Sorghum bicolor logogriph,broomcorn, durra, forage sorghum, grain sorghum, great millet, Kaffir-corn, milo, shallu sorghum, sweet sorghum,Milo,sorgo, gros mil, sorgho,daza, sorgo forrajero?
Article Content:
- .Basic Botanical Info:Sorghum bicolor.
- .Sorghum bicolor Basic Botanical Description.
- .Distribution and Habitat of Sorghum bicolor.
- .Sorghum bicolor PhytoChemistry and Constituents.
- .History:Grain Sorghum (Milo).
- .Uses in Common of Grain Sorghum.
- .Economics of Production and Markets.
- .Sweet sorghum in China.
- .Research Update:Sorghum bicolor.
Sorghum bicolor Basic Botanical Description.
Sorghum bicolor;Black Seeded Sorghum
Sorghum bicolor
Sorghum is a secondary noxious weed in Iowa because it can cause problems in corn and soybean fields, but it is also planted as a crop for syrup and grain. Horticultural selections have been made for color and height. Ornamental sorghum is an easily grown annual. The attractive seed heads can be used for fresh or dried arrangements. Many of the available selections are very tall and are a dramatic backdrop for other plants.
Sorghum is a coarse, erect grass. Its growth characteristics can vary quite drastically and a fully matured plant can range in height from 0.45 to over 5 m. Sorghum is often fed to lactating cows, while grazing of sorghum crops by beef cattle is done on a more limited basis. Sorghum must be supplemented with protein, calcium, and other minerals, and must be cracked, rolled, or steam flaked for best animal digestibility.
Habitat: cultivated fields - especially cereal crops
Life cycle: annual
Growth Habit: 4-8 feet tall; resembles corn, but smaller
Leaves: 1-2.5 inch wide blades with white midveins
Inflorescence: July - October. Large panicles of rounded shiny black or red seeds that shatter easily.
Stem: smooth.
Root: fibrous root system; often forms brace roots as well
Similar plants: Shattercane resembles forage sorghum and corn. It is also similar to johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense), but lacks rhizomes and has tighter panicles and wider leaf blades. Shattercane is an annual, while johnsongrass is a perennial.
This is a cane like grass, up to 6m tall with large brached clusters of grains. The individual grains are small- about 3-4 mm in diameter. They vary in colour from pale yellow through reddish brown to dark brown depending on the cultivar. Most cultivars are annuals, few are perennials. Cultivated and most weedy sorghum are non-rhizomatous, culms nodes are either glabrous or shortly tomentose. The inflorescence is contracted. The branches of the inflorescence alternate.
Sorghum bicolor includes all cultivated sorghums as well as a group of semi wild plants often regarded as weeds. Historical records and archeological data have not been able to clearly state the origin and domestication of Sorghum bicolor. Previously 571 cultivars were recognized, however these cross readily without barriers of sterility or difference in genetic balance, therefore it makes sense to group them into a single species. It is for this reason that it is not an easy task for taxonomists to work with species but it is an advantage to the plant breeder because they can manipulate the genetic make-up of this group to acquire best crops.
Wild species are characterized by distinct ring of long hairs at the nodes, they have loose inflorescence with spreading branches. The branches of the inflorescence are whorled.
The leaves look much like those of maize, they sometimes roll over. A single plant may have more than two leaves.
The flower head carries two types of flowers, one type has no stalk and has both male and female parts, and the other flower is stalked and is usually male.
Summer annual, coarse, erect with much variability in growth characteristics; culms solid or sometimes with spaces in pith, 0.6~5 m tall, depending on variety and growing conditions, 5 to over 30 mm in diameter, either dry at maturity or with sweet insipid juice; leaves broad and coarse, similar in shape to those of corn but shorter and wider; blades glabrous and waxy; sheaths encircle culm and have overlapping margins; panicle erect, sometimes recurved, usually compact in most grain sorghums and more open in forage types; seed covered by glumes that may or may not be removed by threshing; prop roots may grow from culm nodes; bud at each node from which a tiller may grow; seeds white, yellow, red, or brown; panicle with up to 6,000 spikelets. Seeds 25,000 to 61,740/kg; grass sorghum 120,000 to 159,000/kg.
Stunning, rich, shiny black seedheads top this 4'-8' tall heirloom broomcorn. Stout, easy, vertical and drought tolerant, this Sorghum bicolor has been grown as an important grain source for over 7,000 years, and is well known for the making of brooms (Directions for handcrafting brooms are readily available on the internet). With it's strong, arching, rich green corn-like foliage and 8'-12' very upright stems per plant, it creates an outstanding architectural form in the garden and is really cool looking as a background to Sunflowers. Starting out as tight arching clusters, the seed heads mature into interesting and lovely sprays that make fabulous dried arrangement material. The seeds can be popped like popcorn, the stems can be chewed, and best of all the birdies love the seeds! Rich soil for best show.
Sorghum (Sorghum vulgare or Sorghum bicolor) is a grass (Family (The grasses: chiefly herbaceous but some woody plants including cereals; bamboo; reeds; sugar cane) Poaceae), the grain of which (Foodstuff prepared from the starchy grains of cereal grasses) grain is used for (Any solid substance (as opposed to liquid) that is used as a source of nourishment) food, (Coarse food (especially for cattle and horses) composed of entire plants or the leaves and stalks of a cereal crop) fodder, and the production of (A liquor or brew containing alcohol as the active agent) alcoholic beverages. It is an important food crop in (The second largest continent; located south of Europe and bordered to the west by the South Atlantic and to the east by the Indian Ocean) Africa, (The isthmus joining North America and South America; extends from the southern border of Mexico to the northern border of Colombia) Central America, and (Click link for more info and facts about southern Asia) southern Asia, and is the fifth major (Grass whose starchy grains are used as food: wheat; rice; rye; oats; maize; buckwheat; millet) cereal crop grown in the world (470,000 km2 harvested in 1996). (A native or inhabitant of Africa) African (A person who is owned by someone) slaves introduced sorghum into the (North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776) U.S. in the early 17th century, where most of the world's sorghum is now produced.
Sorghum originated in eastern Africa and first diverged from the wild varieties in (Ethiopia is a republic in northeastern Africa on the Red Sea; formerly called Abyssinia) Ethiopia 5000 years ago. It is well adapted to growth in hot, arid or semi-arid areas. The many subspecies are divided into four groups - grain sorghums, grass sorghums (for pasture and hay), sweet sorghums (formerly called " (A republic in eastern Africa on the Atlantic; formerly a French colony; achieved independence from France in 1958) Guinea corn," used to produce sorghum syrups), and broom corn (for brooms and brushes).
In China, sorghum is the most important ingredient for the production of distilled beverages such as Maotai.
Sorghum, also known as jowar, (Sorghum vulgare or Sorghum bicolor) is a grass (family Poaceae) which is used for food, fodder, and the production of alcoholic beverages. It is drought tolerant and especially important in arid regions. It is an important food crop in Africa, Central America, and South Asia, and is the fifth major cereal crop grown in the world (470,000 km2 harvested in 1996). African slaves introduced sorghum into the U.S. in the early 17th century, where most of the world's sorghum is now produced.
Although wild varieties of Sorghum are attested as early as 8000 BP in the Nilotic regions of southern Egypt and the Sudan, the location of its true domestication within East Africa is still speculative. It is widely held that genetic separation of domesticated S. bicolor from its progenitor did not occur much before the B.C./A.D. changeover somewhere in East Africa, possibly the Ethiopian highlands, but more likely further west. The presence of true domesticated S. bicolor is claimed much earlier than this (2900-1700 B.C.) in India, Oman, and Yemen, although the identity of the remains as full domesticates is still disputed. It is well adapted to growth in hot, arid or semi-arid areas. The many subspecies are divided into four groups - grain sorghums, grass sorghums (for pasture and hay), sweet sorghums (formerly called "Guinea corn", used to produce sorghum syrups), and broom corn (for brooms and brushes).
Bhakri, a variety of unleavened bread made from sorghum, is the staple diet in many parts of India such as Maharashtra and northern Karnataka.
In China, sorghum is the most important ingredient for the production of distilled beverages such as Maotai.
Reference:
1.Sorghum bicolor logogriph,broomcorn, durra, forage sorghum, grain sorghum, great millet, Kaffir-corn, milo, shallu sorghum, sweet sorghum,Milo,sorgo, gros mil, sorgho,daza, sorgo forrajero?
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