Dogwoods got their name from the Middle Ages when the wood was used as skewers or "dogs." But, today these plants are widely used in landscapes for their beautiful flowers, showy fruit, winter color and attractive foliage. Birds relish the fruit and often eat every last one off a plant as soon as they're ripe. There are 17 species of dogwood native to North America and they range in size from small to large shrubs and small trees. Dogwood berries are eaten by over 98 species of birds! These include: bluebirds, brown thrashers, cardinals, cedar waxwings, flickers, gray catbird, mockingbirds, robins, song sparrows, thrushes, vireos and woodpeckers.
Use Recommendations of Dogwood Fruit:Impotence, seminal emission, incontinence of urination, spontaneous sweating, menorrhagia, uterine bleeding, and aching back and knees.
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Basic Instruction
What is Cornus fruit or Dogwood fruit and how to use it?
seminal trace...Dogwood Fruit Extract.Asiatic dogwood fruit extract.Cornus fruit extract.Cornus officinalis extract.Corni Fructus extract....
Botanical Data of Cornus Fruit:
Dogwood Fruit (shan zhu yu),Fructus Corni,Cornus Officinalis
Genus species: Cornus officinalis
Type: Thorny deciduous shrub
Family: Cornaceae
Pharmaceutical Name:Fructus Corni(Fruit and Kernel)
Pharmaceutical Name:Arillas Corni(Fruit only)
Botanical Name:Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc.
Latin name: Cornus officinalis.
Part Used: Fruit without seeds
Common Name:Cornus fruit, Dogwood fruit,Asiatic Cornelian Cherry Fruit,Asiatic Dogwood,Shan Zhu Yu,Common Macrocarpium Fruit,Fruit of Asiatic Cornelian Cherry.
Synonyms: Asiatic Dogwood Fruit, Chinese Dogwood Fruit, Corni Fructus, Dogwood Fruit, Dogwood Tree,Cornel, Cornelian Cherry, Rou Dzao (Fleshy Jujube), Shan Chu Yu, Shan Ju Yu, Shan Yu Rou, Shan Zhu Yu,Shu Zao,Mei Shi,Shu Shi,Ji zu,Shi Zaor,Rou Zao,Zao Pu,Yao Zao.
Source of Earliest Record:Shennong Bencao Jing Habitat:spread in provinces of China, such as Shanxi,Shaanxi,Gan Su,ShanDong,An Hui,Jiang Xi,He Nan,Hu Nan,SiChuan,etc.
About Dogwoods: Dogwoods got their name from the Middle Ages when the wood was used as skewers or "dogs." But, today these plants are widely used in landscapes for their beautiful flowers, showy fruit, winter color and attractive foliage. Birds relish the fruit and often eat every last one off a plant as soon as they're ripe. There are 17 species of dogwood native to North America and they range in size from small to large shrubs and small trees. Dogwood berries are eaten by over 98 species of birds! These include: bluebirds, brown thrashers, cardinals, cedar waxwings, flickers, gray catbird, mockingbirds, robins, song sparrows, thrushes, vireos and woodpeckers.
Part Used & Method for Pharmaceutical Name: The ripe fruit is gathered from October to November. The fruit is baked or boiled, after which the fruit pit is removed. The fruit is then dried in the sun or baked again.
This herb is the pulp of the ripe fruit of Cornus officinalis Sieb. etZucc. (family Cor-naceae), which isproduced mainly in Zhejiang, Anhui, Henan and Shanxi provinces. After collection in the late autumn, the fruit is baked over slow fire or scaldedslightly in boilingwater, and then driedin the sun or baked dry for use after removal of the fruitstone.
Sources Location: Cornus fruit grow in the provinces of Zhejiang, Anhwei, Henan, Shaanxi provinces of China. It collect in the fall time when the fruits are matured. Use the meat of the fruit, dried by heat or sunshine.
Appearance of Dogwood Tree: Some species, such as flowering and Pacific dogwood, have showy flowers. The two groundcover species have flowers that are rather inconspicuous but appear magnificent framed by the surrounding large, petal-like bracts. Other dogwoods have clusters of small, creamy-white flowers. Dogwood berries can be bright red, white, dark blue, or even a combination of dark blue and white, as with the silky dogwood. Most species have attractive fall foliage in shades of burgundy, orange, and red.
Properties: Sour; slightly warm,Sour, astringent in flavour, warm in nature, it is tropistic to the liver and kidney channels. Being warm and moist in nature, it functions in tonifying both liver-and kidney-yin and warming kidney-yang; and as an astringent, it is also good at consolidating and astringing the lower-jiao and serves as an important herb for reinforcing the kidney to preserve essence. Thus it can be used together with other herbs to treat syndromes of debility of the lower-jiao due to insufficiency of the liver and the kidney.
Sour in flavour, slightly warm in property, acting on the liver and kidneychannels.
Fatty Acids and Amino Acids:Kernels contains linoleic acid,oleic acid,palmitic acid,stearic acid,linolenic acid,lauric acid and trace minerals, such as iron,aluminum,copper,zinc,boron and phosphor,etc.fruit and kernels rich amino acids such as threonine,valine,leucine,isoleucine,phenylalanine,histidine,lysine,serine,glutam-ic acid,glycine,alanine,tyrosine,arginine,aspartic acid,etc 14 kinds of amino acids,kernels also contains methionine,proline and cystine.
Identification:Verbenalin
Molecular Formula: C17H24O10 Molecular Weight: 388.3706 g/mol Cas Number: 548-37-8.
Combinations,Indications and Pharmacology of Dogwood Fruit:
Impotence, seminal emission, incontinence of urination, spontaneous sweating, menorrhagia, uterine bleeding, and aching back and knees.
Cornus berries have a long history of use in a variety of medicinal tonics, including those used to treat excessive urination, incontinence, excessive sweating excessive menstrual bleeding, decreased erectile function and premature ejaculation. Cornus is also an ingredient in formulas that treat ringing of the ears (tinnitus), poor hearing, blurred vision, dizziness, shock and trauma, and a wide range of other conditions.
Common Use suggestions and combinations:
Dizziness, impotence, seminal emission, frequent urination: used with rehmannia root and Chinese yam
Severe debility with impending collapse: used with ginseng, lateral root of aconite, dragon's bone and oyster shell
Metrorrhagia, metrostaxis and menorrhagia: used with cuttle-bone, carbonized rubia root, carbonized petiole of windmill palm.
Bed wetting: shan zhu yu 15 g, fu pen zi 15 g,yi zhi ren,tu si zi 11 g,xian mao 11g.Boil with water and drink as tea.
Sweating non stop: shan zhu yu 15 g, wu wei zi 9 g,raw long gu 30 g,raw mu li 30 g. Boil with water and make into 3 servings.
Priaprism due to yinxu condition: shu di huang 30 g, shan yu rou 15 g,gui ban 15 g,bie jia 15 g,huang bai 15 g,zhi mu 12 g.Boil with water and make into 2 servings¡£
Excessive bleeding during menopause due to liver and kidney yin deficient: shu di huang 24 g,shan yao 15 g,shan zhu yu 15g,dang gui 12 g ,bai shao 12 g,dan pi 12 g,fu ling 9 g,ze xie 9 g,ai ye 9 g,xi cao 9 g,di yu 9 g,han lian cao 9 g.Boil with water. Make into 3 serving.
Premature ejaculation, impotence, spermatorrhea due to yinxu condition: shu di huang 30 g,shan zhu yu 30 g,jin ying zi 15 g,zhi mu 12 g,huang bai 12 g.Boil with water. Make into 2 servings for morning and night.
Night sweating due to yinxu condition: shan zhu yu 30 g,mai dong 18 g,sheng di huang 24 g,wu wei zi 9 g.Boil with water. Use as tea.
Indications:
1.For insufficiency of kidney-yang induced debility of the lower-jiao manifested as spermatorrhea and frequent urination: it is often used with herbs for invigorating the kidney o preserve essence such as Fructus Psoraleae, Sement Astrgali Complanati, Semen Euryales, Radix Rehmanniae Preaparata. Rhizoma Dioscoreae, etc. For lassitude of the loins and knees, dizziness, tinnitus, night sweat, and spermatorrhear due to deficiency of both liver-and kidney-yin, it is often used with Radis Rehmanniae Preaparata, Rhizoma Dioscoreae, Cortex Moutan Radicis, as in Rehmannia Bolus of Six Ingredients (Liuwei Dihuang Wan).
2.For deficiency of Chong and Ren Meridians with menorrhagia, netrorrhagia and metrostaxis: it is often prescrided with drugs for curing metrorrhagia and leukorrhagia such as Radix Astragali seu Hedysari, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, Os Sepiella seu sepiae, etc.
3.For night sweat due to Yin-deficiency and spontaneous sweating because of Qi-deficiency: it is often prescribed with drugs for consolidating the superficies to stop sweaing, such as Os Draconis Fossilia Ossis Mastodi, Concha Ostreae, Fructus Tritici Levis, Fructus Schisandrae, etc.
4.For syndromesof deficiency of both the liver and kidney marked by dizziness, lassitudeof the loins and knees, impotence,seminal emission,froguent urination, enuresis, etc: Incase the above symptoms are due to deficiency ofboth the liver- yin and kidney-yin, dogwood fruit is often prescribed with prepared rehmannia root and chinese yam,as in Rehmannia Bolus of Six Ingredients ( Liuwei Dihuang Wan) ; in cases they are due to deficiency of the kidney-yang, itcan be used with psoraleafruit and chinese angelica root,as in Pill for Treating Deficiency of Both the Liver and Kidney (Caohuan Dan); for incontinence of urination, it canbe used with mantis egg-case,raspberry,bitter cardamon and flatstem milkvetch seed.
5.For incessanthidrorrhea and severedebility with impending collapse: it is often used along withginseng, lateral root of aconite, dragon's bone and oyster shell.
6.To treatmetro-rrhagia, metrostaxisand menorrhagia: it can be used with cuttle-bone, carboni-zed rubia root, carbonized petiole of windmill palm,etc.,as in Decoction forReinforcing Chong Channel (Guchong Tang).
Pharmacology:Dogwood Fruit
1.Cardiovascular Effects: Dogwood Fruit release strong cardiovascular effects,dogwood fruit injection 2-8mg/kg dosage intravenous injection improve heart functions,boost contractility of heart and cardiac output.
2.Effects on Immune Systems: Different effects on inmmune systems identified for different grade of dogwood fruit compositions,water decoction lowering lick up functions of reticuloendothelial system,inhibition on Delayed-type Hypersensitivity caused by SRBC or DNCB,inhibiting activation of T cell lymphoma.Dogwood fruit isoflavones and ursolic acid shows strong inhibition effects on lymphopoiesis,transform,inhibition LAK birth and Interleukin-2,strong antagonize to reprobation effects of apparatus replant,Intraperitoneal Injection 500mg/kg dogwood fruit total saponins daily 6 days,existing period extended for mice replanted heart,water decoction shows prompt effects on immunity of body fluid of immunit,boost formation of Serum Antibody IgG and IgM.
3.Anti-inflammation and Anti-Bacteria: Water decoction of dogwood fruit shows strong inhibition on inflammatory exudate,edema and granulation tissue hyperplasia caused by xylene,egg white and vinegar,etc;no big effects on PGE ratio of turgescence tissue,lowering Vitamin C ratio of adrenal gland of mouse,relief adrenal gland cell damage.These prove and mentions that the anti-inflammatory mechanism of dogwood fruit has relationships with pituitary-adrenalgland boosting function,no distinct inhibition effects on PGE synthesize and release of PGE.Stronger inhibition effects of dogwood fruit on Staphylococcus epidermids,Enterococcus,Staphylococcus aureus and dysentery bacillus.
4.Anti-Stimulation,anti-Free Radicals,Lowering Blood cholesterol.: dogwood fruit released strong ability to boost body's Anti-Stimulation effects,increase anti-hypoxia and anti-aging ability of mice,boost memory.Increase SOD activity of blood cells,counteract lipid peroxide.Ethanol extracts shows effects to lowering blood cholesterols,lowering triglyceride,cholesterin,prevent arteriosclerosis.
Effects and Applications:
1).Antioxidant: To resplenish the immune system and to promote the production of antibodies.
2).Adjust the function of hypothalamus: pituitary ,adrenal gland. Adjust the autonomic system to influence the sexual function.
3).Diuretic and hypotensive:
4).To promote the action of antibacterial, antifungal and anticancer:
5).Tonifying the liver and kidney, controlling seminal emission and reducing urination: For insufficiency of kidney-yang induced debility of the lower-jiao manifested as spermatorrhea and frequent urination, it is often used with herbs for invigorating the kidney to preserve essence such as fructus psoraleae, sement astragali complanati, semen euryales, radix rehmanniae preaparata, etc.
6).Controlling menstruation and arresting bleeding: In treating menorrhea, metrostaxis, etc., due to weak physiques, the herb is often used in combination with os sepiellae seu sepiae, petiolus trachycarpi carbonisetus, radix rubiae, etc.
7).Arresting sweating and preventing collapse: In treating collapse after profuse sweating or after longlasting diseases, the herb can be used in combination with radix codonopsis pilosulae, os draconis, concha ostreae, etc.
8).Invigorating the liver and kidney: keeping kidney essence, reducing urination, and checking perspiration and hemorrhage.
9).Arrests excessive loss of body fluid:
10).Nouri-shing the liverand kidney and inducing astringencyto arrestincessantand excessiveloss of the body fluid.
11).Strengthens the kidneys and the liver: Improves vision,Replenishes vital essence,Stop sweating due to weakness of the body.
14).Interesting Facts: Herbs with sour flavor usually have astringing action. The effects on seminal emission, frequency of urination and leukorrhea of Cornus fruit is believe to be gained through the nervous--muscular system. Throughout Chinese history, most Chinese emperors lived a relatively short life, partly because of their involvements in hectic politics and partly because of their excessive indulgence in sex. However, an emperor named Qian Long of the Chin Dynasty (1644-1911) was recorded to have lived the longest life of all the Chinese emperors prior to his time, dying at the age of 90. Many Chinese physicians have attributed Qian Long¡¯s longevity to his regular consumption of many herbs, but most notably, cornel fruit and morinda root. A very famous herbal formula, Rehmannia Six combination, contains mainly Cornel fruit.
15).Dogwood bark Applications: Dogwood bark is tonic, astringent, and slightly stimulant. It forms an excellent substitute for Peruvian bark, having frequently proved efficient in periodic attacks when the foreign drug failed. It may be used in many cases where quinine is indicated and can not be administered, owing to idiosyncrasy, etc. It may be used with advantage in cases where tonics are required, in periodical fevers, typhoid fevers, etc. Its internal employment increases the strength and frequency of the pulse, and elevates the temperature of the body. It should be used in the dried state, as the recent bark is apt to derange the stomach, and cause more or less pain in the abdomen, but which may be removed by 10 or 15 drops of laudanum. It is useful in headaches from quinine, in general exhaustion and pyrosis.
An extract of the bark prepared by boiling it in water, and evaporating to the proper consistence, will be found one of the best forms in which to administer it. Dose of the powdered bark, from 20 to 60 grains, as often as required; of the extract, from 5 to 10 grains. The ripe berries formed into a tincture with brandy or whiskey, are a popular bitters among some country people; the flowers are occasionally used in the place of chamomile. Specific cornus, 1 to 20 drops.
Suggestions and Administrations:
Dosage & Administration: 6-15g; 30g in large dosage,decocted in water for and oral dose.
Precaution & Contractindication: Difficulty in micturition
Note: It is important to be evaluated by a health professional before taking this herb.This herb is contraindicated in cases with damp-heat or dysuria.
Drug Interactions: Due to the diuretic action of this herb the following drug interactions are possible: increased risk of toxicity with anti-inflammatory analgesics; if hypokalemia occurs possible antagonism with antiarrhythmics and potentiation of muscle relaxants; antagonizes antidiabetic (hypoglycemic) drugs; may potentiate and/or interfere with antihypertensives; may potentiate lithium therapy; when taken with corticosteroids there is a risk for hypokalemia; may potentiate other diuretics and increase the risk of hypokalemia. Due to the antihypertensive (hypotensive) action of this herb the following interactions are possible: when taken with anesthetics an increased hypotensive effect; potentiation of antihypertensives; when taken with diuretics difficulty with diuresis and hypertension may result; antagonism of sympathomimetics.
Dogwood fruit is warm and nourishing in property and can induceastringency, so it should not be used in cases of hyperactivity of the liver-yang, or constitutionof damp-heat or difficulty in micturition.
Toxicity Study:Dogwood Fruit
Acute Toxicity of Dogwood Fruit Water Extract:
Dogwood Fruit Water Extract:LD50 >10grams/kg.cumulation coefficient>5,10 g/kg; no reratogenicity observed.Result: water extracts of dogwood fruit shows no acute toxicity and cumulative toxicity;no reratogenicity on amniote.Refference:Study on the Toxicity of the Water Extract from the Pulp of Comus.by Zhang Huizhen,Wu Yiming,Wu Yongjun,Hu Shibing,from Carcinogenesis,Teratogenesis and Mutagenesis,03,2004.
Mutagenic Toxicity of Dogwood Fruit Water Extract:
Test of mutagenicity on PCE,testis micronucleus, and sperm in mice of dogwood fruit.Method:PCE,micronucleus,Chromosome aberratIon test In mice testlcle ceIls and mice Sperm Malformation Test,observing effects of different dosage of dogwood fruit water saps(10 g/kg,5g/kg,2.5 g/kg) and negative control (distilled water),Active control (cyclophosphamide),test micecells mutation rate,sperum abnormality rate and PCE micronucleus rate.Result:no statistical results got from compare of above mentioned rate to negative control; but statistical results got from compare to active control,P<0.01.Thus come into a conclusion that dogwood fruit water extraction saps shows no damage effects on cell or chromosome levels,nor can increase PCE micronucleus rate.The matters extracted has no damage effect on the chromosome and cell levels. It provides science proof on exploiting functional health food of cornus of ficinalis sieb.et Zucc.Reference:Effect of the extraction from pulp of cornus officinalis by water on mutagenicity on PCE,testis micronucleus, and sperm in mice,.by Zhang Huizhen,Wu Yiming,Fan Qingtang,Hu Shibing,From Journal of Zhengzhou Univeristy(Medical Sciences).05,2004;Mutagenicity of the Matter Extracted from the Pulp of Cornus by Ethanol,by ZHANG Huizhen, SONG Chunhua ,YANG Jiyao,HU Shibin,WU Yiming,from R994.4;R994.6,Article ID:1004-616X(2005)03-0187-03.
Acute Toxicity of Dogwood Fruit and Kernels:
Dogwood fruit:LD50.Mice.Oral.>90.8 g/kg.Dogwood fruit kernel:LD50.Mice.Oral.>53.55 g/kg.
Modern Research and Identification:
Identification of volatiles from hawthorn and flowering dogwood fruit that may be involved in host plant location by Rhagoletis fruit flies
Chemical analyses, using Solid Phase Microextraction and GC-EAD, of head space volatiles from hawthorn and flowering dogwood fruit have resulted in the identification of chemicals that may be involved in host fruit discrimination by Rhagoletis fruit flies that infest each fruit type. Several chemicals that elicited high EAD activity are common to the two fruit types, whereas others are unique to each. The chemical analysis forms the foundation for selection of candidate odor blends for behavioral assays of odor discrimination in flies from each fruit type.
Dogwood fruit has effects of inducing diuresis, lowering blood pressure, inhibiting the growth of Bacillus dysenteriae and Staphylococcus aureus.
Test in vitro showed that it can kill ascitic cancer cells of the mice. In addition, it also has actions of antihistamine and weak excitation on the parasympathetic nerve.
The fruit, without the seed, is decocted for the treatment of arthritis, fever and a wide range of other ailments.
The stembark is astringent, antimalarial and tonic.
The plant is antibacterial, diuretic, hypotensive and a urinary antiseptic.
Cornus Officinalis has been tested in liver cancer:
Composition of Cornus Officinalis:Cornusiin A, cornusiin B and cornusiin C, cornuside, are dimeric, monomeric and trimeric hydrolyzable tannins, loganin, morroniside, Dimethyltetrahydrofuran cis-2,5-dicarboxylate a furan derivative, gallic acid, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, butyl 2-methylpropyl ester, isopropyl myristate, anthocyanins.
Chemoprevention against hepatocellular carcinoma of Cornus officinalis in vitro.:
The water extracts of Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zuce against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was studied for its chemopreventive potential. Three HCC cell lines (HepG2, SK-Hep1 and PLC/PRF/5) and three leukemic cell lines (U937, K562 and Raji) were tested with XTT assay. Extracts of C. officinalis inhibited all these HCC cells and leukemic cells at a concentration of 100 microg/ml (P < 0.05) and was dose-dependent (P < 0.0001). P53 (P< 0.0001) and Ras significantly affected its activity against HCC. Extracts of C. officinalis also possessed the anti-oxidant activity through free radicals scavenging activity at a concentration of 50 microg/ml (P < 0.05). In summary, our experiment implied that C. officinalis might be a candidate for chemopreventive agent against HCC through the antioxidant and anti-neoplastic effects.
Corni fructus as the major herb of Die-Huang-Wan for lowering plasma glucose in Wistar rats.:
Die-Huang-Wan is a mixture of six herbs used to lower plasma glucose by increasing insulin secretion in normal rats. Die-Huang-Wan contains the herbs dioscorea (Dioscoreae rhizoma), cornus (Corni fructus), alisma (Rhizoma alismatis), holelen (Poria), rehmannia (Rehmanniae radix) and tree peony bark (Moutan radicis cortex). The present study was designed to clarify the major herb contributing to the plasma glucose-lowering action of Die-Huang-Wan in rats. A decrease in plasma glucose was not observed in Wistar rats treated with the cornus-deleted formula of Die-Huang-Wan; however, the action was retained in the other herb-deleted formulas containing cornus. In normal rats, the decrease in plasma glucose and increase in plasma insulin concentrations were dependent on the dose of cornus and were similar to those produced by Die-Huang-Wan. Treatment of Wistar rats with each of the other five herbs separately did not result in a decrease in plasma glucose. Moreover, the increase in plasma insulin or reduction in plasma glucose resulting from cornus treatment was blocked by atropine or 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine methiodide mustard, indicating mediation of muscarinic M(3) receptors similar to that caused by Die-Huang-Wan. These results suggest that cornus is the major contributor to the plasma glucose-lowering action in Die-Huang-Wan in normal rats.
Effect of alcohol extract of Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc on GLUT4 expression in skeletal muscle in type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic mellitus rats.:
Based on its effects of decreasing postprandial plasma glucose and increasing insulin level in non-insulin-dependent diabetic mellitus (NIDDM) rats, we studied the effects of Alcohol extract of Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc on the GLUT4 expression in NIDDM model rats. CONCLUSION: This experiment demonstrated that alcohol extract of Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc can increase GLUT4 mRNA and its protein expression in NIDDM rats through promoting proliferation of islet and increasing postprandial secretion of insulin and therefore accelerate glucose transport.
Characterization, quantification, and bioactivities of anthocyanins in Cornus species.:
Cornus mas, Cornus officinalis, Cornus controversa, and Cornus kousa (Cornaceae) bear edible fruits that are consumed in parts of Europe and Asia. This study undertook the investigation of the presence and levels of anthocyanins in the fruits of these Cornus species by HPLC. The anthocyanins present in Cornelian cherries, C. mas, are delphinidin 3-O-beta-galactopyranoside (1), cyanidin 3-O-beta-galactopyranoside (2), and pelargonidin 3-O-beta-galactopyranoside (3). C. officinalis contains only anthocyanins 1-3, similar to C. mas, but in different proportions. However, C. controversa contains anthocyanins 1-3 among other anthocyanins, but Chinese dogwood, C. kousa, did not contain 1-3. The contents of pure anthocyanins 1, 2, and 3 in 1 kg of fresh fruits of C. mas, C. officinalis, and C. controversa were 280, 1079, and 710 ppm; 11, 77, and 230 ppm; and 600, 1000, and 700 ppm, respectively. In cyclooxygenase (COX)-I and -II enzyme inhibitory assays, anthocyanins 1-3 (all 40 microM) showed activities of 9.2 and 11.7%; 7.6 and 12.4%; and 5.3 and 7.8%, respectively, compared to Naproxen (54.3 and 41.3%; 10 microM), ibuprofen (47.5 and 39.8%; 10 microM), Celebrex (46.2 and 66.3%; 1.67 ppm), and Vioxx (23.8 and 88.1%, 1.67 ppm). In the antioxidant assay, anthocyanins 1-3 (all 40 microM) showed activities of 70.2, 60.1, and 40.3%, respectively. At 10 microM concentration, commercial synthetic antioxidants tert-butylhydroquinone, butylated hydroxytoluene, butylated hydroxyanisole, and vitamin E gave 83.2, 79.7, 82.1, and 10.2% of antioxidant activity, respectively.
A substance isolated from Cornus officinalis enhances the motility of human sperm::
The effects of Chinese herb, Cornus officinalis, on the motility of human sperm was studied. An aqueous extract was prepared from the dried fruits of the herb and used in this study.
Scientific References:
1.What is Cornus fruit or Dogwood fruit and how to use it?
Claims & Warning:
Claims: Information this web site presented is meant for Nutritional Benefit and as an educational starting point only, for use in maintenance and promotion good health in cooperation with a common knowledge base reference...Furthermore,it based solely on the traditional and historic use or legend of a given herb from the garden of Adonis. Although every effort has been made to ensure its accurate, please note that some info may be outdated by more recent scientific developments......
Pharmakon Warning: The order of knowledge is not the transparent order of forms and ideas,as one might be tempted retrospectively to interpret it; it is the antidote....(Dissemination,Plato's Pharmacy,II.The Ingredients:Phantasms,Festivals,and Paints;138cf. Jacques Derrida.).
And as it happens,the technique of imitation,along with the production of the simulacrum,has always been in Plato's eyes manifestly magical,thaumaturgical:......and the same things appear bent and straight to those who view them in water and out,or concave and convex,owing to similar errors of vision about colors, and there is obviously every confusion of this sort in our souls.And so scene painting (skiagraphia) in its exploitation of this weakness of four nature falls nothing short of witchcraft (thaumatopoia), and so do jugglery and many other such contrivances.(Republic X,602c-d;cf.also 607c).
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Serie No.:P013.Basic Data Sheet Download
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seminal trace...Dogwood Fruit Extract.Asiatic dogwood fruit extract.Cornus fruit extract.Cornus officinalis extract.Corni Fructus extract....
Botanical Data of Cornus Fruit:
About Dogwoods: Dogwoods got their name from the Middle Ages when the wood was used as skewers or "dogs." But, today these plants are widely used in landscapes for their beautiful flowers, showy fruit, winter color and attractive foliage. Birds relish the fruit and often eat every last one off a plant as soon as they're ripe. There are 17 species of dogwood native to North America and they range in size from small to large shrubs and small trees. Dogwood berries are eaten by over 98 species of birds! These include: bluebirds, brown thrashers, cardinals, cedar waxwings, flickers, gray catbird, mockingbirds, robins, song sparrows, thrushes, vireos and woodpeckers.
Main Effective Constituents:
Scientific References:
Claims & Warning:
