Slippery Elm - the funny sounding herb with serious significance.

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   Basic Botanical Data of Slippery Elm:

 Elm, Slippery
 Botanical: Ulmus fulva (MICH.)
 Family: N.O. Urticaceae Order: Ulmaceae
 Official Latin Name: Ulmus fulva
 English Name:Elm,Sibiria Elm
 Botanical names: Ulmus rubra, Ulmus fulva,Slippery Elm,Michaux
 Scientific Names: Ulmus rubra Muhl., Ulmus fulva Muhl.Slippery elm,Ulmus pumila L.
 Other Names: American Elm, Elm, Indian Elm, Moose Elm, Red Elm, Sweet Elm, Ulmus fulva, Ulmus rubra, Winged Elm,Ulmus rubra (Muhl.), rock elm, winged elm.
 Synonyms:Red Elm,Moose Elm,Indian Elm.
 Habitat:China, The United States.
 Parts used and Habitat:The inner bark.The whole bark is shaved from the tree, and after the outer bark is removed the inner portion is dried usually under pressure so that it will remain flat.
 The slippery elm tree is native to North America, where it still grows primarily. The inner bark of the tree is the main part used for medicinal preparations.

 

 Basic Botanical Data of Slippery Elm:
 What Is It? Basic Botanical Data of Slippery Elm Bark:
 Phytochemicals and Constituents.
 Property Uses,Nutrients and Indications:
 Discovery of Slippery Elm:
 Overview and Value of Slippery Elm:
 What Is Slippery Elm Used for Today?Information About This Extract:
 Common Traditional Usage List of slippery Elm:
 Historical Uses and Legend:
 Classical Slippery elm Remedy:
 Health Benefits of Slippery elm Bark:
 Supplemental Uses of Slippery Elm:
 Preparations and Suggestions:
 Modern Research:Slippery Elm (Ulmus fulva) soothing herbal bark
 Research Updated:Slippery Elm or Ulmus fulva.


   What Is It? Basic Botanical Data of Slippery Elm Bark:

 Well before the first European settlers arrived in North America, Native American tribes had discovered that by scraping away the rough outer bark of the majestic slippery elm tree (Ulmus rubra), they could uncover a remarkable healing substance in the inner bark. They beat the bark into a powder and added water to create a "slippery" concoction ideal for soothing toothaches, healing scrapes, and dispelling constipation.

 Later, surgeons in the American Revolution turned to this wilderness remedy to treat gunshot wounds. During the same period, a wholesome and nutritious broth made from the bark was fed to infants and older people.

 Long recognized by health authorities in the United States as an effective medicine, slippery elm bark presently has the approval of the Food and Drug Administration as a nonprescription demulcent (soothing agent) that can be taken internally.

 Various sources refer to this classic North American herb as American elm, Indian elm, moose elm, red elm, and sweet elm. Don't get confused by the names: Just make sure any product that you purchase actually contains the pale inner bark of Ulmus rubra Muhl (once also known as Ulmus fulva Michx).
 The leaves, which are in two rows, are darkish green, rough-looking and elliptical, and have notched edges. The underside of the leaf is covered with soft hairs.

 The bark is dark brown, changing to a lighter brown and becoming hairy on the twigs. The inner bark is white, has a faint smell and contains mucilage which makes it "slippery". This inner bark has had many medicinal uses, including as a poultice for treating wounds by surgeons during the American Revolution.

 The Slippery Elm flowers in April when the leaves begin to come out. The flowers are light green and are supported on the twigs by a very short stem (see photograph). The fruit is a samara ("key"), is light green, broad, almost round, and matures in the spring before the leaves are fully out. The Latin species name "rubra" refers to the buds, which are brown with rust-colored hairs.


 Slippery Elm Bark is also known by the names Red Elm, Moose Elm, Indian Elm, and Winged Elm. Slippery Elm grows widely throughout North America. The part of this plant used medicinally is the inner bark, which contains mucilage, a long chain of sugars (polysaccharides) that make a slippery substance when combined with water. Nineteenth century midwives used Slippery Elm to lubricate their hands when performing gynecological exams. This herb was also consumed the last few weeks of pregnancy to facilitate labor. Slippery Elm is rich in nutrients and is easy to digest, making it an excellent food during times of digestive discomfort. It can be made into a gruel. In times of famine, early American settlers used it as a survival food. George Washington and his troops survived for several days on Slippery Elm gruel during the bitter winter at Valley Forge. Native Americans found innumerable medicinal and other uses for this tree. Canoes, baskets, and other household goods were made from the tree and its bark. Slippery Elm was also used internally for conditions such as sore throats and diarrhea. As a poultice, it was considered a remedy for many inflammatory skin conditions. The powdered bark can be fed to people that cannot keep any food down such as chemotherapy patients or those recuperating from illness. This herb is also recommended for those who are wasting away, failing to thrive, and losing weight. It is so safe, Slippery Elm can be added to baby food as a nutritive, and is also good for babies who cannot digest milk. The primary chemical constituents of Slippery Elm include mucilage (galactose), starch, tannins, calcium, vanadium, and zinc. The herb works with the body to draw out impurities and toxins, assisting with the healing of all body parts. Slippery Elm's coating action soothes the irritated tissues of the intestines, colon, urinary tract, and stomach ulcers. Slippery Elm is also beneficial in alleviating inflammation caused by arthritis, and for soothing sore throats. The common name Slippery Elm includes the species Ulmus fulva (traditional Slippery Elm), which is used interchangeably with Ulmus rubra.

 Leaves are simple, alternate, deciduous, doubly serrate, ovate, very rough, and up to 7 inches long with an unequal leaf base. Twigs are mucilaginous (slippery) with red-brown hairs and black-red striped, maroon-hairy, ovoid buds. Bark is red-brown with interlacing ridges and brown inner bark. Fruit is a round, slightly notched samara without hair. The elms have a vase-shaped form. Slippery elm is found on a variety of sites in the east and central U.S. and is tolerant of shade. The wood is used for boxes, pallets and furniture. The inner bark is used in home remedies (throat lozenges) and reported to ease thirst when chewed.
 

 Slippery elm (Ulmus, U.S.P.; Elm) is the dried bark of the slippery elm, Ulmus fulva, Michaux (N.O. Urticaceae), deprived of the dark outer portion. The bark usually occurs in large strips, several decimetres in length, but only about 3 millimetres thick, consisting of secondary bast. The outer surface is reddish-yellow, with patches of the brown outer portion, and is longitudinally striated; inner surface, tawny yellow. The bark is extremely tough and fibrous. The transverse section is minutely chequered, and, after moistening, exhibits numerous cells filled with transparent, swollen mucilage. Odour, strong, resembling foenugreek; taste, very mucilaginous.


   Phytochemicals and Constituents.

 Active Compounds:Mucilage, composed of galactose, 3-methyl galactose, rhamnose and galacturonic acid residues.

 The chief constituent of slippery elm bark is mucilage, of which it contains so much that 10 grains of the powdered bark will convert a fluid ounce of water into a thick jelly. It also contains a little tannin.

 The bark contains a complex mixture of polysaccharides including pentoses, methyl-pentoses and hexoses that form a soothing gelatinous fiber or mucilage. The bark also contains high concentrations of anti-oxidants including beta-sitosterol, traces of beta-carotene and flavonoids including proanthocyanidins.

 The mucilage of slippery elm, found in the inner bark, gives it the soothing effect for which it is known.2 In people with heartburn, the mucilage appears to act as a barrier against the damaging effects of acid on the esophagus. It may also have an anti-inflammatory effect locally in the stomach and intestines. This soothing effect may also extend to the throat. Clinical research, verifying these effects in humans has not been conducted.

 The principal constituent of the bark is the mucilage contained in large cells in the bast. This mucilage is very similar to that found in linseed. It is precipitated by solutions of acetate and subacetate of lead, although not by alcohol The mucilage does not dissolve, but only swells in water and is so abundant that 10 grains of the powdered bark will make a thick jelly with an ounce of water.
 Microscopic examination of the tissue of the bark shows round starch grains and very characteristic twin crystals of Calcium oxalate.

 

   Property Uses,Nutrients and Indications:

  Properties: Antacid, Antineoplastic, Astringent, Demulcent, Emollient, Expectorant, Mucilant, Nutritive,
  Primary Nutrients: Calcium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Phosphorus, Potassium, Selenium, Sodium, Vitamins A, F, K, P, Selenium and Zinc
  Primary Uses: Abscesses, Asthma, Bronchitis, Burns, Colitis, Colon Problems, Constipation, Coughs, Diaper rash, Diarrhea, Gastric Disorders, Lung Problems
  Secondary Uses: Appendicitis, Bladder Problems, Boils, Cancer, Croup, Diphtheria, Dysentery, Eczema, Eyes, Hemorrhoids, Herpes, Inflammation, Kidney problems, Pain, Phlegm, Pneumonia, Sores, Syphilis, Throat/sore, Tuberculosis, Tumors, Ulcers, Uterine Problems, Vaginal Irritation, Warts, Worms, Wounds, Whooping Cough
 While there has been little scientific research on slippery elm, it has a long history of use based on clinical experience. Some of the conditions that seem to respond to slippery elm include:
 Sore throat,Cough,Mild respiratory ailments
 Gastritis,peptic ulcer,and other gastrointestinal conditions
 Diarrhea,Skin softener
 Wounds,burns,boils,and other skin conditions (external)


   Discovery of Slippery Elm:
 

 Almost a century ago, in a small church in Cambridge, Massachusetts, it was discovered that an organic substance by the name of Slippery Elm was being used by members of the church choir to soothe their tired, red, sore throats after long Sunday morning church services. The people who were using Slippery Elm had much better and stronger vocal chords by Tuesday night practice than the other choir members.

 Word of this natural remedy spread throughout the church choirs in New England. Over time, the word got out to opera, rock, country and contemporary singers, as well as the number one user group, professional voice teachers. Voice teachers prefer Slippery Elm because it treats the vocal chords' abraded membranes without menthol. Most cough drops use menthol to dull throat pain. Singers do not like menthol since it causes the temporary loss of control of their vocal chords.

 The Slippery Elm tree (ulmus fulva) grows in the eastern part of the United States and Canada. The part of the tree that is used for medicinal purposes is the inner bark. The inner bark is ground into a powder and then combined with a crystalline substance to form a throat lozenge.
 It is recognized by the U.S. Pharmacopeia and the F.D.A. as an effective treatment to soothe inflamed mucous membranes in the mouth and throat.Once again proving that nothing is better than nature for treating physical problems.


   Overview and Value of Slippery Elm:

 The Slippery Elm is a small tree abundant in various parts of North America.
 The branches are very rough, the leaves long, unequally toothed, rough with hairs on both sides, the leaf-buds covered with a dense yellow Wool. The flowers are stalkless.
 The inner bark has important medicinal value and is an official drug of the United States Pharmacopoeia.

 The bark, which is the only part used, is collected in spring from the bole and larger branches and dried. Large quantities are collected, especially in the lower part of the state of Michigan. As the wood has no commercial value, the tree is fully stripped and consequently dies.

 The bark as it appears in commerce for use in medicine consists only of the inner bark or bast and is sold in flat pieces 2 to 3 feet long and several inches wide, but only about 1/8 to 1/16 of an inch in thickness. It is very tough and flexible, of a fine fibrous texture, finely striated longitudinally on both surfaces, the outer surface reddish-yellow, with patches of reddish brown, which are part of the outer bark adhering to the inner bast. It has an odour like Fenugreek and a very mucilaginous, insipid taste. The strips can be bent double without breaking: if broken, the rough fracture is mealy, strongly but finely fibrous. The clean transverse section shows numerous medullary rays and altemate bands of bast parenchyma, thus giving it a chequered appearance. A section moistened and left for a few minutes, and again examined, shows large swollen mucilage cells.

 The powdered bark is sold in two forms: a coarse powder for use as poultices and a fine powder for making a mucilaginous drink. The disintegrated bark forms, when moistened, a flexible and spongy tissue, which is easily moulded into pessaries, teats, and suppositories.

 It is recommended that ten-year-old bark should be used.
 The powder should be greyish or fawncoloured. If dark or reddish, good results will not be obtained. The powdered bark is said to be often adulterated with damaged flour and other starchy substances.


 Slippery elm inner bark is very rich in mucilage, a complex mixture of polysaccharides that form a soothing gelatinous fiber when water is added. The pleasant tasting high fibre 'gruel' or porridge made by adding water to the bark was traditionally used as both a food and a medicine by First Nations peoples, and later by European colonists. The mucilage was traditionally used internally for soothing sore throats and tonsillitis, coughs, dryness of the lungs and digestive upsets, and externally for healing wounds and other skin inflammations. Slippery elm tree and root bark were also used as folk remedies for treating many serious degenerative diseases. The bark is particularly recommended for soothing gastric diseases.

  The viscous fiber has several beneficial effects on digestion:

 1) it reduces bowel transit time;
 2) it absorbs toxins from the bowel;
 3) it increases fecal bulk and dilutes stool materials thereby reducing stool contact with the intestinal mucosa; and

 4) it enhances beneficial bacteria in the gut and provides an excellent substrate for bacterial fermentation. Eliminating estrogenic anaerobes from the gut can significantly help the body to regain critical hormone balances that are required for basic health.

 The bark has noted anti-inflammatory activity and because the mucilage resists hydrolysis and digestion by stomachs acids and enzymes, it therefore maintains it's soothing action throughout the entire digestive system. Slippery elm bark mucilage also helps to moisten the throat, nasal passages, and lungs. Slippery elm bark was also traditionally used for treating abscesses, dysentery, urinary conditions and fever. Poultices were traditionally used to support bone and joint health, reduce swollen glands and stop the spread of infections.
 Often used as a digestive tonic, Slippery Elm helps soothe the mucous membranes of the throat and the entire digestive tract. It's a popular herbal ingredient in natural throat and cough lozenges. In capsules, this herb makes a wonderful stomach-soother and digestive aid.


 Slippery elm is a deciduous tree native to the United States and Canada. The inner bark of the slippery elm was used widely by the Native Americans and later by the early American settlers. In fact, a gruel made from slippery elm bark sustained George Washington¡¯s army during the bitter winter at Valley Forge.

 Slippery elm is rich in nutrients, easy to digest and soothing to the digestive system. For centuries people have used it to support the digestive system and to maintain regular waste elimination.

 Slippery Elm is also known by the names Red Elm, Moose Elm and Indian Elm. It helps relieve digestive discomfort and provides mucilage to soothe the digestive tract. Mucilage is a long chain of sugars (polysaccharides) that make a slippery substance when combined with water.

 Slippery Elm is rich in nutrients and easy to digest, making it an excellent food during times of digestive discomfort. It can be made into gruel. In times of famine, early American settlers used it as a survival food; George Washington and his troops survived for several days on slippery elm gruel during the bitter winter at Valley Forge.

 Slippery elm supplies mucilage to soothe the digestive and intestinal tracts. Mucilage is a long chain of sugars that form a slippery substance when combined with water. Mucilage can settle the digestive tract, absorb toxins from the bowel and help maintain regular elimination patterns.

 NSP Slippery Elm bark is guaranteed to be the finest available, packaged in preservative-free capsules to ensure that you are getting optimal nutrients without unwanted substances.*

 These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

 

   What Is Slippery Elm Used for Today?Information About This Extract:

 Slippery elm has not been scientifically studied to any significant extent. It's primarily used today as a cough lozenge, widely available in pharmacies. Based on its soothing properties, slippery elm is also sometimes recommended for treating irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease (such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis), gastritis, esophageal reflux (heartburn), and hemorrhoids. However, there is no meaningful evidence that it is helpful for any of these conditions.

  Common Uses: Slippery Elm Bark is a soothing nutritive demulcent which is perfectly suited for sensitive or inflamed mucous membrane linings in the digestive system. It may be used in gastritis, gastric or duodenal ulcer, enteritis, colitis and the like. It is often used as a food during convalescence as it is gentle and easily assimilated. In diarrhea it will soothe and astringe at the same time. Externally it makes an excellent poultice for use in cases of boils, abscesses or ulcers.

  Suggested Use: 30 to 50 drops in water or juice three to four times daily or as recommended by your health practitioner.

  Herbal Anecdote: The plant contains mucilage, a long chain of sugars (polysaccharides) that make a slippery substance when combined with water. George Washington and his troops survived for several days on slippery elm gruel during the bitter winter at Valley Forge

  Combinations: Slippery Elm & Marshmallow Powder:This is delicious, (some people prefer it to straight slippery elm for the extra effectiveness of the additional herbs). It is ideal for maintaining and soothing the stomach and bowel, lining and calming irritations and unbalanced production of some digestive juices. It can be mashed into a banana, using one tablespoon at a time, up to five times daily or add to 1/2 cup of water or apple juice to the powder, place in a jar and shake vigorously and drink immediately.


   Common Traditional Usage List of slippery Elm:
 

 Anti-inflammatory
 Antioxidant
 Breathing Disorders
 Cellular Regeneration
 Cleansing
 Constipation
 Detoxifying
 Diarrhea
 Digestive Upsets
 Diverticulitis
 Endotoxic Shock (Bacterial Infection Toxemia)
 Gastritis
 Hemorrhoids/Piles
 Hormone Imbalances
 Irritable Bowel Syndrome
 Poultice
 Reducing LDL Cholesterol
 Sore Throat

 

   Historical Uses and Legend:

 The historical information presented here is for educational purposes only. These statements have not been evaluated by the FDA. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

 All species of elm contain varying amounts of mucilage, which may help to relieve coughs and other symptoms that are associated with respiratory conditions such as bronchitis. Mucilage may also make elm useful for treating gastrointestinal conditions. Mucilage is a substance that swells up and becomes slippery, but does not dissolve when mixed with fluids. It coats the mouth, esophagus, and gastrointestinal tract with a slick residue. Therefore, it may soothe a sore throat, help to alleviate the pain of colic or stomach ulcers, and relieve inflammatory bowel conditions. Additionally, elm may promote the production of gastrointestinal mucus, further protecting the linings of the stomach and intestines. Results from a recent laboratory study suggest that elm contains antioxidants that may reduce intestinal inflammation. Antioxidants are thought to protect body cells from damage caused by a chemical process called oxidation. Oxidation produces oxygen free radicals, natural chemicals that may suppress immune function. No human studies have been conducted to confirm any of these traditional uses of elm.

 Slippery Elm Bark is also known by the names Red Elm, Moose Elm, Indian Elm, and Winged Elm. Slippery Elm grows widely throughout North America. The part of this plant used medicinally is the inner bark, which contains mucilage, a long chain of sugars (polysaccharides) that make a slippery substance when combined with water. Nineteenth century midwives used Slippery Elm to lubricate their hands when performing gynecological exams. This herb was also consumed the last few weeks of pregnancy to facilitate labor. Slippery Elm is rich in nutrients and is easy to digest, making it an excellent food during times of digestive discomfort. It can be made into a gruel. In times of famine, early American settlers used it as a survival food. George Washington and his troops survived for several days on Slippery Elm gruel during the bitter winter at Valley Forge. Native Americans found innumerable medicinal and other uses for this tree. Canoes, baskets, and other household goods were made from the tree and its bark. Slippery Elm was also used internally for conditions such as sore throats and diarrhea. As a poultice, it was considered a remedy for many inflammatory skin conditions. The powdered bark can be fed to people that cannot keep any food down such as chemotherapy patients or those recuperating from illness. This herb is also recommended for those who are wasting away, failing to thrive, and losing weight. It is so safe, Slippery Elm can be added to baby food as a nutritive, and is also good for babies who cannot digest milk. The primary chemical constituents of Slippery Elm include mucilage (galactose), starch, tannins, calcium, vanadium, and zinc. The herb works with the body to draw out impurities and toxins, assisting with the healing of all body parts. Slippery Elm's coating action soothes the irritated tissues of the intestines, colon, urinary tract, and stomach ulcers. Slippery Elm is also beneficial in alleviating inflammation caused by arthritis, and for soothing sore throats. The common name Slippery Elm includes the species Ulmus fulva (traditional Slippery Elm), which is used interchangeably with Ulmus rubra.

 Elm may be used to treat constipation. In the gastrointestinal tract, the mucilage in elm absorbs water. However, because the body cannot digest mucilage, the soft mass that it forms moves through the intestines. Additionally, it may prompt muscles in the intestines to contract. Both effects may help to relieve constipation, but they have not been proved in human studies.

 Topically, elm may be applied to the skin surface to relieve minor injuries such as burns, cold sores, razor burn, scrapes, and sunburn. Typically applied as a poultice -- a soft cloth soaked in a medication and applied to an injured area of skin -- elm has also been made into salves by mixing it with an oily ointment base.

 Native Americans found innumerable medicinal and other uses for this tree. Canoes, baskets, and other household goods were made from the tree and its bark. Slippery elm was also used internally for conditions such as sore throats and diarrhea.1 As a poultice, it was considered a remedy for many inflammatory skin conditions.


 Classical Slippery elm Remedy:

  1.Slippery elm and treatment of gastrointestinal symptoms:

 Slippery elm has been used in Ayurvedic and Traditional Chinese Medicine for gastrointestinal symptoms including bloody diarrhea.
 This herb is thought to work for such intestinal problems because of its demulcent properties, which means that it coats and soothes the digestive tract. Recent laboratory research on slippery elm suggests that this traditional application may prove to have scientific merit in treating inflammatory bowel disease (namely, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis); the authors of this study propose that it is the antioxidant properties of slippery elm that would offer such protection. Conclusions regarding this preliminary information, however, will have to wait on studies of people.

  2.Slippery elm used as Natural Demulcent and emollient:

 Slippery elm bark is used chiefly as a demulcent in catarrhal affections of the intestine and urinary tract, and in diarrhoea and dysentery. The powdered bark is sometimes mixed with hot water to form a poultice.
 Demulcent, emollient, expectorant, diuretic, nutritive. The bark of this American Elm, though not in this country as in the United States an official drug, is considered one of the most valuable remedies in herbal practice, the abundant mucilage it contains having wonderfully strengthening and healing qualities.
 It not only has a most soothing and healing action on all the parts it comes in contact with, but in addition possesses as much nutrition as is contained in oatmeal, and when made into gruel forms a wholesome and sustaining food for infants and invalids. It forms the basis of many patent foods.

  3.Slippery Elm tea as general gastritis remedy:

 Slippery Elm Food is generally made by mixing a teaspoonful of the powder into a thin and perfectly smooth paste with cold water and then pouring on a pint of boiling water, steadily stirring meanwhile. It can, if desired, be flavoured with cinnamon, nutmeg or lemon rind.
 This makes an excellent drink in cases of irritation of the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines, and taken at night will induce sleep.
 Another mode of preparation is to beat up an egg with a teaspoonful of the powdered bark, pouring boiling milk over it and sweetening it.
 Taken unsweetened, three times a day, Elm Food gives excellent results in gastritis, gastric catarrh, mucous colitis and enteritis, being tolerated by the stomach when all other foods fail, and is of great value in bronchitis, bleeding from the lungs and consumption (being most healing to the lungs), soothing a cough and building up and preventing wasting.

  4.Slippery Elm drive away coughs and lung disease:

 A Slippery Elm compound excellent for coughs is made as follows:
 Cut obliquely one or more ounces of bark into pieces about the thickness of a match; add a pinch of Cayenne flavour with a slice of lemon and sweeten, infusing the whole in a pint of boiling water and letting it stand for 25 minutes. Take this frequently in small doses: for a consumptive patient, about a pint a day is recommended. It is considered one of the best remedies that can be given as it combines both demulcent and stimulating properties. Being mucilaginous, it rolls up the mucous material so troublesome to the patient and passes it down through the intestines.
 In typhoid fever, the Slippery Elm drink, prepared as for coughs, is recommended, serving a threefold purpose, to cleanse, heal and strengthen, the patient being allowed to drink as much as desired until thirst has abated, and other remedies can be used. If the patient is not thirsty, a dose of 2 large tablespoonfuls every hour for an adult has been prescribed.
 The bark is an ingredient in various lung medicines. A valuable remedy for Bronchitis and all diseases of the throat and lungs is compounded as follows: 1 teaspoonful Flax seed, 1 OZ. Slippery Elm bark, 1 OZ. Thoroughwort, 1 stick Liquorice, 1 quart water. Simmer slowly for 20 minutes. Strain and add 1 pint of the best vinegar and 1/2 pint of sugar. When cold, bottle. Dose: 1 tablespoonful two or three times a day.
 In Pleurisy, the following is also recommended: Take 2 oz. each of Pleurisy root, Marsh Mallow root, Liquorice root and Slippery Elm bark. Boil in 3 pints of water down to 3 gills. Dose: 1/2 teaspoonful every half-hour, to be taken warm.


  5.Slippery Elm bark Heart Remedy:

 As a heart remedy, a pint of Slippery Elm drink has been prescribed alternately with Bugleweed compound.
 Slippery Elm bark possesses also great influence upon diseases of the female organs.

  6.Slippery Elm Injection for diarrhoea:

 It is particularly valuable both medicinally and as an injection in dysentery and other diseases of the bowels, cystitis and irritation of the urinary tract. The injection for inflammation of the bowels is made from an infusion of 1 OZ. of the powder to 1 pint of boiling water, strained and used lukewarm. Other remedies should be given at the same time.
 An injection for diarrhoea may also be made as follows:
 1 drachm powdered Slippery Elm bark, 3 drachms powdered Bayberry, 1 drachm powdered Scullcap.
 Pour on 1/2 pint of boiling water, infuse for half an hour, strain, add a teaspoonful of tincture of myrrh and use lukewarm.

  7.Slippery Elm as enema for constipation:

 As an enema for constipation, 2 drachms of Slippery Elm bark are mixed well with 1 OZ. of sugar, then 1/2 pint of warm milk and water and an ounce of Olive Oil are gently stirred in.

  8.Injection for worms (Ascarides):

 1/2 drachm Aloes powder, 1 drachm common salt, 1/2 drachm Slippery Elm powder (fine). When well mixed, add 1/2 pint warm water and sweeten with molasses, stirring well.
 Slippery Elm mucilage is also prescribed to be mixed with Oil of Male Fern (2 oz. of the mucilage to 1 drachm of the oil) as a remedy for the expulsion of tapeworm


  9.Healing salve and Herbal poultices:

 The Red Indians have long used this viscous inner bark to prepare a healing salve, and in herbal medicine a Slippery Elm bark powder is considered one of the best possible poultices for wounds, boils, ulcers, burns and all inflamed surfaces, soothing, healing and reducing pain and inflammation.
 It is made as follows: Mix the powder with hot water to form the required consistency, spread smoothly upon soft cotton cloth and apply over the parts affected. It is unfailing in cases of suppurations, abscesses, wounds of all kinds, congestion, eruptions, swollen glands, etc. In simple inflammation, it may be applied directly over the part affected; to abscesses and old wounds, it should be placed between cloths. If applied to parts of the body where there is hair, the face of the poultice should be smeared with olive oil before applying.
 In old gangrenous wounds, an excellent antiseptic poultice is prepared by mixing with warm water or an infusion of Wormwood, equal parts of Slippery Elm powder and very fine charcoal and applying immediately over the part.
 A very valuable poultice in cases where it is desirable to hasten suppuration or arrest the tendency to gangrene is made by mixing the Slippery Elm powder with brewer's yeast and new milk.
 Compound Bran poultice is made by mixing with hot vinegar equal quantities of wheaten Bran with Slippery Elm powder. This is an excellent poultice for severe rheumatic and gouty affections, particularly of the joints, synovitis etc.
 Herbal poultices, generally made from the bruised, fresh leaves of special herbs, are frequently mixed with Slippery Elm and boiling water sufficient to give the mass consistency.
 Marshmallow Ointment, one of the principal ointments used in herbal medicine, has a considerable proportion of Slippery Elm bark in its composition. It is made as follows: 3 oz. Marshmallow leaves, 2 OZ. Slippery Elm bark powder, 3 oz. Beeswax, 16 OZ. Lard. Boil the Marshmallow and Slippery Elm bark in 3 pints of water for 15 minutes. Express, strain and reduce the liquor to half a pint. Melt together the lard and wax by gentle heat, then add the extract while still warm, shake constantly till all are thoroughly incorporated and store in a cool place.

  10.Slippery as antioxidant and preserve fatty substances:

 The bark of Slippery Elm is stated to preserve fatty substances from becoming rancid.
 It has been asserted that a pinch of the Slippery Elm powder put into a hollow tooth stops the ache and greatly delays decay, if used as soon as there is any sign of decay.
 Lozenges or troches containing 3 grains of Elm flavoured with methyl salicylate are used as a demulcent.


   Health Benefits of Slippery elm Bark:
 

 The popularity of slippery elm bark has endured, no doubt, because it works so well for coating and soothing irritated or inflamed mucous membranes. This is the work of an ingredient in the inner bark called mucilage, a gummy, gel-like substance that when ingested forms a protective layer along the throat, digestive tract, and other areas. Astringent compounds in the herb called tannins help tighten and constrict the tissue.
 For the same reasons, salves and ointments containing slippery elm have long been popular for coating well-cleaned minor wounds and burns to protect them from further injury.

  Specifically, slippery elm may help to:

 Soothe a cough, sore throat, and bronchitis. Slippery elm throat lozenges are particularly effective for easing a cough and soothing a sore throat, coating the area and reducing irritation. Warm slippery elm bark tea works for cough and sore throat too, as does a liquid extract. And for the pain of acute bronchitis, there may be no more soothing balm than several cups of slippery elm tea to lubricate and protect raw and irritated airways.

 Ease gastrointestinal symptoms of conditions such as Crohn's disease. Slippery elm's soothing mucilage effect is also used for disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. It is part of the herbal combination called "Robert's Formula," which is widely prized by naturopathic physicians for such intestinal inflammations as gastritis, Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis. Even the discomforts of heartburn or an ulcer may respond to this old-time home remedy.

  Digestive, Intestinal System Support:

 Soothing Support for the GI Tract.
 Supports healthy digestion.
 Soothes the digestive tract.
 Helps maintain normal elimination.
 Absorbs toxins from the bowel.
 Provides mucilage to soothe the digestive tract.
 Helps relieve throat & digestive discomfort.
 Supports body during convalescence.
 Used internally & externally for skin irritation.


   Supplemental Uses of Slippery Elm:

  1.Soothing properties:

 Little scientific evidence on slippery elm bark is available. Today, slippery elm bark is used mainly in Cough lozenges. Sometimes it is recommended for the following disorders: Irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease (such as Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative colitis), Gastritis, oesophageal reflux (Heartburn), and Haemorrhoids.

  2.Skin conditions:

 Slippery elm may be applied topically for Wounds, cuts, abrasions, and other surface irritations.

  3.Externally:

 Slippery Elm makes a wonderful poultice, applied locally, for drawing out toxins, especially those associated with boils, spots or abscesses and can assist the removal of splinters.
 Applied to wounds, burns and inflammation of any kind,Slippery Elm will help to soothe, heal and reduce swelling and pain.
 Because of the mucilage content of Slippery Elm, it can be just as valuable internally as externally.

  4.Internally:

 Slippery Elm can be used to help soothe many different types
 of digestive complaints, for example:
 Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
 Colitis and diverticulitis
 Inflammation of the gut or colic
 Can give instant relief to acid indigestion or 'reflux' (this is a common use for Slippery Elm)
 Ulcers anywhere in the gut (stomach & intestines)
 Diarrhoea - especially if mixed with a banana and powdered Marshmallow
 As a nutritive, Slippery Elm is a great food for debilitated states, and as a baby food
 It can also be useful for urinary infections - cystitis for example.
 Traditionally, Slippery Elm is also reported to ease chest, lung and bronchial conditions

 

   Preparations and Suggestions:

 Mucilage, U.S.P., made by digesting 6 grams of bruised Slippery Elm in 100 c.c. and heated in a closed vessel in a water-bath for 1 hour and then strained.

  For bronchitis:
 Acute: Drink two or three cups of slippery elm tea a day. To prepare the tea, add 1 tablespoon of dried herb or 1 tablespoon of liquid extract to a cup (8 ounces) of hot (not boiling) water.
 Chronic: Use the doses above during flare-ups; otherwise drink the tea as desired.

  For digestive disorders:

 1) prepare honey-sweetened porridge and eat as desired or
 2) take 500-1000mg of capsulized powder three times daily.

  For cough: Drink three cups of slippery elm tea a day. Alternatively, drink one cup of a slippery elm-containing herbal cough tea up to three times a day, as needed. Or suck on a slippery elm lozenge every two or three hours, as needed.

  For sore throat: As a tea, use 1 tablespoon of dried herb for each 8-ounce cup of hot (not boiling) water. Alternatively, mix 1 tablespoon of liquid extract in 8 ounces of hot water. Drink up to three cups daily. Or suck on a slippery elm lozenge every two or three hours, as desired.

  For Crohn's disease and other gastrointestinal upset: Use 1 tablespoon of liquid extract diluted in 8 ounces of hot (not boiling) water OR take 2 capsules of Robert's Formula (which contains slippery elm) four times a day.


  Ailments Dosage:Dosage and Suggested Amount: How much is usually taken?
 Bronchitis Acute: Drink 2 or 3 cups tea a day. Or add 1/2-1 tsp. liquid extract to a 1 cup (8 ounces) of hot water.
 Chronic: Use doses above during flare-ups; otherwise as desired.

 Cough Add 1 tsp. liquid extract to 1 cup (8 oz.) hot water 3 times a day. Alternatively, drink 1 cup slippery elm tea (or a slippery elm-containing herbal cough tea) up to 3 times a day as needed.
 Crohn's Disease As a tea: Pour 8 ounces hot water over 1 tbsp. of dried herb; drink up to 3 times a day.

 Sore Throat As a tea, 1 tbsp. dried herb per 8 oz. cup of hot water. Alternatively, mix 1 tbsp. liquid extract in 8 oz. of hot water. Drink up to 3 cups daily.

 Elm may be made into a drink or a thin cereal-type food (usually called ?gruel?) by mixing about one teaspoon of the powdered bark into about an ounce of cold water. Once the powdered elm bark is dissolved, up to 8 ounces of boiling water or other liquid may be added. Elm gruel has been used as food for babies and individuals who are unable to eat solid foods. Both elm gruel and drinks made from elm have a thick texture and a bland taste, so they are often flavored before consumption.

 Decoction: Use 1 part of the powdered bark to 8 parts of water. Mix the powder in a little water initially to ensure it will mix. Bring to the boil and simmer gently for l0-l5 minutes, Drink half a cup three times a day.
 Poultice: mix the coarse powdered bark with enough boiling water to make a paste.

 Slippery elm bark tea is taken 3-5 times per day, or as required. Alternatively, porridge of the bark can also be taken throughout the day, as required. Sufficient amounts of water (1:10) should be taken at the same time to ensure maximum therapeutic benefits and to prevent impacted bowel. Take slippery elm bark lozenges as needed throughout the day for coughs and throat irritations. Note: Wild crafting of slippery elm bark for the health food market has threatened these trees in their native habitats, and so it is recommended that consumers assure that they are using cultivated sources (such as from Flora) or use alternative herbs such as marshmallow root, also rich in mucilage.

 The dried inner bark in capsules or tablets, 800~1,000 mg three to four time per day, may be used. A tea can also be made by boiling 1/2~2 grams of the bark in 200 ml of water for ten to fifteen minutes, then cooled before drinking. Three to four cups a day can be used.3 Tincture, 5 ml three times per day, can be taken as well. Slippery elm is also an ingredient of some sore throat and cough lozenges.
 Suck cough lozenges as needed. For internal use, a typical dose is 500 to 1,000 mg of 3 times daily.


  Are there any side effects or interactions?

 Although elm is not known to interfere with any drugs, other herbals or foods; taking it by mouth may slow down or stop absorption of other substances from the intestines.
 Regular use of slippery elm bark may affect the absorption of tetracycline derivatives, oral anti-cholinergics, phenothiazines, digoxin, isoniazid, phenytoin, nalidixic acid, sulfonamides, and warfarin.
 Slippery elm bark may potentiate the antibiotic activity of Echinacea. To counter the effect, add milk or cream to tea.
 Slippery elm bark may affect the urinary excretion of alkaline drugs, such as amphetamines and quinidine.
 Use with caution in conjunction with CNS depressants or stimulants.
 Sedatives, hypnotics, and beta-adrenergic blocking agents may inhibit the anti-inflammatory activity of the herb.

 As with other sources of soluble fibre, slippery elm bark mucilage can interfere with the absorption of other medicines within the gut if they are taken at the same time. As such, take prescription medications at an alternate time to consuming slippery elm bark.

 Slippery elm is quite safe. There are no known reasons to avoid its use during pregnancy or breast feeding. However, because it is so mucilaginous, it may interfere with the absorption of medicine taken at the same time.

 No interactions have been identified between elm and drugs, other herbal products, or foods. However, because the mucilage that elm contains may coat the stomach and intestines, it may block or delay the absorption of drugs or nutrients. If elm is taken by mouth, the longest amount of time possible -- at least 2 hours -- should be allowed between taking elm and eating or taking medications.

 Some interactions between herbal products and medications can be more severe than others. The best way for you to avoid harmful interactions is to tell your doctor and/or pharmacist what medications you are currently taking, including any over-the-counter products, vitamins, and herbals. For specific information on how elm interacts with drugs, other herbals, and foods and the severity of those interactions, please use our Drug Interactions Checker to check for possible interactions.


  Contraindications:

 High fibre products are contraindicated in the case of impacted bowel or bowel blockage of any origin.

  Safety and Precautions:

 Slippery elm is considered a safe herb when taken at commonly recommended dosages. However, because of unknown health risks associated with using the whole bark, make sure to buy products that only contain the inner bark.
 The risks of using slippery elm preparations during pregnancy or while breast-feeding are unknown.
 Aside from occasional allergic reactions, slippery elm is relatively non-toxic. Formal studies have never been conducted on its safety.
 Safety in young children, nursing or pregnant women, and patients with severe liver kidney disease has not been determined.
 Slippery elm bark can cause Dermatitis while the pollen is allergenic.

 The outer bark of elm is known to contain chemicals that may cause pregnant women to miscarry. Although the inner bark, which is used in medicine, is not believed to contain these chemicals, pregnant women are still advised not to take elm.
 Using inner bark of elm is not known to cause problems during pregnancy. However, if any of the outer elm bark is ingested by a pregnant woman, a miscarriage is a remote possibility.


  Possible Side Effects:

 Some people develop an allergic rash when slippery elm is applied to the skin; stop using (externally and internally) if this happens.
 Aside from the risk of an allergic skin reaction, there are no side effects associated with the use of slippery elm at commonly recommended dosages.

 If sufficient amounts of liquid (1:10) are taken, as indicated above, then there are no known side effects. As with any type of fibre, it is important not to take too much all at once and over do it. If fibre is taken above the recommended dosage, or without adequate amounts of liquid, then impacted bowel can and may result causing related infections and thereby leading to the need for hospitalization - so don't over do it and drink lots of liquids when taking any source of fibre.

 Other than occasional allergic reactions, slippery elm has not been associated with any toxicity. However, its safety has never been formally studied. Safety in young children, pregnant or nursing women, or those with severe liver or kidney disease has not been established.
 Applying elm to the skin may cause burning, itching, rash, redness, or scaling at the site of application.
 Touching elm products or breathing elm tree pollen may cause allergic reactions in individuals who are sensitive to them.
 No side effects have been attributed to taking elm by mouth. It may cause rashes or other skin irritation if it is applied or handled.


   Modern Research:Slippery Elm (Ulmus fulva) soothing herbal bark:
 

 The native Ojibway tribe of Eastern North America prepared a blend of herbs which was shared with a French nurse called Rene Caisse. This still very popular herbal tea, now called Essiac (Caisse spelled backwards) is believed by many to be a treatment for cancer. One of the main ingredients of this blend is the soft, white inner bark of the native American Slippery Elm tree.
 Whether or not essiac tea is an effective cancer treatment, one thing is certain. Slippery elm bark by itself, is a very useful herb.
 When mixed with liquid, Slippery Elm bark becomes mucilaginous, or gel-like. This soothing characteristic makes it an effective, gentle treatment for constipation in babies. Mix 1 teaspoon of powder and a pinch of cinnamon in one cup of warm apple juice. Provide as much as the baby will drink.
 The dry powdered bark can be sprinkled on babies skin to soothe diaper rash. The powder can also be applied to chicken pox to soothe itching and dry oozing sores.


 If you are unfortunate enough to find yourself wounded, and lost in the woods, don't despair. Cut some strips of the white inner bark of the Slippery Elm tree and soak them in water. Apply the wet bark to your cleaned wounds and it will dry into a natural bandage. Just make sure you get lost in the eastern part of the United States, as Slippery Elm is not native to the western part of the country.

 One old fashion slippery elm product that is still popular throughout the country is the soothing Slippery elm lozenge. These soothing 'cough drops' can be purchased at herb and health food stores, but why waste your money? Restless children stuck in the house on a cold wintery day would have a blast mixing and rolling their own herbal throat soothers.

 In a bowl, mix 3 tablespoons Slippery Elm powder, one tablespoon Ginger root powder, and one teaspoon of Licorice root powder. Blend in enough Maple syrup or Honey to form a dough. (Keep in mind that it is not safe for children under 18 months of age to eat honey.) Roll into a long 'rope' and slice into 1/4-inch pieces. Place on a wax-papered cookie sheet and bake at 250 degrees until dry, about 20 minutes. Store in covered containers, and use as needed.

 Even the FDA admits that Slippery Elm bark is a safe and effective throat and respiratory soother. However, the high mucilage content of Slippery Elm may interfere with some prescribed medications. If in doubt, consult your doctor.

 It was once thought that the deciduous Slippery Elm trees were resistant to Dutch Elm Disease which has devastated the population of its close relative, the American Elm. We now know otherwise.

 Because of the destruction of Dutch Elm Disease The United Plant Savers Association has listed Slippery Elm as an endangered species. Therefore, when harvesting surviving trees, it is best to use bark from large branches. Cutting too much of the main trunk may kill this stately tree which has given of itself so generously.


  Scientific References:

  1.Slippery Elm - the funny sounding herb with serious significance.