How to Use wheat bran and its extracts?
Article Content:
- .Basic Botanical Info.
- .Botanical Description and Identification.
- .History and Origin of Wheat.
- .Beneficial Nutrients and Phytochemicals.
- .Health Benefits of Wheat Bran.
- .Uses of Wheat.
- .Wheat Germ and Wheat Bran Benefits.
- .What is Wheat Germ Oil and its uses?.
- .Botanical Classification of Wheat.
- .Modern Research Update of Wheat Bran.
Beneficial Nutrients and Phytochemicals.
Nutritional Information:
Whole-Grain vs. Refined Wheat
The nutritional composition of wheat products is highly variable, depending on the extent to which they are processed.
Whole-grain wheat products (whole-wheat flour and bread, wheat bran, wheat germ, bulgur, pasta) generally provide greater benefits than refined wheat products (white flour and bread).
Beneficial Nutrients and Phytochemicals:
Whole-grain wheat products are high in complex carbohydrates and fibre and also provide substantial amounts of protein, essential fatty acids, minerals (iron, zinc, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, selenium), vitamins (vitamin E and most B vitamins), antioxidants and phytosterols.
Wheat germ oil is a very concentrated source of vitamin E. Consuming only 4 g of what germ oil provides 7.7 mg of vitamin E, which is approximately half of the recommended daily intake.
Chemistry:Per 100 g, the grain is reported to contain 326~335 calories, 11.57~14.0 g H2O, 9.4~14.0 g protein, 1.8~2.5 g fat, 69.1~75.4 g total carbohydrate, 1.8~2.3 g fiber, 1.7 g ash, 36~46 mg Ca, 354~400 mg P, 3.0~4.3 mg Fe, 370~435 mg K, 0.43~0.66 mg thiamine, 0.11~0.12 mg riboflavin, and 4.3~5.3 mg niacin. The grain contains allantoin plus uricase; sinapic acid has been isolated from wheat germ. The grain is said to cause poisoning in stock, though no toxic principle has been found. Wheat can absorb toxic concentrations of selenium but "selenium" wheat rarely causes poisoning (Watt and Breyer-Brandwijk, 1962). One kg of grain contains 0.03 mg As2O3; grain also contains Mg, Mn, Zn, Fe, and Cu. Amino acid composition is shown above
Wheat germ oil is rich in tocopherols (vit. E) and essential fatty acids. Sitosterol, ergosterol, and campesterol, phospatidic and glyceroinositophosphatidic acids, phytoglycolipid, serine, etc., are also reported. Wheat contains ca 1% pectin. Wheat bran oil is also high in tocopherols, 68% of which is epsilon-tocopherol. Alpha-tocopherol, which has the highest vit. E activity of the tocopherols, constitutes only 11% of the tocopherols in the bran oil. Much more detail on wheat chemistry can be found in the Wealth of India (C.S.I.R., 1948~1976). Fresh forage contains 30~35% DM, of which (ZMB) 8.6~23.3% is CP, 15.1~21.5% CF, 6.1~11.6% ash, 1.8~3.7% EE, and 40.1~66.0 NFE. Straw, on the other hand, contains 92.0% DM, of which 3.1% is CP, 45.4% CF, 10.2% ash, 1.1% EE, and 40.2% NFE. Indian hay (ZMB) contained 5.1% CP, 35.1% CF, 7.2% ash, 1.3% EE, and 51.3% NFE; Indian silage 3.5% Cp, 39.4% CF, 14.6% ash, 0.5% EE, and 42.0% NFE (Gohl, 1981). Leaf protein isolate contains (g/16g N): methionine, 2.39; tryptophane, 1.41; histidine, 1.97; arginine, 9.16; and total lysine.
Essential amino acids in wheat proteins.
| Inner endosperm (%) | Outer endosperm (%) | Bran(%) | Germ(%) | Whole wheat (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arginine | 2.92 | 4.50 | 7.53 | 6.20 | 3.81 |
| Histidine | 1.65 | 1.74 | 1.68 | 3.03 | 1.65 |
| Isoleucine | 7.02 | 6.56 | 4.50 | 5.23 | 6.97 |
| Leucine | 9.14 | 7.98 | 6.52 | 7.33 | 8.27 |
| Lysine | 1.92 | 2.60 | 3.87 | 5.44 | 2.80 |
| Methionine | 1.12 | 1.40 | 1.09 | 1.28 | 1.32 |
| Phenylalanine | 3.95 | 3.43 | 2.45 | 2.47 | 3.68 |
| Threonine | 2.56 | 2.72 | 2.85 | 6.28 | 2.78 |
| Tryptophan | 0.93 | 1.12 | 1.83 | 0.90 | 1.03 |
| Valine | 3.65 | 4.02 | 4.10 | 4.20 | 4.00 |
Reference:
1.How to Use wheat bran and its extracts?
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