Cyperus scariosus or Cyperus rotundus,an old famous Sedge from ancient Egypt and China.

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Pharmacology Administration Guide:Identified Pharmacological Property and Effect of Cyperus Root.

Cyperus scariosus Extract INCI Name Cyperus Rotundus Extract CAS 85085-54-7 EINECS ELINCS No 285-381-3 Cyperus root extract Cyperus scariosus ethanol extract Cyperus scariosus aqueous-methanolic extract photo picture image 1.Effects on central nervous system:

 1.1.The threshold dose of pentobarbital satisfied synergies Guo-Qing Liu, and other reports, mice were given intraperitoneal injection of different doses of Cyperus rotundus volatile oil at 0.03,0.06 and 0.10 ml / kg (LD50 got at 10%,20%, and 33%accordingly), after 30 minutes administration, the groups of mice under the threshold intraperitoneal injection of pentobarbital satisfied dose 20 mg / kg, reflex sleep indicators disappear,to observed sleep rats number of every groups. The results showed that different doses of Cyperus rotundus volatile oil brings obvious pentobarbital sodium hypnotic synergies effect in mice (P less than 0.01).

 1.2.Normal rabbits anesthetic effects: Rabbits were arrangely slow intravenous injection of different doses of Cyperus rotundus volatile oil at 0.050 mg / kg,0.075 mg / kg and 0.100 mg / kg accordingly, the average anesthesia time confirnmed as 9.0,15.0,28.5 minutes accordingly. After administration,the animals' righting reflex quickly disappeared,in the 0.050 mg / kg dose group, rabbits shows slow pain reaction and slow corneal reflex, listening reactions exist; remaining two dose group rabbit's corneal reflex reaction and pain reaction completely disappeared, listen reaction exist still. Rabbits in each group shows limbs ankylosis after administration, and this dissapear about three minutes later.

 1.3.Synergy scopolamine anesthetic effects:set righting reflex dissapearing as anesthesia indicators, to observe the average anesthesia time of groups' rabbits. The first group rabbit administrated intravenous injection of Cyperus rotundus volatile oil at dose 0.075 ml / kg,righting reflex disappeared. The second group rabbit administrated intraventricular injection of scopolamine. The third group rabbit administrated intravenous injection of Cyperus rotundus volatile oil at dose 0.035 ml / kg (righting reflex dose not disappear), followed by intraventricular injection of Scopolamine at dose 2 mg / kg, showed that 0.035 ml / kg dose has not anesthetic effects, and could extend scopolamine anesthetic time, but does not affect the depth of anesthesia.

 1.4.Impact of pentylenetetrazol convulsion: mouse peritoneal injection of Cyperus rotundus volatile oil at dose 0.1 ml / kg (LD50 confirmed at ratio 1 /3),30 minutes after administration,administrated ih PTZ-85 mg / kg, observe mice clonic convulsion times. The results showed that the Cyperus volatile oil has no protection on PTZ-induced seizures in mice. SinghN and others also reported Cyperus rotundus alcohol extract has no protection on mice PTZ and electric shock.

 1.5.Antipyretic and analgesic effects: Dengsuzhen and others reports, administrated mice subcutaneously 20% Cyperus rotundus alcohol extract, can significantly increase the pain threshold in mice. Guo-Qing Liu and others applied hot plate method to determine mice pain threshold,by intraperitoneal injection to mice of Cyperus rotundus volatile oil at dose 0.1 ml / kg, salt intraperitoneal injection of another component 10 mg / kg as the control and compare group,determination of the pain threshold of rats after 15, 30 and 60 and 90 minutes of administration respectively. The results showed that Cyperus rotundus volatile oil has no significant analgesic effect. Gupta MB reports, Cyperus rotundus alcohol extract contains Triterpenoid compounds (IV IB) administrated at dose 5mg/kg shares nearly same analgesic effect compare to dosage of 30 mg / kg aspirin considerable. Cyperus rotundus alcohol extract release antipyretic effect on rat fever which caused by injection of yeast, the titer is about six times of sodium salicylate, its antipyretic components is triterpenoid compounds.

 1.6.Cooling effect: rats intraperitoneal injection Cyperus rotundus volatile oil 0.1 ml / kg,set intraperitoneal injection of chlorpromazine 5 mg / kg as for positive control, rectal temperature were measured before and after the administration. The results showed that,after given Cyperus rotundus volatile oil 30 minutes the normal body temperature of rats significantly decreased (P less than 0.05),stronger than chlorpromazine role in cooling, but not as lasting as chlorpromazine, and then the body temperature of rats gradually returned to normal.
 Cyperus scariosus Extract INCI Name Cyperus Rotundus Extract CAS 85085-54-7 EINECS ELINCS No 285-381-3 Cyperus root extract Cyperus scariosus ethanol extract Cyperus scariosus aqueous-methanolic extract photo picture image

 2.Effects on cardiovascular system:

 The role of : the Soviet scholars Akperbekova. BA, and other reports that administrated Rana with the subcutaneous injection Cyperus rotundus water extracts or hydro-alcoholic extract, the frog heart will stop in systolic period of cardiac cycle. The lower concentration shows cardia effects and heart rate slow down effects on isolated frog hearts, as well as incumbent frog hearts, cats heart and rabbit heart. Cyperus rotundus total alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids and phenols aqueous solution also slowed heart rate slow down effect and cardiac role, and significantly reduce blood pressure. Guo-Qing Liu studied Cyperus rotundus essential oil on blood pressure in cats. Use chlorine aldose 80 mg / kg for anesthesia,to record the cat carotid artery blood pressure.Anesthesia Cat intravenous injection of Cyperus rotundus volatile oil at dose 0.1 ml / kg, after 15 seconds, the cat blood pressure started to decline, and 150 seconds later blood pressure lowering 10.7-13.3 kPa than normal , five minutes later blood pressure began to rise, eight minutes later restorate to normal blood pressure levels. They believe that short-term blood pressure dropped related with its local effects. Singh N and others applied Cyperus rotundus ethanol extract to anesthesia dogs at 20 mg / kg by intravenous injection, blood pressure dropped slowly, continuing half to 1 hour. Ethanol extracts of cyperus root does not affect role of acetylcholine and epinephrine on blood pressure, but can be part of the role of histamine blocker.

 3.Estrogen-like effects:Mechanisms for treatment of Irregular Menstruation

 Indira M, and other reports, results showed that in ovariectomized rats experiment, Cyperus rotundus volatile oil shows mild estrogen-like activity. Volatile oil 0.2 ml subcutaneous injection 2 times between 6 hours,vaginal epithelial completely horny 48 hours later;in Experiment at dose 0.3 ml administration for three times,large number of white blood cells appear in the horny skins. White blood cells(WBC) may be the emergence due to the stimulus of volatile oil. In the seperated components of the Volatile oil,Cyperene I strongest role, but not as strong as volatile oil itself. Vaginal delivery,Cyperus volatile oil,Cyperene I and Cyperone can make epithelial horny, but cyperol and Cyperene II has no role of the same. Systemic administration of the active ingredients not more than doubled of effective local administration. Thus believe that these elements may belong to estrogen original (ProesTCMLIBagen) category,and activity increased in the body after conversion. This role of Cyperus rotundus this role is one of the main basis for treatment of Irregular Menstruation.
 Cyperus scariosus Extract INCI Name Cyperus Rotundus Extract CAS 85085-54-7 EINECS ELINCS No 285-381-3 Cyperus root extract Cyperus scariosus ethanol extract Cyperus scariosus aqueous-methanolic extract photo picture image

 4.Effects on the uterus:

 Zhang Fachu and others reports, 5% Cyperus rotundus flow extract showseffects on vitro uterus of guinea pigs, rabbits, cats and dogs and other animals, whether pregnant or not pregnant,inhibited and brings weakened contraction,muscle tension reduction,and the nature of its role quite similar as chinese angelica root, but weaker.

 5.Anti-inflammatory effect:

 Singh N reports, Cyperus rotundus alcohol extract intraperitoneal injection at dose 100 mg / kg, carrageenan and formaldehyde-induced rat hind paw edema significantly inhibited. This role stronger than 5-10 mg / kg of hydride. Gupta MB studies prove their anti-inflammatory effects come from triterpenoid compounds.And triterpenoid IV-B releases 8 times stronger as hydride for anti-inflammatory effect on carrageenan induced rat hind paw edema,and the safety scope three times accordingly. The formaldehyde induced mice hind paw edema also inhibited. Gavage ratio of Intraperitoneal injection and oral dose effectiveness is about 1:3, that may be only partially absorbed within the digestive tract.

 6.Intestine effect:

 Guo-Qing Liu other reports that in vitro intestinal rabbits by conventional preparation, with Hutchison profile drum monitor Cyperus rotundus volatile oil on isolated intestinal effects. The results showed that when Cyperus rotundus volatile oil concentration of 5u g / ml inhibited intestinal contraction, when the concentration increased to 20 u g / ml, significantly inhibited,to reduce the rate of intestinal contraction, tension decreased. Singh also reported Cyperus rotundus alcohol extract at dosage of 20 ug / ml concentration have direct inhibitory effect on isolated rabbit ileum smooth muscle.

 7.Antibacterial effects:

 In vitro experiments, Cyperus rotundus on volatile oil inhibit Staphylococcus aureus,yet to other bacteria invalid. Cyperene I and Cyperene II shows stronger inhibitory effect than volatile oil, and effective inhibition on Sh.sonnei. Hydrogenation does not affect its antibacterial effect. Cyperone is completely invalid. Cyperus rotundus extract shows inhibitive effects on certain fungi.

 8.Other effects:

 Cyperus rotundus alcohol extract releases protective role on guinea pigs bronchial spasm induced by histamine spray.Prostaglandin biosynthesis Inhibitive material contains in Cyperus rotundus is alpha-Cyperone.

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citations1.Cyperus scariosus or Cyperus rotundus,an old famous Sedge from ancient Egypt and China.

last edit date:30th,June.2009.