Analysis of Herbs or Other Natural Products,
Extracts and Supplement Products |
Herb or
Natural Product |
Test Compound(s) |
Method |
| Aloe |
barbaloin |
spectrophotometric |
| |
isobarbaloin and barbaloin |
HPLC |
| Apple(Appol) |
phloridzin,polyphenols,quercetin |
HPLC |
| Artichoke |
caffeoylquinic acid as cynarin |
spectrophotometric |
| Ashwagandha |
withanolides |
gravimetric |
| total alkaloids |
gravimetric |
|
withaferin A and withanolide D |
HPLC |
| Astragalus |
astragalosides I, II and IV |
HPLC |
| Bacopa |
bacosides |
HPLC |
| Banaba |
corosolic acid |
HPLC |
| Bayberry |
dihydroxymyricetin |
HPLC |
| Bean |
total sterols |
GC |
| Bee Propolis |
pinocembrin |
HPLC |
| Bilberry |
anthocyanosides |
spectrophotometric or |
| HPLC |
| free anthocyanosides |
HPLC |
| Black Cohosh |
ferulic and isoferulic acids |
HPLC |
| total triterpene glycosides as 27-deoxyactein |
HPLC |
| Black Currant |
polyphenols |
HPLC |
| Bluberry Leaf(Vaccinium spp.) |
chlorogenic acid |
HPLC |
| Boswellia serrata |
boswellic acids |
titrimetric or HPLC |
| Butcher's Broom(Ruscus Aculeatus) |
saponins as ruscogenin |
spectrophotometric |
| Cascara Sagrada |
cascarosides |
spectrophotometric |
| total hydroxyanthracenes |
spectrophotometric |
| Cat's Claw |
oxindole alkaloids |
HPLC |
| Catuaba (Trichilia catigua) |
phenolics |
HPLC |
| Cayenne |
capsaicin |
HPLC |
| total capsaicinoids |
HPLC |
| total capsaicinoids and nonivamide |
HPLC |
| Chamomile (Chamomilla recutita) |
apigenins |
HPLC |
| bisabolols |
GC |
| Chaste Tree (Agnus castus) |
aucubin;total agnusides |
HPLC |
| Chlorella spp. |
pheophorbide |
spectrophotometric |
| Cinnamon bark (Cassia Twig) |
methoxychalcone polymer (MHCP) |
HPLC |
| Citrus species |
Citrus Bioflavonoids |
HPLC |
| Citrus aurantium |
synephrine |
HPLC |
| total amines |
HPLC |
| Clove Oil |
eugenol |
GC |
| Cola spp. or |
caffeine or theobromine |
HPLC |
| Cocoa spp. |
caffeine and theobromine |
HPLC |
| Coleus forskohlii |
forskolin |
HPLC |
| Cordyceps |
mannitol |
HPLC |
| Cranberry |
organic acids (quinic, malic, citric and shikimic acids) |
HPLC |
| anthocyanosides |
HPLC |
| Dandelion Herb(Taraxacum officinalis) |
total flavonoids as vitexin |
HPLC |
| Devil's Claw |
harpagoside |
HPLC |
| total glucoiridoids |
spectrophotometric |
| Dong Quai |
ligustilide and ferulic acid |
HPLC |
| ligustilide |
HPLC |
| ferulic acid |
HPLC |
| Echinacea |
E. angustifolia - echinacoside and chlorogenic acid |
HPLC |
E. purpurea - cichoric acid, chlorogenic acid,
caffeic acid and 2-0-caffeoyltartaric acid |
HPLC |
| total phenolics |
spectrophotometric |
| alkyl isobutylamides |
HPLC |
| Elderberry |
anthocyanins |
spectrophotometric |
| anthocyanosides |
spectrophotometric or |
| HPLC |
| rutin |
HPLC |
| Elder Flower |
total flavonoids (calculated as isoquercitroside) |
spectrophotometric |
| Ephedra spp. |
ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, norephedrine, |
HPLC |
| methyl ephedrine and methyl pseudoephedrine |
| ephedrine |
HPLC |
| Eleutherococcus senticosus |
0.8%(E + B); 0.5%(E) eleutheroside |
HPLC |
| Epimedium |
icariin |
HPLC |
| Evening Primrose, |
gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), linoleic acid (LA) |
GC |
| Black Currant or |
and other fatty acids |
| Borage Oils |
| Fenugreek |
steroidal saponins |
gravimetric |
| Feverfew |
parthenolide |
HPLC |
| Fish Oil |
EPA and DHA (ethyl esters or free fatty acids) |
GC |
| total omega 3's |
GC |
| Flax Oil |
linoleic acid (LA), alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) |
GC |
| and oleic acid |
| Garcinia cambogia |
hydroxycitric acid |
HPLC |
| Garlic |
adenosine |
HPLC |
| allicin |
HPLC |
| allicin, methyl allyl and propenyl allyl thiosulfinates |
HPLC |
| alliin |
HPLC |
| S-allyl gamma-glutamylcysteine, S-trans-1-propenyl gamma-glutamylcysteine and S-methyl gamma-glutamylcysteine (GGCs) |
HPLC |
| S-allylcysteine (SAC) |
HPLC |
| GGC's and SAC |
HPLC |
| (E,Z)-ajoene and vinyl dithiins |
HPLC |
diallyl disulfide, diallyl trisulfide and
methyl allyl trisulfide |
HPLC |
| (E,Z)-ajoene, vinyl dithiins, diallyl disulfide, diallyl trisulfide and methyl allyl trisulfide |
HPLC |
| Ginger |
gingerols, shogaols and total pungent compounds |
HPLC |
| gingerols |
HPLC |
| Ginkgo |
total flavone glycosides |
HPLC |
| total terpene lactones (bilobalide and ginkgolides A, B, C and J) |
HPLC or GC |
| total flavone glycosides and terpene lactones |
HPLC and GC |
| ginkgolic (anacardic) acid |
HPLC |
| amentoflavone |
HPLC |
| Top |
| Ginseng, American |
total ginsenosides including 7 individual |
HPLC |
| ginsenosides and Rg1/Rb1 ratio |
| Ginseng, Korean |
total ginsenosides including 7 individual |
HPLC |
| ginsenosides and Rg1/Rb1 ratio |
| Ginseng, Siberian |
eleutherosides B and E |
HPLC |
| Golden Seal |
hydrastine and berberine |
HPLC |
| Goldthread |
berberine and palmitine |
HPLC |
| Gotu Kola |
triterpenes (asiaticoside, asiatic acid and |
HPLC |
| madecassic acid) |
| Grape |
resveratrol |
HPLC |
| Grape Seed or Skin |
percent proanthocyanidins |
spectrophotometric |
| polyphenols |
UV-VIS |
| PVU's |
spectrophotometric |
| gallic acid, catechin, and epicatechin |
HPLC |
| gel permeation chromatography (GPC) |
GPC |
| sodium chloride insolubles |
gravimetric |
| Green Tea |
epicatechin, epigallocatechin, |
HPLC |
| epicatechingallate and epigallocatechingallate |
| epicatechin, epigallocatechin, epicatechingallate, |
HPLC |
| epigallocatechingallate, catechin and |
| gallocatechingallate |
| epigallocatechingallate |
HPLC |
| theanine |
HPLC |
| total polyphenolics (GAE equivalents) |
spectrophotometric |
| Griffonia simplicifolia |
5-HTP |
HPLC |
| Guarana |
caffeine or theobromine |
HPLC |
| caffeine and theobromine |
HPLC |
| Guggulipids |
guggulsterones |
HPLC |
| Gymnema sylvestre |
gymnemic acids |
gravimetric |
| Hawthorn |
vitexin-2-0-rhamnoside |
spectrophotometric |
| hyperoside |
HPLC |
| total flavonoids calculated as hyperoside |
spectrophotometric |
| Hops |
total flavonoids calculated as rutoside |
spectrophotometric |
| Horse Chestnut |
total saponins calculated as aescin |
spectrophotometric |
| Horse Radish |
sinigrin |
HPLC |
| Huperzia serrata |
huperzine A |
HPLC |
| Juniper Berry |
essential oil for identification |
TLC |
| Kava |
kawain, dihydrokawain, methysticin, |
HPLC |
| dihydromethysticin, yangonin and |
| demethoxyyangonin |
| Kola spp. |
caffeine or theobromine |
HPLC |
| caffeine and theobromine |
HPLC |
| Kudzu |
puerarin and other isoflavones |
HPLC |
| Lavender Oil |
linalool, linalyl acetate and other constituents |
GC |
| Lemon |
total bioflavonoids (calculated as hesperidin) |
spectrophotometric or |
| HPLC |
| Licorice |
glycyrrhizin or ß-glycyrrhetinic acid |
HPLC |
| Maca |
macaenes and macamides |
HPLC |
| Magnolia |
honokiol and magnolol |
HPLC |
| Marigold |
xanthophylls |
spectrophotometric |
| Milk Thistle |
silymarin |
spectrophotometric or |
| HPLC |
| Momordica |
bitter principles |
gravimetric |
| Mucuna pruriens |
L-dopa |
HPLC |
| Nettle |
caffeoylmalic acid and chlorogenic acid
(calculated as chlorogenic acid) |
HPLC |
| beta-sitosterol |
GC |
| Olive Leaf |
oleuropein |
HPLC |
| Onion |
quercetin |
HPLC |
| Oregano Oil |
thymol, carvacrol and para-cymeme |
HPLC |
| Paprika |
capsanthin |
HPLC |
| Passion Flower |
flavonoids calculated as isovitexin |
spectrophotometric or |
| HPLC |
| Pepper, Black |
piperine |
HPLC |
| Peppermint |
rosmarinic acid |
HPLC |
| Picrorhiza kurroa |
kutkoside and picrosides I and II |
HPLC |
| Pine Bark |
percent proanthocyanidins, total polyphenolics |
spectrophotometric |
| or PVUs |
| Polygonum Caspidatum |
resveratrol |
HPLC |
| Polygonum vulgare |
20-hydroxyecdysone |
HPLC |
| Pomegranate |
ellagic acid |
HPLC |
| Poplar |
salicin |
HPLC |
| Pumpkin Seed Oil |
total fatty acids |
GC |
| Pygeum |
beta-sitosterol |
GC |
| total sterols |
GC |
| total fatty acids |
GC |
| free fatty acids |
GC |
| free and total fatty acids |
GC |
| Red Clover |
isoflavones (daidzein, genistein, formononetin |
HPLC |
| and biochanin A) |
| total isoflavones including glycoside forms |
HPLC |
| calculated as biochanin A |
| Red Yeast |
citrinin |
HPLC |
| Rhodiola Rosea |
cinnamyl alcohol |
HPLC |
| salidroside |
HPLC |
| total rosavins (rosavin, rosarin and rosin) |
HPLC |
| tyrosol |
HPLC |
| Rosemary |
rosmarinic acid
carnosol and carnosic acid |
HPLC
HPLC |
| Rosemary Oil |
1,8-cineole, camphor, safrole, borneol, |
GC |
| bornyl acetate and other constituents |
| Royal Jelly |
10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid |
GC |
| Saw Palmetto |
free fatty acids |
GC |
| total fatty acids |
GC |
| total fatty alcohols |
GC |
| free and total fatty acids |
GC |
| sterols |
GC |
| Schizandra |
schizandrin, schizandrin A and B, gomisin A and C |
HPLC |
| Senna |
sennosides A and B or total sennosides |
HPLC |
| Soy |
isoflavones (genistein, genistin, daidzein, daidzin, |
HPLC |
| glycitein, glycitin and malonyl and acetyl forms) |
| Spirulina |
phycocyanin |
spectrophotometric |
| St. Johns Wort |
hypericins (hypericin plus other hypericin-like |
spectrophotometric |
| napthodianthrones) |
| hypericin and pseudohypericin |
HPLC |
| hyperforin |
HPLC |
| amentoflavone |
HPLC |
| Stevia |
stevioside |
HPLC |
| Suma |
20-hydroxycedysone |
HPLC |
| Tea Tree Oil |
terpinen-4-ol, 1,8-cineole and other constituents |
GC |
| Tribulus terrestris |
total saponins |
gravimetric |
| total furostanols |
spectrophotometric |
| Turmeric |
curcuminoids |
spectrophotometric |
| curcumin, demethoxycurcumin and |
HPLC |
| bisdemethoxycurcumin |
| Uva Ursi |
arbutin or aucubin |
HPLC |
| arbutin and aucubin |
HPLC |
| Valerian |
valerenic acids |
HPLC |
| Vitex agnus-castus |
agnuside or aucubin or casticin |
HPLC |
| agnuside and aucubin |
HPLC |
| Willow |
salicin |
HPLC |
| Yam, Wild |
diosgenin |
HPLC |
| Yerba Mate |
caffeine |
HPLC |
| Yohimbe |
yohimbine |
HPLC |
Ziziphus
(Date seed) |
jujuboside A |
HPLC |
| Top |