forskolin application.These results suggest forskolin may be of benefit in reducing IOP in glaucoma patients.
Coleus and Depression:
Depression is believed to be associated with an imbalance of neurotransmitters in the brain, serotonin and dopamine primarily. Where there is a shortage of serotonin, the supplements 5-HTP or tryptophan or the SSRI drugs like prozac or Zoloft may be beneficial. If the catecholamine neurotransmitters (epinephrine, norephinephrine) are deficient the amino acids L-Phenylalanine or L-Tyrosine, or monoamine oxidase inhibitors like GeroVital (GH3) or Deprenyl are may be helpful. Recent research has also been evaluating drugs that increase Cyclic AMP as a means of elevating the catecholamines. Since forskolin elevates Cyclic AMP, it may improve neurotransmitter function and thereby relieve depression. Clinical trials using coleus to treat depression have not been done.
Coleus with Asthma and Allergies:
Coleus is an effective smooth muscle relaxer, resulting in bronchodilation, decreased airway resistance, increased vital capacity and increased forced expiratory volume. This action is the result of the increase in Cyclic AMP caused by coleus. Many asthma medications increase Cyclic AMP by inhibiting the enzymes that cause its breakdown. Thus, coleus and the traditional asthma drugs are likely to act synergistically. Therefore, one should consult their physician before combining them.
Asthma and other allergic conditions are characterized by decreased cAMP levels in bronchial smooth muscle, as well as high levels of PAE In response to allergenic stimuli, mast cells degranulate, histamine is released, and bronchial smooth muscle contracts. Forskolin's activation of cAMP inhibits human basophil and mast cell degranulation, resulting in subsequent bronchodilation.
Research has demonstrated aerosolized dry forskolin powder results in significant relaxation of bronchial muscles and relief of asthma symptoms. In one randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 16 asthma patients were given a single inhaled (aerosolized) 10-mg dose of dry forskolin powder, an asthma medication (0.4 mg fenoterol), or placebo. Both fenoterol and forskolin administration resulted in significant, equivalent bronchodilation, but patients taking fenoterol experienced marked finger tremor response and a decrease in plasma potassium levels. These side effects were not observed in patients receiving forskolin.
In six asthmatics (ages 18-64 years), nebulized forskolin administration (1 mg and 5 mg per metered dose) resulted in an increase in forced expiratory volume. Two patients experienced immediate relief from bronchoconstriction and shortness of breath; the remaining four patients reported relief after 10-15 minutes. Blood pressure and heart rate remained stable in all patients and no tremors, palpitations, or other adverse effects were reported.
Coleus and Hypothyroidism:
Forskolin has demonstrated the ability to increase thyroid hormone production and stimulate thyroid hormone release.
Coleus and Cancer Metastases:
Reserch has shown coleus to be a potent inhibitor of tumor colonization in mice. It is theoretically possible that coleus could be used in humans to prevent or inhibit tumor metastases.Many metastasizing tumor cell lines induce platelet aggregation both in vitro and in vivo. Upon aggregation, platelets release substances that promote tumor growth.Researchers have demonstrated forskolin's ability to block platelet aggregation via its stimulation of platelet adenylate cyclase and increase of intracellular cAME Agarwal and Parks gave 82 [micro]g forskolin to mice 30-60 minutes prior to injection with a highly metastatic melanoma cell line (B16 F10). Forskolin reduced tumor colonization in the lungs by 70 percent.
Coleus and Immune Enhancement:
Forskolin appears to exhibit potent immune system enhancement by activating macrophages and lymphocytes.
Coleus and Psoriasis:
In psoriasis, cells divide about 1,000 times faster than normal. Coleus helps to alleviate psoriasis by normalizing the cAMP /cGMP ratio. Like asthma, psoriasis is characterized by decreased levels of cAMP in the skin in relation to another regulating substance, cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). This imbalance results in a much higher rate of cell division--1,000 times greater than normal, resulting in psoriatic outbreaks. Although study details are not available, Ammon et al reported an improvement in symptoms of psoriasis in four patients supplemented with forskolin. The ability of forskolin to regulate cAMP levels in skin cells has been shown to have therapeutic benefit for sufferers of psoriasis.
Cardiovascular Effects of Coleus:Cardiovascular Disease
Coleus forskohlii has traditionally been used to treat hypertension, congestive heart failure, and angina. Coleus's basic cardiovascular action is to lower blood pressure, while simultaneously increasing the contractility of the heart. This is believed to be due to forskolin's Cyclic AMP-elevating ability, which results in relaxation of the arteries, and increased force of contraction of the heart muscle. A preliminary trial found that coleus reduced blood pressure and improved heart function in people with cardiomyopathy. Coleus also increases cerebral blood flow, indicating that it may be beneficial in cerebral vascular insufficiency, and in enhancing post-stroke recovery. The platelet aggregation-inhibiting effects of coleus also adds to its value in cardiovascular disorders.
Both animal and clinical studies demonstrate forskolin significantly lowers blood pressure via relaxation of vascular smooth muscle.In a small study of seven patients with dilated cardiomyopathy, intravenous forskolin administered at 3 [micro]g/kg/minute significantly reduced diastolic blood pressure (17%) without increasing myocardial oxygen consumption; left ventricular function also improved.In a similar study (patient sample size not available), 4 [micro]g/kg/ minute of intravenous forskolin given to dilated cardiomyopathy patients resulted in decreased vascular resistance and a 19-percent improvement in left ventricle contractility. Heart rate increased an average of 16 percent in study patients. Subjects also exhibited a 20-percent reduction in arterial pressure accompanied by symptomatic flush.Forskolin's ability to inhibit platelet aggregation is of additional benefit in cardiovascular disease.
Forskolin also demonstrates a direct effect on cerebrovascular vasodilation via cAMP activation. In rabbits, intravenous infusion of 10 [micro]g/kg/min forskolin increased blood flow to the brain from 39 [+ or -] 5 to 56 [+ or -] 9 mL/min. This change was accompanied by a small decrease in mean arterial pressure, although cerebral oxygen consumption remained stable. These results indicate forskolin may be useful in cases of cerebral vascular insufficiency and post-stroke.
Coleus and Weight Loss:
In vitro (studies done in the lab) studies show that coleus stimulates fat metabolism. Researchers have found that many obese people have lower than normal Cyclic AMP production. Because of these considerations, coleus may, theoretically, be a weight loss agent, especially for those with reduced Cyclic AMP production. In a recent study, six overweight women took 25 mg of coleus (250 mg capsules of 10% standardized forskolin extract) twice daily for eight weeks. At the end of the eight-week trial, the participants lost a mean of ten pounds, and reduced their percentage of body fat by nearly 8%. Blood pressure levels also trended lower during the trial.
In vitro and animal studies demonstrate lipolysis in fat cells is stimulated by forskolin via activation of adenylate cyclase and increased levels of cAME In a study involving 34 women, researchers discovered adipocytes from morbidly obese women have decreased adenylate cyclase activity, compared to adipocytes from normal weight women. In a small study, six overweight women were given 250 mg Coleusforskohlii, standardized to contain 10-percent forskolin, twice daily for eight weeks. Average weight loss at the end of the trial was 10 pounds, with an eight-percent reduction in body fat. Blood pressure tended to be lower in all women during the trial. No adverse effects were reported, indicating Coleus forskohlii might be safe and effective for losing weight and body fat.More research with a larger study population is indicated.
Coleus forskohlii: Fat-Fighting and More
Coleus forskohlii, is a member of the mint family (Lamiaceae). As part of a long-standing tradition in India, C. forskohlii roots have been used as a marinated food, or pickle, that is commonly eaten as part of a vegetarian meal. Upon closer investigation into the plant's pharmacological properties, it was revealed that C. forskohlii roots contain forskolin, a compound that belongs to the chemical class of diterpenes.
It is the only plant-derived compound presently known to directly stimulate the enzyme adenylate cyclase, and subsequently cyclic AMP. Cyclic AMP is also nicknamed the 'second messenger,' referring to its broad range of activity in the body's life-sustaining reactions.
In the last 20 years, forskolin has been successfully evaluated in numerous clinical studies, including bronchial asthma, cardiovascular health, glaucoma, sexual dysfunction in men and dermatological diseases. In the cited clinical studies, no adverse effects of forskolin administration were reported in spite of the fact that different doses, forms of administration and routes of administration were employed in these studies.
A toxicological study performed by a specialized, independent, U.S.-based laboratory indicates that an extract of C. forskohlii roots standardized to 10 percent forskolin is a relatively safe product with an oral LD50 above 2,000 mg/kg (2,000 mg/kg did not produce any mortality in experimental animals). The AMES test, a bacteria mutagenicity test, performed at the same time as the LD50 study, did not show mutagenic properties in the same C. forskohlii extract.
an subjects have demonstrated that supplementation with a standardized grade of Coleus Forskohlii can help patients lose up to 10 lbs. In just 8 weeks. Subjects also increased their lean mass, which further speeds up the resting metabolic rate.
Multi-ingredient Formulas:
Coleus forskohlii extracts are typically encountered in the marketplace as part of multi-ingredient, nutraceutical formulations. Plausible combinations in such formulations would include other botanical, mineral or chemical compounds to provide synergistic or additional, potentially helpful actions. Such existing formulations may, for example, include a combination of extracts from ma huang (aerial plant parts), green tea, guarana seed or Citrus aurantium fruit.
The combination of Coleus extract (166.6 mg) with ephedrine (ma huang extract) and caffeine (guarana seed extract), in doses of 20mg and 200mg, respectively, can theoretically provide an additive action. The effect of ephedrine administered together with caffeine in 20mg/200mg dose respectively was evaluated in several clinical studies and found to be effective in the management of human obesity. Conversely, administration of these compounds separately to obese individuals was clinically ineffective.
There is also published evidence derived from an in vitro study on the feasibility of combining forskolin with caffeine. Based on this study, such a combination could, theoretically increase alertness, allay drowsiness and fatigue and increase intellectual performance. However, it should be noted that the promising theoretical premise for combining forskolin with other ingredients should be supported by clinical data.
Increasing Lean Body Mass:
The health-promoting value of increasing lean body mass can be directly appreciated due to the known benefits derived from physical exercise in building lean body mass and stamina.
Consider that lean body mass correlates positively with the performance of an incremental treadmill exercise test and that the percentage of fat in the abdomen is significantly less in athletes than non-exercising controls. Because abdominal fatty tissue is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease, exercise (as well as any other means) that results in increased lean body mass may have a positive impact on long-term cardiovascular health and life span.
It has been postulated that by stimulating cyclic AMP, forskolin may increase the circulation of anabolic hormones and enhance their utilization which would theoretically lead to increased lean body mass.
Studies have shown that selective inhibitors of phosphodiesterase (PD) enzymes (group of enzymes inactivating cyclic AMP) and forskolin are potent activators of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis when given orally or intraperitoneally to rodents. The content of cyclic AMP in hypothalamic tissue increased in response to forskolin. At the same time CRH (corticotropin or ACTH releasing hormone) was released, and steroid hormones were synthesized.
The selective inhibitors of PD enzymes worked synergistically with forskolin in increasing steroidogenesis. Forskolin also has a stimulatory effect on the cyclic AMP of testicular Leydig cells. This effect is similar to that of the LH (luteinizing hormone) which controls Leydig cell steroidogenesis by stimulation of the androgen pathways mainly through adenylate cyclase and cyclic AMP mediated mechanisms.
Cancer, Thyroid Application:
Cyclic AMP-dependent kinase activation and phosphorylation of steroidogenic proteins presumably causes an increase in testosterone production. Despite the steroidogenic properties of forskolin, a prolonged increase of cyclic AMP levels produced by forskolin in the culture medium of human prostatic cancer cells inhibited cellular growth of the cancer. This inhibition of cellular growth by forskolin generated cyclic AMP suggests a possible new, safe approach to prostatic carcinoma therapy.
An additional contribution of forskolin to the anabolic and lean body mass building mechanism is due to its stimulation of adenylate cyclase in the human thyroid. Forskolin stimulation is additive with that of TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) and also differs from TSH stimulation of adenylate cyclase. Forskolin may also produce an anabolic effect by increasing the thyroid hormone dependent regulation of the uncoupling protein (UCP) and through its role in thermogenesis.
Studies were performed in brown adipocytes obtained from the brown fat of euthyroid (normal function of thyroid) or hypothyroid (decreased function of thyroid) rats. T3 and T4 thyroid hormones significantly enhance the effect of forskolin, UCP and thermogenesis. In fat cells from hypothyroid rats, forskolin failed to stimulate UCP; but after exposure to T3 or T4, cells recovered full responsiveness to forskolin.
The active principle of Coleus forskohlii, forskolin, emerges as a versatile nutraceutical, that is relatively safe for human consumption, and has many clinically proven applications. However, one of the promising applications of forskolin relates to management of weight loss and improving lean body mass.
While sensible, daily exercise remains the primary method to maintain and increase lean body mass, the combined effects of exercise with forskolin supplementation could contribute to, and further optimize, lean body mass. It should be emphasized that healthy functioning of the body depends not so much on a lower fat content, but rather on obtaining a higher percentage of lean body mass.
Increase And Stimulate Thyroid Hormone Production!
Forskohlii (Coleus forskohlii), a member of the mint family, grows on the sun-exposed, dry slopes of India and is used in traditional Ayurvedic practices. Forskolin is a pharmacologically active compound found in Coleus forskohlii which has been used in over 5000 research studies since 1981. This product is guaranteed to contain 1% forskolin.
Forskohlin a plant used since antiquity in Hindu and Ayurvedic traditional medicine is the source of an amazing compound of unique biological importance. The plant, Coleus forskohlii, is where the compound forskolin comes from. Forskolin has started showing up in many of the most advanced thermogenics and fat burners on the market due to it natural fat-loss-enhancing properties. Forskolin has also been touted as a life extension/longevity/anti-aging health product due to studies showing it's positive effects on the heart, lungs, and blood pressure.
Forskolin has been shown to increase thyroid hormone production as well as stimulate thyroid hormone release. As we know, the thyroid is responsible for metabolic rate via the hormones it releases. Therefore, increasing production of the thyroid results in an increase in metabolism. But, that's not all forskolin is good for!
Coleus Forskohlii Research:
Effects of Coleus forskohlii on Fat Storage in Ovariectomized Rats.
The antiobesity effects of Coleus forskohlii were investigated in ovariectomized (ovx) rats. Eight-week-old female Wistar rats were assigned to four groups: a sham-operated group fed the control diet (MF, sham-m) ; an ovx-m group fed the control diet; a sham-operated group fed the control diet containing 50 g/kg of Coleus forskohlii extract (sham-c) ; and an ovx-c group fed the control diet containing 50 g/kg of Coleus forskohlii extract. The body weight, adipose tissues, and cell diameter were investigated in ovx rats after Coleus forskohlii extract treatment. Administration of Coleus forskohlii extracts reduced body weight, food intake, and fat accumulation in ovx rats. Our results suggest that Coleus forskohlii may be useful in the treatment of obesity.
Induction of Drug Metabolism by Forskolin, the Role of The Pregnane X Receptor and the PKA Signal Transduction Pathway.
An extract of the plant Coleus forskohlii has been used for centuries in Ayurvedic medicine to treat various diseases such as hypothyroidism, heart disease and respiratory disorders. Additionally, complex herbal mixtures containing this extract are gaining popularity in United States for their putative 'fat-burning' properties. The active ingredient in Coleus forskohlii extract is the diterpene compound forskolin. Forskolin is a widely used biochemical tool that activates adenyl cyclase, thereby increasing intracellular concentration of cAMP, and thus activating the PKA signal transduction pathway. We show here that both forskolin induces CYP3A gene expression in primary hepatocytes by functioning as agonists of the pregnane X receptor. Our data provide important insights into the molecular mechanism of both the PKA-dependent and the PKA-independent effects of forskolin on the expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes in liver. Finally, our data suggest that herbal therapy with Coleus forskohlii extract should be approached cautiously due to the potential for herb-drug interactions in patients on combination therapy.
Quantitative analysis of forskolin in Coleus forskohlii (Lamiaceae) by reversed-phase liquid chromatography.
A rapid method was developed for the evaluation of forskolin in Coleus forskohlii Briq. (Lamiaceae). Forskolin was quantitated in the root and stem of dried C. forskohlii and in 17 market products by reversed-phase liquid chromatography (LC) with a photodiode array detector at 210 nm. The temperature was held constant at 30 degrees C, and the retention time of forskolin was approximately 6.8 min. The samples were extracted with acetonitrile by sonication. The precision of the method was confirmed by a standard deviation < 5.0% (n = 3), and forskolin recovery was 99.1%. Limit of detection was 1.5 microg/mL, and the response was linear through zero from 6.3 to 630 microg/mL with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.9998. Identity of the marker compound was confirmed by an LC/mass spectrometry experiment. The method was successful in the qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the marker compound in C. forskohlii plant material and in market products claiming to contain C. forskohlii.
Relaxant effects of forskolin on guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle:
Some Research investigated the relaxant effects of forskolin, a diterpene derivative isolated from the roots of Coleus forskohlii, on guinea pig airway smooth muscle. Forskolin caused dose-dependent relaxant effects on resting tone and on leukotriene C4, leukotriene D4, and carbachol-induced contraction of tracheal smooth muscle. Moreover, with propranolol pretreatment the relaxant effect of forskolin on tracheal smooth muscle did not change, whereas with the same pretreatment the relaxant effect of isoproterenol diminished. These results suggest that forskolin relaxes airway smooth muscle in guinea pigs in vitro and in vivo by raising tissue cyclic AMP levels and that its actions are independent of beta-adrenoceptors. coleus Forskohlii.
Pharmacological studies on coleonol, a hypotensive diterpene from Coleus forskohlii:
Coleus species have been used in Ayurvedic medicine for heart diseases, spasmodic pain, painful micturition and convulsions. The pharmacological properties of coleonol, a diterpene, isolated from Coleus forskohlii were investigated. Its predominant effect is to lower the blood pressure of anaesthetised cat and rat as well as of the spontaneously hypertensive rat due to relaxation of the vascular smooth muscle. In small doses it has a positive inotropic effect on isolated rabbit heart as well as on cat heart in vivo. Coleonol also exhibits nonspecific spasmolytic activity on smooth muscle of the gastrointestinal tract in various species but not on bronchial musculature of guinea pig. Large doses of coleonol have a depressant action on the central nervous system. These results provide the rationale for the use of this plant in Aurvedic medicine.
Additional potential properties of Coleus Forskohlii
Some marketers are promoting the extract forskolin from coleus forskohlii as a way to maintain lean body mass. They call this extract Forslean. coleus forskohlii
Coleus Forskohlii Safety and Toxicity:
Acute poisoning from Coleus forskohlii containing products, letter to herbalists, UK:Dr Alison Daykin,Senior Herbal Policy Manager Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency,Market Towers,1 Nine Elms Lane,London SW8 5NQ,UK,http://medicines.mhra.gov.uk.
This is a letter to herbal interest groups from the Senior Herbal Policy Manager of the MHRA (UK) - The UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) has received information from the Italian Regulatory Authority, that certain products containing Coleus forskohlii have been associated with four cases of acute atropine like poisoning (agitation, confusion, hallucination, tachycardia, mydriasis and past amnesia) following their ingestion.
Two additional adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports of tremor, asthenia, visual disturbance and confusion have also been related to the use of Coleus forskohlli containing products in Italy.
The Italian authorities suspect a possible batch contamination. Whilst it has not been confirmed, it is possible that Coleus forskohlli may have been substituted or adulterated with a member of the Solanaceae family. This is a family which includes a number of poisonous and pychoactive plants, and includes Atropa Belladonna (Deadly Nightshade). Many members of the family contain tropane alkaloids such as atropine.
A list of specific products associated with the cases of acute poisoning is provided below.
Although the MHRA has not received any ADR reports indicative of atropine like poisoning associated with Coleus forskohlii in the UK, it is possible these products may have found their way onto UK market and potentially pose a risk to public health. If you or any of your members have stocks of any of these products please quarantine them, cease distribution and notify the MHRA. It is unclear at this stage whether only the named products are affected or whether contamination of a harvest of Coleus may have occurred at source. An update will be provided when further information becomes available.
Acute oral toxicity of Coleus forskohlii 10% was determined in Sprague Dawley rats. The test substance suspended in water was administered by oral route and the experimental animals were observed for 14 days for product-related symptoms. The test substance did not produce any signs of intoxication after dosing and all animals survived the study period of 14 days. The LD 50 value of the product in rats by oral route was found to be greater than 2000mg/kg body weight.
Sub-chronic Toxicity:
Sub-chronic oral toxicity study was designed and conducted to Determine the toxicity profile of Forslean? when administered daily for 28 days in Sprague Dawley rats. Forslean? suspended in 0.1% aqueous CMC was administered to animals at varied doses. Their body weight and biochemistry were monitored during the period of experimentation. Based on the findings the no observed effect level (NOEL) of Forslean? in these experimental animals over a period of 28 days was found to be 100 mg/kg for male and female animals.
Sub-Acute Oral Toxicity:
Sub-acute oral toxicity study was designed and conducted to determine the toxicity profile of Forslean ? when administered daily for 28 days in Sprague Dawley rats. Test material suspended in 0.1% aqueous CMC was administered to the animals at various dose levels. Hematological and biochemical analyses were carried out at the end of experimentation. All the animals survived the experimentation period and did not present any signs of intoxication. No abnormalities were detected. Based on these findings it was concluded that the no observed effect level (NOEL) of this product administered to rats orally over a period of 28 days was found to be 1000 mg/kg body weight for both male and female animals.
FAQ:Frequently asked questions about Coleus forskohlii(Forskolin).
What is it?
Forskolin is a plant extract taken from the roots of the Coleus Forskohlii plant. It's use dates back several hundred years as a pickle or food spice in East Indian diets.
Who should use it?
Forskolin is suitable for anyone wanting to lose weight more quickly without the use of stimulants such as ephedrine or caffeine.
How does it work?
Although the use of Forskolin as a method for promoting fat loss and gains in lean muscle has only recently been discovered, the early research is extremely promising. Not only does Forskolin speed up fat loss, it also helps to preserve (and even increase) lean muscle mass. The use of Forskolin for promoting fat loss while preserving lean muscle tissue is supported by a US Patent (# 5,804,596).
In one study, six overweight women were given forskolin extract twice daily for eight weeks. Participants were asked to maintain their normal diet and physical activity levels. Results showed that test subjects lost an average of 10 pounds without making significant changes to their diet or activity levels. Unlike stimulant-based supplements such as ephedrine, Forskolin caused no noticeable changes in heart rate and blood pressure or other commonly reported side effects (dry mouth, high blood pressure and nervousness).
In a study conducted by Dr. Richard Kreider, Forskolin was also shown to prevent the loss of lean muscle tissue that normally occurs on a low-calorie diet. According to Dr. Kreider, "... a thermogenic supplement containing coleus forskohlii can promote weight loss without the typical loss of muscle mass observed in weight loss studies."
Blood Conditions:anti-platelet action, combined with Ginger and Turmeric
Cardiovascular Conditions:
cerebrovascular disease (vasodilation), combined with Ginkgo biloba
congestive heart failure, combined with Craetagus, Astragalus, Panax Ginseng and/or Convallaria
hypertension (high blood pressure), combined with Craetagus
ischemic heart disease, combined with Craetagus and/or Salvia miltiorrhiza,thrombosis
Gastrointestinal Conditions:digestive insufficiency,stimulates upper digestive function, combined with Gentian
Glandular Conditions:hypothyroidism
Eye Conditions:glaucoma (internally and externally)
Respiratory Tract Conditions:asthma,chronic obstructive airway disease (bronchodilation)
Reproductive Conditions:poor fertility
Skin Conditions:psoriasis
Other:weight loss
How should I use it?
The studies to date show that Coleus Forskohlii extract (standardised to 20% Forskolin) is most effective at a dose of 100-150 milligrams per day.
What results should I expect?
When Coleus Forskohlii extract is combined with other nutrients (see below) you can expect to lose 1-3 pounds of fat each and every week, until you reach your target weight. Coleus Forskohlii will also prevent the loss of lean muscle that is common during periods of weight loss.
What should I use it with?
Other non stimulant-based diet supplements, such as Guggulsterones can be combined with Forskolin to accelerate fat loss still further.
Dosage and Administration:
Commonly coleus extracts come in standardized dosage of about 15% forskolin. Some medical professionals have recommended taking 50-100 mg of standardized coleus extract two to three times per day but these amounts have not been confirmed by clinical research. Most studies have used injected forskolin so the amount to take orally to have the same effect is still unkown.
How much is usually taken?
Coleus extracts standardized to 10 to 18% forskolin are available. While some doctors expert in herbal medicine recommend 50¨C100 mg two to three times per day of standardized coleus extract, these amounts are extrapolations and have yet to be confirmed by direct clinical research.12 Most studies have used injected forskolin, so it is unclear if oral ingestion of coleus extracts will provide similar benefits in the amounts recommended above. Until ophthalmic preparations of coleus or forskolin are available, people with glaucoma should consult with a skilled healthcare practitioner to obtain a sterile fluid extract for use in the eyes.
Typical dosage recommendations are in the range of 100-300mg/day of a Coleus forskohlii extract (10-20% forskolin), taken in 2-3 divided doses (raw root powders may have only 0.2%-0.3% forskolin).There is very limited information from clinical studies on the safe and effective dosages of forskolin. Based on the human studies for weight loss, 50 to 100 mg of forskolin taken in divided doses during the day appears to be an appropriate dose for the conditions discussed above.
Side effects and Cautions:
Few adverse effects of coleus have been reported. It should be avoided in people with ulcers, because it may increase stomach acid levels. Direct application to the eyes may cause transitory tearing, burning, and itching. The safety of coleus in pregnancy and breast-feeding is unknown.
There isn't much research on Coleus forskohlii's safety, but so far it hasn't caused any adverse reactions in people.If you are pregnant or nursing, though, forskolin is not recommended.
Those with severe liver or kidney disease should probably avoid it until more research has demonstrated its safety.
If you have ulcers, it is not recommended since it can increase stomach acid levels.Don't put it directly in your eyes since it can cause tearing, burning, and itching.
Caution should be used in a patient with ulcers as forskolin can increase stomach acid levels. Caution should also be used in a patient with low blood pressure due to forskolin's hypotensive effects.Because of forskolin's effect on platelet aggregation, Coleus forskohlii should be used with caution or avoided in patients with bleeding disorders or on blood-thinning medication.Coleus forskohlii extracts have not been studied in pregnant or lactating women.
Are there any drug interactions?
Certain medicines may interact with coleus. Refer to drug interactions for a list of those medicines.
There is some evidence that forskolin may enhance the effects of beta-agonists such as albuterol. Forskolin may also act synergistically with epinephrine, ephedrine and pseudoephedrine. It is possible that the use of forskolin may decrease the needed dosages of beta-agonists. Anyone taking these drugs should consult their physician if they want to also use forskolin.
Because forskolin inhibits platelet aggregation and clotting, it may enhance the effects of anti-clotting medications such as warfarin, clopidogre, aspirin, enoxaparin, and dalteparin. Anyone taking any anti-clotting medications or supplements should consult their physician before adding forskolin to their regimen.
Be cautious if you are taking blood-pressure medications such as beta-blockers, clonidine, or hydralazine, or blood-thinning drugs such as Coumadin (warfarin), heparin, or Trental (pentoxifylline).
Because forskolin has an inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation, it should be avoided or used with caution in conjunction with anticoagulant medications.Caution should be used when giving forskolin with antihypertensive agents as it may have a potentiating effect on these drugs.
Scientific References:
1.Coleus Forskohlii and Forskolin Mechanism of action...
Claims & Warning:
Claims: Information this web site presented is meant for Nutritional Benefit and as an educational starting point only, for use in maintenance and promotion good health in cooperation with a common knowledge base reference...Furthermore,it based solely on the traditional and historic use or legend of a given herb from the garden of Adonis. Although every effort has been made to ensure its accurate, please note that some info may be outdated by more recent scientific developments......
Pharmakon Warning: The order of knowledge is not the transparent order of forms and ideas,as one might be tempted retrospectively to interpret it; it is the antidote....(Dissemination,Plato's Pharmacy,II.The Ingredients:Phantasms,Festivals,and Paints;138cf. Jacques Derrida.).
And as it happens,the technique of imitation,along with the production of the simulacrum,has always been in Plato's eyes manifestly magical,thaumaturgical:......and the same things appear bent and straight to those who view them in water and out,or concave and convex,owing to similar errors of vision about colors, and there is obviously every confusion of this sort in our souls.And so scene painting (skiagraphia) in its exploitation of this weakness of four nature falls nothing short of witchcraft (thaumatopoia), and so do jugglery and many other such contrivances.(Republic X,602c-d;cf.also 607c).
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Basic Botanical Data of Coleus Forskohlii:
Basic Description:
Scientific References:
Claims & Warning:
