Research Update:Periostracum Cicadae or Cicada Slough.Cicada Slough Extract.Periostracum Cicadae,Chan Yi,Chan Tui Extract.rich in chitin Chitosan,isoxanthopterin,erythropterin,protein,L-Valine,GABA,L-Tyrosine,Glutamic Acid,Adenosine triphosphatase.Printable Version.MDidea Extracts Professional.

Cicada Slough Extract.Periostracum Cicadae,Chan Yi,Chan Tui Extract.rich in chitin Chitosan,isoxanthopterin,erythropterin,protein,L-Valine,GABA,L-Tyrosine,Glutamic Acid,Adenosine triphosphatase photo picture image img

Phytochemical info of Periostracum Cicadae or Cicada Slough.

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Definition:Periostracum Cicadae or Cicada Slough are majorly composed of
Chemical information disclosed as following table:

Research Update:Periostracum Cicadae or Cicada Slough.

Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of N-acetyldopamine dimers from Periostracum Cicadae.:Bioorg Med Chem. 2006 Dec 1;14(23):7826-34. Epub 2006 Aug 17.

A known N-acetyldopamine dimer, (2R,3S)-2-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-acetylamino-7-(N-acetyl-2''-aminoethyl)-1,4-benzodioxane (1) and a new N-acetyldopamine dimer, (2R,3S)-2-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-acetylamino-7-(N-acetyl-2''-aminoethylene)-1,4-benzodioxane (2) were isolated from the methanolic extracts of Periostracum Cicadae. Compounds 1 and 2 inhibited the Cu2+ -mediated, 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) hydrochloride (AAPH)-mediated, and 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN)-1-mediated LDL oxidation in the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) assay. The antioxidant activities of 1 and 2 were tested with respect to other parameters, such as lag time of conjugated diene formation, relative electrophoretic mobility (REM), and apoB-100 fragmentation on copper-mediated LDL-oxidation. Compounds 1 and 2 also showed 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrasyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. Compound 2 was more efficient than compound 1 at inhibiting the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, nitric oxide (NO) production, and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activity as well as the expression of pro-inflammatory molecules such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells.

Studies on the anticonvulsive, sedative and hypothermic effects of Periostracum Cicadae extracts.:J Ethnopharmacol. 1991 Oct;35(1):83-90.

The anticonvulsive, sedative and hypothermic effects of water and ethanol extracts of Periostracum Cicadae (PC), the cast off skin of Cryptotympana atrata were studied. The water-extract of whole Periostracum Cicadae (PCws) had anticonvulsive, sedative and hypothermic effects in rats. Orally, it decreased carrageenin-induced hyperthermia. The hypothermic effect of PCws was potentiated by 5-hydroxytryptophan and antagonized by p-chlorophenylalanine. PCws enhanced the decrease in locomotor activity induced by alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine or 5-hydroxytryptophan and reduced the increase in locomotor activity produced by levodopa plus benserazide or p-chlorophenylalanine. From these results, it was concluded that the sedative and hypothermic effect of PCws may be due to an increase in central serotonergic activity.

Isolation and fermentation culture of fungi from Cordyceps soofifera.:Zhong Yao Cai. 2006 Feb;29(2):99-101. Chinese.Cheng DQ, Ding ZS, Lin MA, Pan PL, Chen YT.Zhejiang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310053, China.

OBJECTIVE: To study the fungi isolated from Cordyceps sobolifera and its fermentation culture. METHODS: The fungi was isolated and identified by its hypha and spores. Three liquid media were used in the culture. RESULTS: Pure culture was gained and the fungi was identified to be Paecilomyces cicadae. The fungi can grow best in liquid media: egg 110 g + silkworm powder 30 g + VB1 2 tahlets + MgSO4 x 7H2O 0.5 g + K2HPO4 1 g + H2O 1000 ml, in which every litre can produce 135 g wet hypha after cultured 4 d. CONCLUSION: Paecilomyces cicadae from Cordyceps sobolifera can be cultured in liquid media.

Involvement of Bcl-2 family, cytochrome c and caspase 3 in induction of apoptosis by beauvericin in human non-small cell lung cancer cells.:Cancer Lett. 2005 Dec 18;230(2):248-59.

Beauvericin (BEA), a cyclic hexadepsipeptide from Codyceps cicadae, possesses anti-convulsion, anti-arrhythmia, sedation, and anti-tumor activities. It has been reported that BEA induces apoptosis in several cancer cell lines. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the BEA-induced apoptotic process is not yet clearly understood. In the present study, the intracellular signaling pathways of BEA-induced apoptosis in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) A549 cells were investigated using morphological analysis and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) technique. In this study, BEA-induced apoptosis in human NSCLC A549 cells demonstrated a BEA concentration- and treatment time-dependent manner. This BEA-induced apoptosis in human NSCLC A549 cells was also accompanied by the up-regulation of Bax, Bak, and p-Bad and down-regulation of p-Bcl-2, but no effect on the levels of Bcl-X(L) or Bad proteins. Moreover, the BEA treatment resulted in a significant reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential, increase in the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c (cyt c), and activation of caspase 3. Furthermore, treatment with caspase 3 inhibitor (z-DEVD-fmk) was capable to prevent the BEA-induced caspase 3 activity and cell death. These results clearly demonstrate that the induction of apoptosis by BEA involves multiple cellular/molecular pathways and strongly suggest that pro- and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins, mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial cyt c, and caspase 3, they all participate in BEA-induced apoptotic process in human NSCLC A549 cells.

On the relationships of Paecilomyces sect. Isarioidea species.:Mycol Res. 2005 May;109(Pt 5):581-9.Luangsa-ard JJ, Hywel-Jones NL, Manoch L, Samson RA.BIOTEC, NSTDA Science Park, 113 Paholyothin Road, Khlong 1, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand

Phylogenetic relationships of Paecilomyces sect. Isarioidea species were analysed using the beta-tubulin gene and ITS rDNA. Maximum parsimony analyses showed that the section does not form a natural taxonomic group and is polyphyletic within the Hypocreales. However, a group was recognized, designated as the Isaria clade, to be monophyletic comprising of the following Paecilomyces species: P. amoeneroseus, P. cateniannulatus, P. cateniobliquus, P. cicadae, P. coleopterorus, P. farinosus, P. fumosoroseus, P. ghanensis, P. javanicus and P. tenuipes. Some of these species have teleomorphs in Cordyceps.

Studies on the anticonvulsive, sedative and hypothermic effects of Periostracum Cicadae extracts.:J Ethnopharmacol. 1991 Oct;35(1):83-90.Hsieh MT, Peng WH, Yeh FT, Tsai HY, Chang YS.Institute of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Medical College, Taichung, Taiwan.

The anticonvulsive, sedative and hypothermic effects of water and ethanol extracts of Periostracum Cicadae (PC), the cast off skin of Cryptotympana atrata were studied. The water-extract of whole Periostracum Cicadae (PCws) had anticonvulsive, sedative and hypothermic effects in rats. Orally, it decreased carrageenin-induced hyperthermia. The hypothermic effect of PCws was potentiated by 5-hydroxytryptophan and antagonized by p-chlorophenylalanine. PCws enhanced the decrease in locomotor activity induced by alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine or 5-hydroxytryptophan and reduced the increase in locomotor activity produced by levodopa plus benserazide or p-chlorophenylalanine. From these results, it was concluded that the sedative and hypothermic effect of PCws may be due to an increase in central serotonergic activity.

Activation and proliferation signals in primary human T lymphocytes inhibited by ergosterol peroxide isolated from Cordyceps cicadae.:Br J Pharmacol. 2003 Nov;140(5):895-906. Epub 2003 Sep 22.

Effects of ergosterol peroxide (C28H44O3; Cpd 6A) from Cordyceps cicadae on phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated cell proliferation were studied in primary human T cells. The results showed that Cpd 6A suppressed T-cell proliferation for about 24 h after stimulation with PHA. Cell cycle analysis indicated that Cpd 6A arrested the cell cycle progression of activated T cells from the G1 transition to the S phase. To localize the point in the cell cycle where arrest occurred, a set of key regulatory events leading to the G1/S boundary, including the expression of cyclins D2, E, A1, and B1, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), and activating protein-1 (AP-1), was examined. Cpd 6A suppressed, in activated T lymphocytes, the production and mRNA expression of cyclin E, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, and IFN-gamma in a dose-dependent manner. Expression of AP-1 proteins, consisting of c-Fos and c-Jun, in activated T lymphocytes was decreased by Cpd 6A. The kinetic study indicated that the inhibitory effects of Cpd 6A on IL-2 mRNA expressed in T cells might be related to blocking c-Fos protein synthesis. T-cell proliferation after Cpd 6A treatment was partially restored by addition of IL-2, IL-4, and IFN-gamma. These suppressant effects of Cpd 6A on T-cell proliferation, activated by PHA, appeared to be mediated, at least in part, through the inhibition of early gene transcripts, especially those of cyclin E, IFN-gamma, IL-2, and IL-4, and by arresting cell cycle progression in the cells.

Immunomodulatory functions of extracts from the Chinese medicinal fungus Cordyceps cicadae.:J Ethnopharmacol. 2002 Nov;83(1-2):79-85.

The effects of Cordyceps cicadae extracted fractions on human mononuclear cells (HMNC) proliferation were determined by tritiated thymidine uptake. The results indicated that aqueous methanol (50%) extracts of C. cicadae ascocarps portion (CC-1-2) enhanced HMNC proliferation activated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) with an EC(50) of 13.8+/-4.6 micro g/ml. By contrast, the methanol (100%) extracts of C. cicadae insect-body portion (CC-2-1) suppressed HMNC proliferation stimulated by PHA with an IC(50) of 32.5+/-5.2 micro g/ml. Cell viability test indicated that inhibitory effects of CC-2-1 on HMNC proliferation were not through direct cytotoxicity. The action mechanisms of CC-1-2 and CC-2-1 may involve the regulation of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production in HMNC. Since CC-2-1 suppressed IL-2 and IFN-gamma production in HMNC induced with PHA. The CC-1-2 enhanced IL-2 and IFN-gamma production of HMNC stimulated with PHA in a concentration dependent manner. Therefore, the results demonstrated that C. cicadae contained growth modulators for HMNC.

Polysaccharides in fungi. XXV. Biological activities of two galactomannans from the insect-body portion of Ch¨¢n hua (fungus: Cordyceps cicadae).:

Biological activities of two galactomannans (CI-P and CI-A) isolated from the insectbody portion of Ch¨¢n hua (fungus: Cordyceps cicadae) were studied. CI-P having low affinity for concanavalin A (Con A) exhibited potent carbon-clearance activity in mouse, although both polysaccharides had little antitumor activity against sarcoma 180 in mice. Furthermore, CI-P and CI-A was found to have potent hypoglycemic activity in normal mice, and CI-A having high affinity for Con A showed slightly higher activity than CI-P.

Scientific References:

1.Research Update:Periostracum Cicadae or Cicada Slough.

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Claims: Information this web site presented is meant for Nutritional Benefit and as an educational starting point only, for use in maintenance and promotion good health in cooperation with a common knowledge base reference...Furthermore,it based solely on the traditional and historic use or legend of a given herb from the garden of Adonis. Although every effort has been made to ensure its accurate, please note that some info may be outdated by more recent scientific developments......

Pharmakon Warning: The order of knowledge is not the transparent order of forms and ideas,as one might be tempted retrospectively to interpret it; it is the antidote....(Dissemination,Plato's Pharmacy,II.The Ingredients:Phantasms,Festivals,and Paints;138cf. Jacques Derrida.).

And as it happens,the technique of imitation,along with the production of the simulacrum,has always been in Plato's eyes manifestly magical,thaumaturgical:......and the same things appear bent and straight to those who view them in water and out,or concave and convex,owing to similar errors of vision about colors, and there is obviously every confusion of this sort in our souls.And so scene painting (skiagraphia) in its exploitation of this weakness of four nature falls nothing short of witchcraft (thaumatopoia), and so do jugglery and many other such contrivances.(Republic X,602c-d;cf.also 607c).