Glossary Phytochemicals I!

Online Glossary edited with meticulous attitude and published as convenience for site content reference,including glossaries of related different topics,Glossary Phytochemicals are dedicated to Phytochemicals and phyto derived chemical components.Phytochemicals have been used as drugs for millennia. Hippocrates may have prescribed willow tree leaves to abate fever. Salicin, having anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving properties, was originally extracted from the white willow tree and later synthetically produced become the staple over-the-counter drug called Aspirin!

Glossary Phytochemicals Icon01
Phytochemicals are chemical compounds such as beta-carotene that occur naturally in plants. The term is generally used to refer to those chemicals that may affect health, but are not yet established as essential nutrients.While there is abundant scientific and government support for recommending diets rich in fruits and vegetables, there is only limited evidence that health benefits are due to specific phytochemicals.

Glossary Phytochemicals Icon02
There is evidence from laboratory studies that phytochemicals in fruits and vegetables may reduce the risk of cancer, possibly due to dietary fibers, polyphenol antioxidants and anti-inflammatory effects. Specific phytochemicals, such as fermentable dietary fibers, are allowed limited health claims by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

Ikarisoside A:[55395-07-8]:Synonyms:Ikarisoside A
CAS Type 1 Name :8-((2E)-3-Methylbut-2-enyl)-3-((2S,6S,3R,4R,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methylperhydropyran-2-yloxy)-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one
Formula: C₂₆ H₂₈ O₁₀. CAS RN:55395-07-8 MW:500.5 IkarisosideA
Ikarisoside B:[113558-10-4]:Synonyms:Ikarisoside B
CAS Type 1 Name :3-[(3R,4R,5R,6S)-4,5-Dihydroxy-6-methyl-3-((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yloxy)-tetrahydro-pyran-2-yloxy]-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-8-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-1-benzopyran-4-one
Formula: C₃₂ H₃₈ O₁₅. CAS RN:113558-10-4 MW:662.64
IkarisosideB
Ikarisoside C:[113558-11-5]:Synonyms:Ikarisoside C
CAS Type 1 Name :7-[(3S,1R,2R,4R,5R)-2,3,4-Trihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexyloxy]-3-{3-[(4S,5S,3R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)perhydropyran-2-yloxy](2S,6S,3R,4R,5R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-methylperhydropyran-2-yloxy}-8-((2Z)-3-methylbut-2-enyl)-5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one
Formula: C₃₉ H₅₀ O₁₉. CAS RN:113558-11-5 MW:822.81
IkarisosideC
Ikarisoside E:[113558-13-7]:Synonyms:Ikarisoside E
CAS Type 1 Name :4H,8H-Benzo[1,2-b:3,4-b']dipyran-4-one, 3-[(6-deoxy-.alpha.-L-mannopyranosyl)oxy]-5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-8,8-dimethyl-
Formula: C₂₆ H₂₆ O₁₀. CAS RN:113558-13-7 MW:498.48
IkarisosideE
icariin [489-32-7]:Synonyms:Icariine;  -((6-Deoxymannopyranosyl)oxy)-7-(glucopyranosyloxy)-5-hydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-8-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one
Formula: C₃₃ H₄₀ O₁₅.  Molecular Weight: 674.69   CAS RN:489-32-7
Chemical Name:3-((6-deoxymannopyranosyl)oxy)-7-(glucopyranosyloxy)-5-hydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-8-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one
CAS Type 1 Name:4H-1-Benzopyran-4-one, 3-((6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)oxy)-7-(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-5-hydroxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-8-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-
Icariin Icariin
icosane [112-95-8]:Synonyms:didecyl; icosane;
Formula: C₂₀ H₄₂.  Molecular Weight:282.5518   CAS RN:112-95-8   ACX Number:X1010252-8.  Melting Point:36.7.  Boiling Point:342.7.  Density0.789   Vapor Density7.8   Refractive Index:1.4425   Water Solubility:<0.1 g/100 mL at 25 C icosane
idioblast:literally, a unique cell, a clearly distinct, specialised and/or differentiated cell, e.g. sclereidal idioblast, myrosinase idioblast, can often be omitted or simply replaced by "cell".
imbricate:in general, of organs overlapping in such a way that part is covered, part exposed, of aestivation, the parts having the edges overlapping in the bud such that at least some parts have one edge oustide, the other inside, see cochleate, contorted, contortiplicate, crumpled, decussate, quincuncial, cf. open, valvate.
imparipinnate:= odd pinnate.

Imperatorin[482-44-0]:Synonyms:8-Isopentenyloxypsoralen; 9-(3-Methylbut-2-enyloxy)-7H-furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one; 9-(3-Methylbut-2-enyloxy)furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one; Ammidin; Imperatorin; Marmelosin; Pentosalen;
Formula: C₁₆ H₁₄ O₄.  Molecular Weight:270.2842   CAS RN:482-44-0   ACX Number:X1065986-4.
imperfect:of flowers, lacking either functional carpels or stamens and thus either either staminate or carpellate, cf. perfect, see carpellate, neuter, staminate.
incised:cut deeply, sharply and often irregularly (an intermediate condition between toothed and lobed).
included:enclosed, not protruding; of stamens, etc., in a corolla tube, cf. exserted.
included phloem:in secondary vascular tissue, phloem islands surrounded by xylem, cf. internal phloem, successive cambia, cf. also amphicribral, amphivasal, bicollateral, collateral.
incompletely tenuinucellate:an ovule in which one or more layers of cells (not epidermally derived) separate the megasporocyte(s)/embryo sac from the epidermis, but only laterally so (see Endress 2003c), cf. crassinucellate, nucellar cap, nucellar pad, raphe, weakly crassinucellate (different degrees of development of the nucellus or the epidermis covering it).
incrassate:= thickened.
incumbent:of the orientation of an embryo, with the cotyledons lying face to face and folded sideways so that the radicle lies against the face of one of the cotyledons, cf. accumbent, conduplicate, diplecolobous.
incurved:bent or curved inwards, upwards, or adaxially, cf. recurved.
indefinite:variable in number, numerous, = many; of stamens, more than twice as many as the petals or sepals; of ovules, more than fifteen or so, cf. definite.
indehiscent:not opening at maturity, cf. dehiscent.
indeterminate:of growth, a general term used when the apical meristem produces an unrestricted number of lateral organs, in particular, when the axis is not terminated by a flower (see loosely racemose) or by the abortion of the apex, cf. determinate.
Indole-3-carbinol:Cruciferous vegetables differ from other classes of vegetables in that they are rich sources of sulfur-containing compounds known as glucosinolates (see Cruciferous Vegetables). Because epidemiological studies provide some evidence that diets rich in cruciferous vegetables are associated with lower risk of several types of cancer, scientists are interested in the potential cancer-preventive activities of compounds derived from glucosinolates. Among these compounds is indole-3-carbinol (I3C), a compound derived from the enzymatic hydrolysis (breakdown) of an indole glucosinolate, commonly known as glucobrassicin.

indole alkaloids:alkaloids that contain an indole ring, derived from phenylalanine or tryptophane.
Vincamine, C21 H26 N2 O3.

Yohimbine, C21 H26 N2 O3.

indumentum:the overall appearance of the epidermal appendages, e.g. hairs and/or scales, collectively, see arbuscular, hirsute, hispid, lepidote, puberulous, pubescent, sericeous, stellate, strigose, tomentose,villous (types), see also glabrate, glabrescent (both referring to persistence) and glabrous.
induplicate:of aestivation, valvate, the edges of a sepal or petal are not overlapping, but they are incurved when they meet an adjacent member, cf. crumpled, decussate, open, reduplicate.
indurated:= hardened and rather inflexible.
indusium:a flap of tissue covering the sorus in some ferns; a concave pollen-cup surrounding the stigma in Goodeniaceae.
inferior:of an ovary, borne at least partly below the level of attachment of the other floral parts, cf. superior, cf. also epigynous, hypogynous, perigynous.
inflexed:bent sharply upwards, forwards or adaxially, cf. deflexed.
inflorescence:that part of the stem above the uppermost node with foliage leaves that bears flowers, also, the groupings or arrangements in which these flowers are borne, cf. infructescence, see inflorescence axis, peduncle (parts), also cymose, racemose, also determinate, indeterminate, also monotelic, polytelic, also anauxotelic, auxotelic, also synflorescence, also axillary, cauliflorous, ramiflorous, supra-axillary, terminal (general position).
inflorescence axis:the main axis of an inflorescence bearing inflorescence branches and/or flowers, cf. peduncle.
inflorescence bract:an often more or less reduced leaf subtending a branch of the inflorescence or borne on the inflorescence axis below any branches or flowers, cf. bract, bracteole.
infraspecific:of lower taxonomic rank than species.
infratectum:of a pollen grain, that part of the ectexine between the foot layer and tectum, cf. also supractectal structures.

infructescence:that part of the stem axial system that bears fruits, the grouping or arrangement in which fruits are borne on a plant, cf. inflorescence, see axillary, cauliflorous, ramiflorous, supra-axillary, terminal (general position).
infundibular:e.g. of a polysymmetric corolla, gradually widening from the base to the more or less spreading lobes, generally resembling a funnel, cf. campanulate, rotate, salverform, tubular, urceolate. (funnel-shaped in the image).
ingroup:the clade of immediate interest, cf. outgroup, sister group.
initial:see cambial initials.
initial zone:a part of the shoot apical meristem consisting of slowly-dividing stem cells surrounded by the morphogenetic zone; the initial zone can be divided (different patterns of gene expression) into a centrally-located organizing centre that produces and maintains the stem cells at the summit of the meristem (see Friedman et al. 2004).
inner bark:a non-technical term for the inner part of the bark, specifically the secondary tissues of the phloem, cf. outer bark.
innovation:in plants with intermittent growth, the stem and associated leaves produced during each period of growth.
inolizidine alkaloid:a polyhydroxy alkaloids.
Inositol:[6917-35-7]:Synonyms: (-)-chiro-Inositol, (-)-Inositol, (1R,2R,3S,4R,5S,6S)-cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol, (1s,2R,3R,4s,5S,6S)-cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol, 1,2,3,4,5, 6-Cyclohexanehexol, 1,2,3,4,5,6-Cyclohexanehexol, 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, (1alpha,2alpha,3alpha,4alpha,5beta,6beta),1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, (1alpha,2alpha,3alpha,4beta,5alpha,6beta), 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexol, (1alpha,2alpha,3alpha,4beta,5beta,6beta), 1,2,3,5-trans-4,6-Cyclohexanehexol, cis-,1,2,3,5/4, 6-Cyclohexanehexol,1,2,3,5/4,6-Cyclohexanehexol,1-L-chiro-Inositol,10026409,10026410,1016,15946.11,173524-45-3,17883.9,1D-Chiro-inositol,1D-myo-Inositol,1L-Chiro-inositol,1L-myo-Inositol,32888.20,38876-99-2,4526.2,488-54-0,488-55-1,488-58-4,488-59-5,53319-35-0,551-72-4,576-63-6,643-10-7,643-12-9,6748.2,6917-35-7,7491,87-89-8,AI3-16111,AIDS-014678,AIDS014678,Allo-Inositol,Bios I,C00137,C06152,C06153,CCRIS 6745,chiro-inositol, cis-1,2,3,5-trans-4,6-Cyclohexanehexol,cis-Inositol,Cocositol,Cyclohexanehexol,Cyclohexitol,D-myo-Inositol,Dambose,EINECS 201-781-2,EINECS 207-681-5,EINECS 207-682-0,EINECS 209-000-7,EINECS 211-393-5,EINECS 211-394-0,EINECS 230-024-9,Epi-Inositol,EPIINOSITOL,Hexahydroxycyclohexane,iInosital,Inosite,Inositene,Inositina,inositol,INOSITOL (D),INOSITOL (L),Inositol (VAN),Inositol, allo-,Inositol,cis-,Inositol,epi-,Inositol, i-,Inositol,L-chiro-,INOSITOL,MESO,Inositol,meso-,Inositol,muco-,Inositol, myo-,Inositol,myo- (8CI),Inositol,neo-,Inositol,scyllo-,INS,Insitolum,iso-Inositol,Isoinositol,L-chiro-Inositol,L-Inositol,L-myo-Inositol,Meat sugar,meso-Inositol,Mesoinosit,Mesoinosite,mesoinositol,Mesol,Mesovit,MI,Mouse antialopecia factor,muco-Inositol,Muscle sugar,myo-inositol,Myoinosite,Myoinositol,Neo-Inositol,NISTC87898,NSC 25142,NSC 404118,NSC 8101,NSC103959,NSC127230,NSC25142,NSC404118,NSC45517,NSC55551,NSC55552,NSC55558,NSC8101,NSC8101#NSC404118,Nucite,Phaseomannite,Phaseomannitol,Quercinitol,Rat antispectacled eye factor,Scyllite,Scyllitol,scyllo-Inositol
CAS Type 1 Name:Ethenaminium, N,N,N-trimethyl-, hydroxide (9CI)
Formula:C₆H₁₂O₆.  CAS RN:6917-35-7  Other RN:173524-45-3  M.W.:180.1572 g/mol Melting Point.:224 - 225 deg C

Note:An Isomer of glucose that has traditionally been considered to be a B vitamin although it has an uncertain status as a vitamin and a deficiency syndrome has not been identified in man. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1379) Inositol phospholipids are important in signal transduction.

inosine[58-63-9]:Synonyms:.beta.-D-Ribofuranoside, hypoxanthine-9;.beta.-Inosine;25583-08-8;58-63-9;6H-Purin-6-one, 9-.beta.-D-arabinofuranosyl-1,9-dihydro-;6H-Purin-6-one, 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-1,9-dihydro-;7013-16-3;9-.beta.-D-Ribofuranosylhypoxanthine;9-beta-d-Arabinofuranosyl-1,9-dihydro-6H-purin-6-one;9beta-D-Ribofuranosylhypoxanthine;Ara-HX;Atorel;beta-D-Ribofuranoside, hypoxanthine-9;beta-Inosine;CHEMBANK2932;HXR;Hypoxanthine D-riboside;Hypoxanthine nucleoside;Hypoxanthine ribonucleoside;Hypoxanthine riboside;Hypoxanthine, 9-.beta.-D-arabinofuranosyl-;Hypoxanthine, 9-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl-;Hypoxanthine, 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-;Hypoxanthine, 9-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-;Hypoxanthine-9-D-ribofuranoside;hypoxanthine-ribose;Hypoxanthosine;Ino;INO 495;Inosie;INOSINE;iso-prinosine;NISTC58639;NSC100784;NSC20262;NSC405122;Oxiami;Panholic-L;Pantholic-L;Ribonosine;riboxine;Selfer;Trophicardyl
Chemical Name:9-.beta.-D-Ribofuranosylhypoxanthine  Equivalent Term:Hydrocyanic Acid  Formula:C₁₀-H₁₂-N₄-O₅.  CAS RN:58-63-9 Other RN:12712-98-0;132953-54-9;28861-88-3;4181-51-5 Molecular Weight:268.23 g/mol  Melting Point:218 dec deg C inosine
Note:A purine nucleoside that has hypoxanthine linked by the N9 nitrogen to the C1 carbon of ribose. It is an intermediate in the degradation of purines and purine nucleosides to uric acid and in pathways of purine salvage. It also occurs in the anticodon of certain transfer RNA molecules. (Dorland, 28th ed)
insectivorous:catching and feeding on insects.
inserted:attached to, arising from.
Insulin:a peptide hormone secreted by the b-cells of the pancreas required for normal glucose metabolism.
intectate:a pollen grain lacking a tectum, but with sculpturing.
integument:in general, a covering; specifically one of the layers of tissue that usually cover the ovule, enveloping the nucellus and forming the micropyle where it meets at the apex of the ovule, see endothelium, cf. also antiraphe, chalaza, funicle, embryo sac, raphe.
integumentary tapetum:= endothelium.
inter:- (prefix): between.
intercalary:between two points, thus intercalary growth, extension or growth from an intercalary meristem, i.e. neither from the apex nor the base of the internode, intercalary inflorescence, an inflorescence that either arises in an internodal position, or one that was originally terminal but ceases to be so when vegetative growth subsequently resumes from the stem apex; cf. axillary, leaf-opposed, supra-axillary.
intercalary meristem:an actively-growing region of primary tissue somewhat removed from the apical meristem and occurring between regions of more or less differentiated tissues, e.g. at the base of a monocot leaf, in some internodal regions, etc.
interfascicular cambium:a lateral meristem developing from tissues in the region between the vascular bundles, and, with the fascicular cambium, making up the vascular cambium.
interfascicular region:tissues in the region between the vascular bundles.
intermediate meristem:of a root apical meristem in which cell files giving rise to different tissues trace to the initials at the apex, but the initials are not clonally distinct, cf. closed meristem, open meristem.

internal phloem:primary phloem that is found adaxially or internally to the xylem in the stem, in the leaf manifest as a bicollateral vascular bundle, cf. included phloem, successive cambia, cf. also amphicribral, amphivasal, collateral.
internode:the portion of a stem between the level of insertion of two successive leaves, leaf pairs or leaf whorls, or branches of an inflorescence, i.e. between two nodes.
interpetiolar:e.g. of stipules, between the petioles of two opposite leaves, cf. intrapetiolar, sheathing.
interrupted:e.g. of an inflorescence, having the flowers unevenly distributed along the axis, with conspicuous gaps.
internode:the portion of a stem between the level of insertion of two successive leaves, leaf pairs or leaf whorls, or branches of an inflorescence, i.e. between two nodes.
interxylary phloem:(not used here), bands of phloem alternating with xylem, produced by successive cambia.
intine:the innermost of the major layers of the pollen grain wall, underlies the exine and borders the cytoplasm, not acetolysis resistant and is therefore absent in conventionally prepared palynological material.
intra:- (prefix): borne immediately adaxially or admedially to the structure that this prefix qualifies, e.g. intrastaminal nectaries, nectaries borne on the receptacle between the staminal whorl and the ovary; more loosely, intra- = within.
intragynoecial compitum:= compitum (but this is a loose equivalence), cf. extragynoecial compitum.
intramarginal vein:a continuous more or less looping vein that runs admedially to/inside the leaf blade margin and which joins the secondary veins, a composite vein usually formed by linking parts of secondary veins, as in brochidodromous venation, cf. fimbrial vein.
intrapetiolar:e.g. of stipules, between a petiole and the stem on which they are borne, cf. interpetiolar, sheathing.
intravaginal squamule:= colleter.
intraxylary phloem:a confusing term, = included phloem or internal phloem.
introduced:cf. adventive, native.

intron:part of a gene sequence that is transcribed but not translated, being spliced out before this, cf. exon.
introrse:of anthers, dehiscing adaxially towards the centre of the flower, cf. extrorse, latrorse.
intrusive:pushing into something, e.g. of placentae protruding into the ovary loculus, of endosperm haustoria, pushing into or between cells, or of cell growth, where a cell pushes between neighboring cells that separate along the middle lamella.
intrusive-parietal:of placentation in which the placentae protruding from the margin more or less deeply into the ovary loculus.
intussusception:in cell wall formation, growth by addition of new wall material within previously formed wall, cf. apposition.
Intybin:See Lactucopicrin[6466-74-6].
inulin:a fructan that acts as a storage polysaccharide, yields fructose on hydrolysis, cf. callose, cellulose, hemicellulose, inulin, pectin, starch. Inulin, (C6 H10 O5)n. inulin
Invertase:Synonyms:9001-57-4,EINECS 232-615-7,Fructofuranosidase,beta-, Invertase
involucel:a group of "bracts" surrounding a secondary inflorescence such as the base of an umbellule, or of "bracteoles" surrounding an individual flower, as in Dipsacaceae, although the morphological interpretation of these structures may be a matter of dispute.
involucre:a group of inflorescence bracts surrounding an inflorescence.
involute:of leaf ptyxis, more or less flat, but each margin independently rolled towards the adaxial surface, cf. circinate, conduplicate, conduplicate-flat, conduplicate-involute, conduplicate-plicate, curved, flat, plicate, revolute, supervolute, supervolute-curved, supervolute-involute.
Iodine:Iodine, a non-metallic trace element, is required by humans for the synthesis of thyroid hormones. Iodine deficiency is an important health problem throughout much of the world. Most of the Earth's iodine is found in its oceans. In general, the older an exposed soil surface, the more likely the iodine has been leached away by erosion. Mountainous regions, such as the Himalayas, the Andes, and the Alps, and flooded river valleys, such as the Ganges, are among the most severely iodine deficient areas in the world.
Ion:an atom or group of atoms that carries a positive or negative electric charge as a result of having lost or gained one or more electrons
Ion channel:a protein, embedded in a cell membrane that serves as a crossing point for the regulated transfer of an ion or a group of ions across the membrane.

Iron [7439-89-6]:Iron has the longest and best described history among all the micronutrients. It is a key element in the metabolism of almost all living organisms. In humans, iron is an essential component of hundreds of proteins and enzymes.
Synonyms:Fe +++; Fe +++ ion; Fe(III) ion; Fe(II) ion; Iron; iron +++; IRON, POWDER; Stainless steel; Steel;
Formula:Fe.  Molecular Weight:55.845   CAS RN:7439-89-6   ACX Number:X1002535-7.  Melting Point:1535   Density7.86   Boiling Point:3000 - 3500
iridoids:subclass of terpenoids, monoterpenoids with lactone substitutions (the right half of the diagram below), usually in glycosidic form, in nearly all deoxyloganic acid or epi-deoxyloganic acid is an intermediary, see route I iridoids (including secoiridoids) and route II iridoids (including carboxylated and decarboxylated iridoids).
Iridoid base.
irregular:(of floral symmetry) = = asymmetric, sometimes also used for monosymmetric flowers.
iso:- (prefix): equal in number of parts, in chemical names, refers to an isomer.
Isoacteoside [61303-13-7]:Synonyms:61303-13-7, beta-D-Glucopyranoside, 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl 3-O-(6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)-, 6-(3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoate), (E)-, Isoacteoside
CAS Type 1 Name:beta-D-Glucopyranoside, 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl 3-O-(6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)-, 6-(3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoate), (E)-  CAS RN:61303-13-7  Molecular Formula: C₂₉H₃₆O₁₅  Molecular Weight:624.587 g/mol
Note:Antineoplastic agents, phytogenic
isobifacial:of flattened structures, especially leaves, having both surfaces structurally similar, cf. bifacial, dorsiventral, unifacial.
Isoborneol [10385-78-1]:Chemical Name: Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol, 1,7,7-trimethyl-, (1R,2R)-
Chemical Synonyms:borneol;isoborneol, (1R-endo)-isomer;isoborneol, (1R-exo)-isomer;isoborneol, (1S-endo)-isomer;isoborneol, (1S-exo)-isomer;isoborneol, (endo)-isomer;isoborneol, (endo-(+-))-isomer;isoborneol, (exo)-isomer;1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo(2.2.1)heptan-2-ol;Borneol
Formula: C₁₀ H₁₈O.  Molecular Weight:154.2516   CAS RN:10385-78-1

Isoborneol[124-76-5]:Chemical Synonyms:DL-Isoborneol; exo-2-Bornanol; exo-Borneol; Isobornyl alcohol; Isoborneol; Iso-camphol;
Formula: C₁₀ H₁₈O.  Molecular Weight:154.2516   CAS RN:124-76-5  Melting Point: 214  ACX Number:X1015500-9
Isobutyl gallate[3856-05-1]:Synonyms:EINECS 223-363-9;NSC 147482;
CAS Type 1 Name:Isobutyl gallate  Chemical Name:Isobutyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate
Formula: C₁₁ H₁₄O₅  CAS RN:3856-05-1  Molecular Weight:226.2286
Isobutylgallate

Isochlorogenic acid[534-61-2]::
Synonyms:EINECS 208-603-2; ISOCHLOROGENIC ACID;NSC 407297
Chemical Name:Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid, 3-[[3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-oxo-2-propenyl]oxy]-1,4,5-trihydroxy-, (1S,3R,4S,5R)-
CAS Type 1 Name: (1S-(1alpha,3beta,4beta,5alpha))-3-((3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-1-oxoallyl)oxy)-1,4,5-trihydroxycyclohexanecarboxylic acid
Formula: C₁₆ H₁₈O₉  CAS RN:534-61-2 Molecular Weight:354.3128
isochlorogenicacid
Isocytosine[108-53-2]:Synonyms:108-53-2;2-Amino-3H-pyrimidin-4-one;2-Amino-4(1H)-pyrimidinone;2-Amino-4-hydroxypyrimidine;2-Amino-4-oxypyrimidine;2-Amino-4-pyrimdinol, 2-Amino-4-pyrimidol, 2-Amino-4-pyrimidone, 2-aminopyrimidin-4(3H)-one;2-Aminouracil, 20027343;4 (1H)-Pyrimidinone, 2-amino-;4(1H)-Pyrimidinone, 2-amino-;4(1H)-Pyrimidinone, 2-amino- (9CI);4(3H)-pyrimidinone, 2-amino;4(3H)-Pyrimidinone, 2-amino-;4-Pyrimidinol, 2-amino-;AI3-52238;AIDS-020793;AIDS-045569;AIDS-081807;AIDS020793;AIDS045569;AIDS081807;EINECS 203-592-0;Isocytosine;Isocytosine (VAN);NSC 49118;NSC49118;ZINC00967277
Chemical Name:2-Amino-3H-pyrimidin-4-one  Formula:C₄-H₅-N₃-O.  CAS RN:108-53-2  Molecular Weight:111.1 g/mol

Isoeugenol [97-54-1]:Synonyms:1-Hydroxy-2-methoxy-4-propen-1-yl benzene; 1-hydroxy-2-methoxy-4-propenyl-(cis)benzene; 2-Methoxy-4-(1-propenyl) phenol; 2-Methoxy-4-propenylphenol; 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy-1-propenylbenzene; 4-Propenyl-2-methoxyphenol; 4-Propenylguaiacol; Isoeugenol; Isoeugenol, mixture of cis/trans isomers;
Formula: C₁₀ H₁₂O₂.  Molecular Weight:164.2036   CAS RN:97-54-1   ACX Number:X1007012-9.  Melting Point:64.4.  Boiling Point:507 at 0 mm.  Flashing Point:112.  Density1.08   Refractive Index:1.577   Water Solubility:Slightly soluble icosane
isoflavans:isomeric form of flavones with the most reduced structure of any isoflavonoids that lack hydroxy or ketone groups, i.e. there are no oxygens in the structure; they are common as phytoalexins in Fabaceae.
Isoflavan, C19 H22 O5.
isoflavones:class of flavonoids in which the B ring of flavones is attached to the 3-position (instead of the 2-position).
Base structure, C15 H10 O2.
isoflavone base
Luteone, C20 H18 O6.
luteone
Wighteone, C20 H18 O5.

isoflavonoids:class of flavonoids in which the B ring of flavones is attached to the 3-position (instead of the 2-position) and that lack the 3-hydroxy group of flavonols.
Isofraxidin[486-21-5]::
Synonyms:5-18-04-00332 (Beilstein Handbook Reference);7-Hydroxy-6,8-dimethoxy-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one;BRN 0202652;Coumarin, 7-hydroxy-6,8-dimethoxy-;Isofraxidin;NSC 324637;Phytodolor;Umbelliferone, 6,8-dimethoxy-
Chemical Name:Olean-12-en-28-oic acid, 3-((2-O-(6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl)oxy)-, O-6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl-(1-4)-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester, (3beta)-
CAS Type 1 Name:7-Hydroxy-6,8-dimethoxy-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one;6,8-dimethoxy-7-hydroxy-coumarin;6,8-dimethoxy-7-hydroxycoumarin;7-hydroxy-6,8-dimethoxycoumarin;iso-fraxidin
CAS RN:486-21-5  Formula:C₁₁H₁₀O₅
Note:Antineoplastic agents, phytogenic; Hypnotics and sedatives


Isogentisin[491-64-5]:Synonyms:1,3-Dihydroxy--7-methoxyxanthone;1,3-Dihydroxy-7-methoxy-9H-xanthen-9-one;1,3-Dihydroxy-7-methoxyxanthen-9-one;491-64-5;5-18-04-00497 (Beilstein Handbook Reference);9H-Xanthen-9-one, 1,3-dihydroxy-7-methoxy- (9CI),BRN 0258402,C10070,CCRIS 3969,Isogentisin;Isogentisine;Xanthen-9-one, 1,3-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-;1,3-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-xanthone;1,3-dihydroxy-7-methoxyxanthone;iso-gentisin
Chemical Name:1,3-Dihydroxy-7-methoxy-9H-xanthen-9-one  CAS Type 1 Name:1,3-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-9H-xanthen-9-one
Formula: C₁₄ H₁₀O₅  CAS RN:491-64-5  M.W.:258.226 g/mol
Isogentisin
isorhamnetin [480-19-3]:Synonyms:3,4',5,7-tetrahydroxy-3'-methoxy-flavone;3,4',5,7-tetrahydroxy-3'-methoxyflavone;3-methyl-quercetin;iso-rhamnetin;isorhamnetin;isorhamnetine;3'-Methoxy-3,4',5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone, 3'-Methoxyquercetin;3'-O-Methylquercetin;3,4',5,7-Tetrahydroxy-3'-methoxyflavone;3,5,7-Trihydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4-benzopyrone;3,5,7-Trihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4-benzopyrone, 3,5,7-Trihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one, 3-Methylquercetin, 3-Methylquercetine, 4'-Methoxy-3,3',5,7-tetrahydroxy-flavone, 4'-Methoxyquercetin, 4'-Methylquercetin, 4'-O-Methylquercetin, 480-19-3, 4H-1-Benzopyran-4-one, 2-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-;4H-1-Benzopyran-4-one, 3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-(9CI);4H-1-Benzopyran-4-one, 3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-;4H-1-Benzopyran-4-one, 3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-(9CI);5-18-05-00496 (Beilstein Handbook Reference);603-61-2;AIDS-003060;AIDS003060;BRN 0044723;BRN 0324993;C.I. 75680;C10084;CCRIS 3791;EINECS 207-545-5;EINECS 210-050-7;Flavone, 3'-methoxy-3,4',5,7-tetrahydroxy-;Flavone, 3,3',5,7-tetrahydroxy-4'-methoxy-;FLAVONE, 3,4',5,7-TETRAHYDROXY-3'-METHOXY-;FLAVONE, 4'-METHOXY-3,3',5,7-TETRAHYDROXY-;Flavonoid;Isohamnetin; Isorhamnetin;Isorhamnetol;Quercetin 3'-methyl ether;Quercetin, 4'-methyl ether; Tamaraxetin;Tamarixetin;ZINC00517261
Chemical Name:3-methylquercetin;Flavone, 3,4',5,7-tetrahydroxy-3'-methoxy-;3,5,7-Trihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4-benzopyrone
Chemical Abstracts Service Name:4H-1-Benzopyran-4-one, 3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(4- hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)- (9CI)
CAS RN:480-19-3  Formula:C₁₆H₁₂O₇  M.W.:316.262 g/mol
Isorhamnetin
Comments:A metabolite of quercetin. One of many flavonoids found in red wine. It inhibits xanthine oxidase, which is implicated in oxidative damage to cells. Has anti-tumor promoting activity.
isokestose:oligosaccharides, inulin trisaccharide, the building block of inulin-type fructans; cf. kestose.
1-kestose, C18 H32 O16.
Isoleucine [73-32-5]:Synonyms:2-Amino-3-methylvaleric acid; (2S)-2-Amino-3-methylpentanoic acid; (2S,3S)-(+)-Isoleucine; I; Ile; Isoleucine; L-2-Amino-3-methylvaleric Acid; L-(+)-Isoleucine; L-Isoleucine; L-ISOLEUCINE SIGMA GRADE;
Formula: C₆ H₁₃NO₂.  Molecular Weight:131.1742   CAS RN:73-32-5   ACX Number:X1007037-6   Melting Point:288
isoliquiritigenin:[961-29-5]:Synonyms:(2E)-1-(2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propen-1-one ; 1-(2, 4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one;2',4,4'-Trihydroxychalcone ;2',4',4-trihydroxychalcone; 2-Propen-1-one, 1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-, (E)- ; CCRIS 7676; GU 17 ; Isoliquiritigenin ;6'-deoxychalcone;GU 17;GU-17
CAS Type 1 Name:Chalcone, 2',4,4'-trihydroxy- ; Isoliquiritigenin
Chemical Name:2-Propen-1-one, 1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-, (2E)-
Formula: C₁₅ H₁₂ O₄. CAS RN:961-29-5 MW:256.26

Isolongifolene[1135-66-6]:Synonyms:2H-2,4a-Methanonaphthalene, 1,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydro-1,1,5,5-tetramethyl-;EINECS 214-494-2;Isolongifolene;iso-Longifolene
Chemical Name:(2S)-1,3,4,5,6,7-Hexahydro-1,1,5,5-tetramethyl-2H-2,4a-methanonaphthalene;2H-2,4a-Methanonaphthalene, 1,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydro-1,1,5,5-tetramethyl-, (2S,4aR)-
CAS RN:1135-66-6  Formula:C₁₅H₂₄

Isomartynoside:[519-02-8]:Synonyms:.beta.-D-Glucopyranoside, 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl 3-O-(6-deoxy-.alpha.-L-mannopyranosyl)-6-O-[(2E)-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1-oxo-2-propenyl]-;AIDS-112625; AIDS112625;Isomartynoside
Formula: C₃₁ H₄₀O₁₅  M.W.:652.64 g/mol  IUPAC Name:[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,5-dihydroxy-6-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)ethoxy]-4-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyl-oxan-2-yl]oxy-oxan-2-yl]methyl 3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)prop-2-enoate
Isomers: isomerous:with an equal number of parts in each (floral) whorl, cf. heteromerous.
Isoorientin [4261-42-1]:See Homoorientin [4261-42-1].
Isopelletierine[4396-01-4]:Synonyms:EINECS 224-523-0;(+-)-isomer of isopelletierine;(-)-isomer of isopelletierine;2-acetonylpiperidine
Formula: C₈ H₁₅NO.  CAS RN:4396-01-4  CAS Type 1 Name:1-(2-Piperidinyl)-2-propanone;Pelletierine  Water Solubility:5.00E+04 mg/L at 20 deg C
isopentenyl pyrophosphate:the building unit of terpenes.
Isopentenyl pyrophosphate, C5 H12 O7 P2.
Isopentyl alcohol[123-51-3]:See 3-Methylbutan-1-ol [123-51-3].
Isopimpinellin [482-27-9]:Synonyms:Isopimpinellin;
Formula: C₁₃ H₁₀ O₅.  Molecular Weight:246.219   CAS RN:482-27-9   ACX Number:X1036733-8
isoprene:a volatile unsaturated branched chain five-carbon hydrocarbon that is the basic unit of terpenes, synthesised via the mevalonic acid pathway.
isoquercetin:[482-35-9]:Synonyms:3-Glucosylquercetin;4-18-00-03493 (Beilstein Handbook Reference);BRN 0100989;Glucosyl 3-quercetin;Hirsutrin;Isoquercetin;NSC 115918;Q 5;Quercetin 3-D-glucoside;Quercetin 3-O-glucopyranoside;Quercetin 3-beta-O-glucoside;Quercetin 3-beta-glucoside ;Quercetin 3-monoglucoside ;Quercetin-3-glucoside ; Quercetol 3-glucoside ;Quercetol 3-monoglucoside
CAS Type 1 Name : 4H-1-Benzopyran-4-one, 5,7-dihydroxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-
Formula: C₂₁ H₂₀ O₁₂. CAS RN:482-35-9 MW:464.38
isoquercetin
isoquinoline alkaloids:type of true alkaloid, formed from a precursor of 3,4-dihydroxytyramine (dopamine) linked to an aldehyde or ketone.
Isoquinoline nucleus.
Berberine, C20 H18 N O4.
Hydrastine, C21 H21 N O6.
Papaverine, C20 H21 N O4.

Isosafrole [120-58-1]:Synonyms:1,2-(methylenedioxy)-4-propenylbenzene; 3,4-methylenedioxy-1-propenylbenzene; 4-propenyl-1,2-methylenedioxybenzene; 4-propenylcatechol methylene ether; 5-(1-propenyl)-1,3-Benzodioxole; Isosafrole; Isosafrole (cis-, trans-mixture);
Formula: C₁₀ H₁₀O₂.  Molecular Weight:162.1878   CAS RN:120-58-1   ACX Number:X1005013-8.  Boiling Point:253.  Flashing Point:110.  Density1.12   EPA Code:U141   RTECS:DA5950000 icosane
isothiocyanates:esters of isothiocyanic acid, R=C=S, a.k.a. mustard oils, with a pungent smell and a sharp taste, derived from glucosinolates undergoing an enzymatic reaction (via the enzyme myrosinase) when plant tissue is crushed.
Isothujone:See Thujone.
Isovaleric acid [503-74-2]:See Isovalerianic acid.
Isovalerianic acid [503-74-2]:Synoms:3-Methylbutanoic acid;3-Methylbutyrate;3-Methylbutyric acid;4-02-00-00895 (Beilstein Handbook Reference);AI3-24132;Acetic acid, isopropyl-;BRN 1098522;Butanoic acid, 3-methyl-;Butyric acid, 3-methyl-;Delphinic acid;EINECS 207-975-3;FEMA No. 3102;FEMA Number: 3102;HSDB 629 ;Isobutyl formic acid;Isobutylformic acid;Isopentanoic acid;Isopropylacetic acid;Isovalerianic;Isovalerianic acid;Isovaleric acid;Isovaleric acid (natural);Kyselina isovalerova [Czech];NSC 62783; beta-Methylbutyric acid;3-methyl-butyric acid; 3-methylbutanoic acid; 3-methyl butanoic acid; Isovalerians?ure; Butanoic acid, 3-methyl-; Isovaleric acid; beta-Methylbutyric acid; 3-Methyl-n-butyric acid; 3-Methylbutyric acid; Acetic acid, isopropyl-; Delphinic acid; Isopentanoic acid; Isopropylacetic acid; Isovalerianic acid; 3-Methyl-butanoic acid; 3-Methylbutters?ure; Isopropylessigs?ure; i-Valcrians1
Formula: C₅ H₁₀ O₂.  Molecular Weight:316.3   CAS RN:503-74-2  Melting Point:-30 deg C  Boiling Point:177 deg C  Flashing Point:70 deg C  Water Solubility: 4.07E+04 mg/L at 20 deg C
Isovalerianic acid
isovitexin[38953-85-4]:a glycoflavone.
Synonyms:29702-25-8,38953-85-4,4H-1-Benzopyran-4-one, 6-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)- (VAN),6-C-Glucosylapigenin,6-Glucosylapigenin,61383-34-4,61838-34-4,Apigenin 6-C-glucoside,Apigenin-6-C-glucoside,C01714,Isovitexin,Saponaretin,6-glucosyl-apigenin;6-glucosylapigenin;apigenin 6-C-glucoside
Chemical Name:4H-1-Benzopyran-4-one, 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-6-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-5,7-dihydroxy-
Formula:C₂₁ H₂₀O₉  CAS RN:38953-85-4  Other RN:61383-34-4 61838-34-4 Molecular Weight:416.3836 g/mol
isovitexin

iteroparous:of reproduction, when there are repeated annual/seasonal bouts of flowering, cf. semelparous.

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