Cyperus scariosus or Cyperus rotundus,an old famous Sedge from ancient Egypt and China.
Article Content:
- .Basic Botanical Info of Cyperus scariosus.
- .Botanical Description:Cyperus Origin Identification.
- .Cyperus Root Phytochemicals and Constituents:.
- .What is Sedge Paper:from an legacy.
- .Pharmacology Administration Guide:Cyperus Root Documented Properties Actions.
- .Pharmacology Administration Guide:Identified Pharmacological Property and Effect of Cyperus Root.
- .Pharmacology Administration Guide:Pharmacological Effect of Prepared Cyperus Root.
- .Pharmacology Administration Guide:Cyperus and Its Applications.
- .Pharmacology Administration Guide:Cyperus Root Dosage and Administration Guide.
- .Pharmacology Administration Guide:Cyperus Root Toxicity Study.
- .Cyperus Traditional Applications:Literature Origins.
- .Cyperus Traditional Applications:Traditional Cyperus Applications.
- .Cyperus Traditional Applications:Use In Formulas.
- .Cyperus Traditional Applications:Cyperus in Ayurvedic Medicine.
- .Research update:Cyperus scariosus and Cyperus rotundus.
Cyperus Root Phytochemicals and Constituents:.
Phytochemicals:
Cyperus, like other plants, has numerous chemical constituents, many of which may show pharmacological activity, but the main active components appear to be the sesquiterpenes. These are aromatic, spicy tasting molecules. Among the main sesquiterpenes identified in cyperus rhizomes thus far are:
1,8-cineole, 4alpha,5alpha-oxidoeudesm-11-en-3-alpha-ol, Alkaloids, Alpha-cyperone, Alpha-rotunol, Beta-cyperone, Beta-pinene, Beta-rotunol, Beta-selinene, Calcium, Camphene, Copaene, Cyperene, Cyperenone, Cyperol, Cyperolone Cyperotundone D-copadiene, D-epoxyguaiene, D-fructose, D-glucose, Eo, Flavonoids, Gamma-cymene, Isocyperol, Isokobusone, Kobusone, Limonene, Linoleic-acid, Linolenic-acid, Magnesium, Manganese, Mustakone, Myristic-acid, Oleanolic-acid, Oleanolic-acid-3-o-neohesperidoside, Oleic-acid, P-cymol, Patchoulenone, Pectin, Polyphenols, Rotundene, Rotundenol, Rotundone, Selinatriene, Sitosterol, Stearic-acid, Sugeonol, Sugetriol,alfa-cyperone, Beta-selinene, cyperene, cyperotundone, patchoulenone, sugeonol, kobusone, and isokobusone.
Cyperus also contains other terpenes, such as the commonly occurring plant component pinene (a monoterpene), and several derivatives of the sesquiterpenes, such as cyperol, isocyperol, and cyperone.
Other Phytochemicals:
isocyperone;cyperenone; camphene; Beta-pinene; 1,8-cineole; limonene; P-cymene; cyperene; selinatriene; Beta-selinene; Beta-cyperone; patchoulenone; alfa-rotunol; Beta-rotunol; cyperol; isocyperol; copadiene; epoxyguaine; cyperolone; rotundone; kobsone; isokobusone; 4alfa-5alfa-oxidoeudesm-11-en-3Beta-ol; alfa-copaene; Beta-elemene; caryophyllene; alfa-humulene; Gama-cadinene; calamene; cyperotundone; patchoulenylacetate; segeonol; sugeonol acetate; rhamnetin-3-O-rhamnosyl-(1-4)-rhamnopyran-oside; Glucose(8.3~9.1%),Fructose(1.0%~1.7%);starch (40%~41.1%); protein (4.9%); Mg,1285.7ug;
These active constituents are found in the volatile oil of cyperus rhizomes, which makes up only about 0.5-1% of the dried rhizome; prolonged cooking of the herb will cause loss of some portion of these constituents. Their main pharmacological actions may be antispasmodic and analgesic effects.
Composition of Cyperus essential oil:
The essential oil from Cyperus rotundus L. is extracted by supersonic with mixed solvent. The chemical components were identified and their relative contents were measured by GC/MS. The main components are alpha-copaene (1.97%), cyperene (15.73%), alpha-hisaholene (2. 14%), alpha-gurjunene (1. 29%), 2-methoxy-8-methyl-1, 4-naphthalenedione (4.01%), beta-selinene (17.99%), oxo-alpha-ylangene (3.00%); 4,4alpha,5,6,7,8,-hexahydro-4alpha, 5-dimethyl-3-(1-methyl ethylidene)-2 (3H)-naphthalenone(8.11%), alpha-cyperone(26.15 %), longipinocarvone (1.11%), etc. These high content compounds are the characteristic components of Cyperus rotundus L. , which we recommend as the index of identification and quality estimation of the medicine.Reference:Analysis of Essential Oils from Cyperus rotundus L. by GC/MSLIN Xiao-shan, WU Hui-qin , HUANG Fang, HUANG Xiao-lan(China National Analysis Center, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chemical Emergency Test, Guangzhou 510070, China)
Alpha-cyperone:Pharmacology
Molecular Formula:C15H22O,contains about 0.230% in the root. CAS RN:473-08-5
Show inhibition on cAMP-PDE activity: IC50 or 50% percent inhibition ratio is about 13 umol/L.Reference:U.Sankawa,et al.Chem Pharm Bull,1983,(31);3391.
Antagonist effects of Arachidonic Acid: Alpha-cyperone release antigonist effects for arachidonic acid.Reference:Wang Huikang.Foreign Medicine.TCM,1986,(4):7.
Inhibition on platelet aggregation: Alpha-cyperone act as an platelet aggregation inhibitor,and very strong,100% inhibition effects got at concentration 10-5mol/L.Reference:Wang Huikang.Foreign Medicine.TCM,1986,(4):7.
Reference:
1.Cyperus scariosus or Cyperus rotundus,an old famous Sedge from ancient Egypt and China.
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