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sabinene [3387-41-5]: Synonyms: sabinene, (1R)-isomer;(+)-Sabinene;1-Isopropyl-4-methylenebicyclo[3.1.0]hexane;3387-41-5;4 (10)-Thujene;4(10)-Thujene;Bicyclo(3.1.0)hexane, 4-methylene-1-(1-methylethyl)- (9CI);Bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane, 4-methylene-1- (1-methylethyl)-;Bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane, 4-methylene-1-(1-methylethyl)-;EINECS 222-212-4;NISTC3387415;NSC 407278;NSC407278;Sabenene;Sabinen;Sabinene;Sabinene (beta-Thujene);Thuj-4(10)-ene;THUJENE, 4(10)-
Cas Type 1 Name: Bicyclo(3.1.0)hexane, 4-methylene-1-(1-methylethyl)- (9CI) Substance Name: Sabinene
Formula: C10 H16 CAS RN: 3387-41-5 Molecular Weight: 136.234 g/mol
saccate = pouched.
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saccharose = sucrose .
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saccus/sacci: often hollow wing- or bladder-like extension(s) of the pollen exine .
Safflower yellow: Synonyms: Carthamas Yellow;Safflor Yellow;Safflower Yellow
CAS Type 1 Name: C.I. Natural Yellow 5 Formula: C14 H16 O7 . C24 H30 O15 CAS RN: 1401-20-3 Note: Antihypertensive agents;Dyes; Immunosuppressive agents; Natural Product
Safrole: Synonyms: 1,2-Methylenedioxy-4-Allylbenzene; 1-allyl-3,4-methylenedioxybenzene; 3,4-methylenedioxy-allylbenzene; 3-Allyl-1,2-(methylenedioxy)benzene; m-allylpyrocatechin methylene ether; 4-Allyl-1,2-(methylenedioxy)-benzene; 4-allylcatechol methylene ether; 4-Allyl-procatecol; 4-allylpyrocatechol formaldehyde acetal; 4-allylpyrocatechol methylene ether; 5-(2-propenyl)-1,3-Benzodioxole; 5-allyl-1,3-benzodioxole; Benzodioxole, 5-(2-propenyl)-; Rhyuno; rhyuno oil; Safrene; Safrole; safrole mf; shikimole; shikomol;
Formula: C10 H10 O2 . Molecular Weight: 162.1878 CAS RN: 94-59-7 Melting Point: 11.2
ACX Number: X1004034-3. Density 1.095 Flashing Point: 97 Boiling Point: 232 Water Solubility: Insoluble. <0.1 g/100 mL at 18 C
sagittate: shaped like an arrow-head, cf. acute , attenuate , acumen , apiculum , arista , awn , cuneate , caudate , cuspidate , emarginate , mucronate , muticous , obtuse , retuse , rounded , truncate , cf. also cordate , hastate , oblique , runcinate (esp. of lamina base).
Saikosides[20874-52-6]: The same as Saikosaponin .
Saikosaponin[20874-52-6]: Synonyms: 20874-52-6; AIDS-211407;AIDS211407;beta-D-Galactopyranoside, (3beta,4alpha,16alpha)-13,28-epoxy-16,23-dihydroxyolean-11-en-3-yl 6-deoxy-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl;beta-D-Galactopyranoside, (3beta,4alpha,16alpha)-13,28-epoxy-16,23-dihydroxyolean-11-en-3-yl 6-deoxy-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-;Saikosaponin;Saikosaponin D;Saikosaponins
Chemical Name: beta-D-Galactopyranoside, (3beta,4alpha,16beta)-13,28-epoxy-16,23-dihydroxyolean-11-en-3-yl-6-deoxy-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-
Equivalent Name: saikosaponin A;saikosaponin B;saikosaponin B1;saikosaponin B2;saikosaponin B3;saikosaponin B4;saikosaponin C;saikosaponin D;saikosaponin K;saikosaponin L;saikosaponins
Formula: C42 H68 O13 . Molecular Weight: 780.99 CAS RN: 20874-52-6
Note: Anti-inflammatory agents, non-steroidal;Antineoplastic agents, phytogenic;Antiviral agents;Drug / Therapeutic Agent;Immunosuppressive agents
Salatrim:[64706-27-0] The same as Glycerides .
Salicin[138-52-3]: Synonyms: 2-(Hydroxymethyl)phenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside;AI3-19099;Benzyl alcohol, o-hydroxy-, o-glucoside;EINECS 205-331-6;NSC 5751;SALICIN;Salicine; Salicoside;Salicyl alcohol glucoside;Saligenin beta-D-glucopyranoside;Saligenin-beta-D-glucopyranoside;o-(Hydroxymethyl)phenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside
Chemical Name: B-D-Glucopyranoside, 2-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl;Salicin (6CI,8CI);alpha-Hydroxy-o-tolyl beta-D-glucopyranoside;beta-D-Glucopyranoside, 2-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl
Formula: C13 H18 O7 . Molecular Weight: 286.281 CAS RN: 138-52-3 Other RN: 30370-90-2
Melting Point: 207 deg C log P (octanol-water): -1.22E+00 (none) Water Solubility: 4.00E+04 mg/L at 25 deg C Vapor Pressure: 3.98E-13 mm Hg at 25 deg C Henry's Law Constant: 4.64E-17 atm-m3 /mole at 25 deg C Atmospheric OH Rate Constant: 9.16E-11 cm3 /molecule-sec at 25 deg C
salicoid: a leaf tooth in which the medial vein ends in dark but not opaque persistent spherical callosity, no laterals are involved, perhaps close to a theoid tooth, cf. also begonioid , chloranthoid , cucurbitoid , cunonioid , dillenioid , malvoid , monimioid , platanoid , rosoid , spinose , urticoid , violoid .
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Salicylate: Synonyms: 2-Hydroxybenzoate;2-Hydroxybenzoic acid ion(1-);Salicylate;Salicylate anion;Salicylate ion;o-Hydroxybenzoate;o-Hydroxybenzoate anion
Chemical Name: Benzoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, ion(1-) (9CI);Salicylic acid, ion(1-)
Formula: C7 H5 O3 . CAS RN: 63-36-5
Salicylates: The salts, esters of salicylic acids, or salicylate esters of an organic acid. Some of these have analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.
salicylic acid: orthohydroxybenzoic acid, obtained from the bark of the white willow and wintergreen leaves, its salts are the salicylates.
Synonyms: 2-Carboxyphenol;2-Hydroxybenzenecarboxylic acid;2-Hydroxybenzoic acid;4-10-00-00125 (Beilstein Handbook Reference);AI3-02407;Acido o-idrossibenzoico [Italian];Acido salicilico [Italian];Acidum salicylicum;BRN 0774890;Benzoic acid, 2-hydroxy-;CCRIS 6714;Caswell No. 731;Compound W;Duoplant;EINECS 200-712-3;EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 076602;Freezone;HSDB 672;Ionil;Ionil-Plus;Keralyt;Kyselina 2-hydroxybenzoova [Czech];Kyselina salicylova [Czech];NSC 180;Orthohydroxybenzoic acid;Phenol-2-carboxylic acid;Psoriacid-S-stift;Retarder W;Rutranex;Salicylic acid;Salicylic acid collodion;Salicylic acid soap;Salicylic acid, tech.;Saligel;Salonil;Stri-Dex;Trans-Ver-Sal;Verrugon;o-Carboxyphenol;2-Hydroxybenzoic acid;Keralyt;Occlusal;Salicylic acid;Verrugon;NSC180
Chemical Name: Benzoic acid, 2-hydroxy-;Salicylic acid
Formula: C7 H6 O3 . Molecular Weight: 138.1226 CAS RN: 119-36-8 Other RN: 8052-31-1 7681-06-3 ACX Number: 119-36-8. Melting Point: 159 Boiling Point: 211 at 20 mm Hg Flashing Point: 157
Density 1.44 Vapor Density 4.8
Salidroside:[10338-51-9] The same as Rhodioloside ,or Rhodosin,CAS RN.[10338-51-9].
S-Allylcysteine [21593-77-1]: Synonyms: 20820-68-2, 21593-77-1, CCRIS 7667, L-Cysteine, S-2-propenyl-, NSC96449, S-Allylcysteine
Chemical Name: L-Cysteine, S-2-propenyl-;S-Allylcysteine
Formula: C6 H11 NO2 S. Molecular Weight: 161.223 g/mol CAS RN: 21593-77-1 Other RN: 20820-68-2 Melting Point: 159 Boiling Point: 211 at 20 mm Hg Flashing Point: 157
Salol:[118-55-8] See Phenyl Salicylate .
salverform: e.g. of a polysymmetric corolla , salver-shaped, like the corolla of Primula with a long, slender tube and abruptly expanded flat, spreading limb (rotate in one sense), cf. campanulate , rotate , infundibular , tubular , urceolate .
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samara: a dry, indehiscent fruit, cf. achene , or a mericarp of a schizocarp , with its wall expanded into a wing.
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sand: a microcrystalline form of calcium oxalate , or some other crystalline inclusion, forming a granular mass, cf. druse , raphide , styloid .
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Sanio: see Bars of Sanio .
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Santalene[ 512-61-8]: Synonyms: Santalene
Chemical Name: Tricyclo(2.2.1.0(2,6))heptane, 1,7-dimethyl-7-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-, (-)-
CAS RN: 512-61-8 Formula: C15 H24
Santalol[11031-45-1]: Synonyms: EINECS 234-262-4;FEMA No. 3006;NSC 66445;Santalol (alpha and beta) (natural);Santalol, alpha- and beta-
Chemical Name: Santalol
CAS RN: 11031-45-1 Formula: C15 H24 O M.W: 220.35
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Sapogenol C [595-14-2]: Synonyms: Sapogenol C
Chemical Name: Oleana-12,21-diene-3,23-diol, (3beta,4beta)- CAS RN: 595-14-2 Formula: C30 H48 O2
Saponaretin[38953-85-4]: Synonyms: 29702-25-8, 38953-85-4, 4H-1-Benzopyran-4-one, 6-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)- (VAN), 6-C-Glucosylapigenin, 6-Glucosylapigenin, 61383-34-4, 61838-34-4, Apigenin 6-C-glucoside, Apigenin-6-C-glucoside, C01714, Isovitexin, Saponaretin
Chemical Name: 4H-1-Benzopyran-4-one, 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-8-.beta.-D-glucopyranosyl-5,7-dihydroxy-
Formula: C21 H20 O10 CAS RN: 38953-85-4 Molecular Weight: 432.378 g/mol
Saponarin[20310-89-8]: Synonyms: 20310-89-8, 4H-1-Benzopyran-4-one, 3-((6-O-(6-deoxy-beta-L-mannofuranosyl)-beta-O-galactofuranosyl)oxy)-7-((6-deoxy-beta-L-mannopyranosyl)oxy)-5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-, C08064, Isovitexin-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, Saponarin
Chemical Name: 4H-1-Benzopyran-4-one, 3-((6-O-(6-deoxy-beta-L-mannofuranosyl)-beta-O-galactofuranosyl)oxy)-7-((6-deoxy-beta-L-mannopyranosyl)oxy)-5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-
Formula: C27 H30 O15 CAS RN: 20310-89-8 Molecular Weight: 594.518 g/mol
saponins: water-soluble and sometimes toxic glycosides based on steroid or terpenoid alcohols, become a foam when in solution and then shaken.
Glycyrrhizin, C42 H62 O16.
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sapromyophilous: a kind of entomophilous pollination, flowers pollinated by flies and with a distinctive syndrome (e.g. purplish color, the odour of carrion or of decay in general), cf. cantharophilous , mellitophilous , myophilous , sphigophilous .
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saprophyte: a heterotroph obtaining complex nutrients from the decay of other organisms, usually lacking chlorophyll, cf. hemiparasite , parasite , hyperparasite , mycotroph .
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sapwood: the outer and still functional portion of the wood of a trunk or large root, cf. heartwood .
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sarcotesta: a fleshy testa , or a fleshy layer of the testa (mesotesta), outside the sclerotesta , when the latter is present, cf. also aril , arillode , caruncle , elaiosome .
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sarmentose: a plant with slender runners .
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saturated: e.g. of fatty acids , lacking double bonds,a fatty acid with no double bonds between carbon atoms. cf. unsaturated .
Palmitic acid, C16 H32 O2.
Lauric acid, C12 H24 O2.
Myristic acid, C14 H28 O2.
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scabrate: a term used to describe the pollen surface, ornamented in any way with elements less than 1¦Ìm in all directions, cf. baculate , echinate , fossulate , gemmate , foveolate , pilate , lophate , psilate , reticulate , retipilate , rugulate , striate , verrucose .
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scabrous (= scabrid): rough to the touch, dim. scaberulous, slightly or minutely rough to the touch, minutely scabrous.
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scalariform: having a ladder-like pattern; of a vessel , the end walls having one to many bars across them, cf. simple ; of pits , elongated in outline, cf. bordered , simple , vestured .
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scale: a rather vague term, usually a thin flap of tissue of epidermal origin, e.g. at the base of a stamen in Simaroubaceae.
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scale leaf: a reduced leaf, often ¡À dry, non-photosynthetic, and protective, e.g. surrounding a dormant bud, a budscale (see perulate bud).
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scale: a thin, more or less scarious trichome which is flattened and variously shaped, cf. hair .
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scandent: climbing, see liane or vine .
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scape: the stem-like peduncle of a plant with radical or rosette leaves that lacks leaves along its length, cf. inflorescence axis .
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scarious: dry and membranous in texture, cf. chaffy , chartaceous , coriaceous , papyraceous .
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Scavenge (free radicals): to combine readily with free radicals, preventing them from reacting with other molecules.
Schisandrin A:[61281-38-7] See Schizandrin A
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Schisandrin B:[61281-37-6] See Schizandrin B
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Schisandrin C:[61301-33-5] See Schizandrin C
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Schisandrol A: See Schizandrin
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Schisandrer A: See Gomisin C
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Schisandrer B: See Gomisin B
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Schisandrol B: See Gomisin A
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Schizandrin [7432-28-2] : schizandrol A;wuweizisu A;Schisandrin,Schisandrol A,Schizandrin,Schizandrol A,Wuweizi alcohol A,Wuweizichun A
CAS Type 1 Name: Dibenzo(a,c)cycloocten-6-ol, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,2,3,10,11,12-hexamethoxy-6,7-dimethyl-, stereoisomer
Chemical Name: Dibenzo(a,c)cycloocten-6-ol, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-6,7-dimethyl-1,2 3,10,11,12-hexamethoxy-, stereoisomer Formula: C24 H32 O7 . CAS RN: 7432-28-2
Schizandrin A[61281-38-7] : Synoms: deoxyschisandrin,schisandrin A
CAS Type 1 Name: Dibenzo(a,c)cyclooctene, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,2,3,10,11,12-hexamethoxy-6,7-dimethyl-, stereoisomer
Chemical Name: Schizandrin A,Schisandrin A;Dibenzo(a,c)cyclooctene, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-6,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,10,11,12-hexamethoxy-
Formula: C24 H32 O6 . CAS RN: 61281-38-7
Schizandrin B[61281-37-6] : Synoms: Schisandrin B,Schizandrin B,Wuweizisu B,gamma-Schisandrin,gamma-Schizandrin
CAS Type 1 Name: Benzo(3,4)cycloocta(1,2-f)(1,3)benzodioxole, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,2,3,13-tetramethoxy-6,7-dimethyl-, stereoisomer
Chemical Name: Schizandrin B,gamma-Schizandrin
Formula: C23 H28 O6 . CAS RN: 61281-37-6
Schizandrin C[61301-33-5]: Synoms: Schisandrin C,Schizandrin C,wuweizisu C
Chemical Name: Schisandrin C,Schizandrin C,wuweizisu C
CAS RN: 61301-33-5
Schizandrol B: See Gomisin A
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Schisanhenol[69363-14-0] : Synoms: NSC 330515
CAS Type 1 Name: Dibenzo(a,c)cycloocten-1-ol, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2,3,10,11,12-pentamethoxy-6,7-dimethyl-, stereoisomer
Formula: C23 H30 O6 . CAS RN: 69363-14-0
Schisanhenol B[102681-52-7] : Synoms: Schisanhenol B
CAS Type 1 Name: Benzo(3,4)cycloocta(1,2-f)(1,3)benzodioxol-1-ol, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2,3,13-trimethoxy-6,7-dimethyl-, stereoisomer
Formula: C22 H26 O6 . CAS RN: 102681-52-7
schizo- (prefix): split.
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schizocarp: a dry, dehiscent fruit formed from more than one carpel and breaking apart septicidally into 1-carpellate units (mericarps ) when ripe, these containing one (or more) seeds, cf. capsule , follicle , lomentum .
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schizogenous: of cavities in plants, formed by the separation of cells down their middle lamellae, cf. expansigenous , lysigenous , rhexigenous .
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schopfbaum: of habit , an unbranched woody plant less than about 10 m tall and often with a rather stout trunk and a tuft of large leaves at the top, cf. acaulescent , arborescent , dendroid , frutescent , fruticose , herb , liane , rheophyte , shrub , subshrub , suffrutescent , tree , vine , see also life forms .
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scion: in grafting , the stem of one plant that is variously attached or inserted onto or into the stock .
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sclereid: a dead cell that is a component of sclerenchyma , usually at most moderately elongated but with a strongly lignified wall, cf. fibre , see astrosclereid , brachysclereid , macrosclereid , trichosclereid .
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sclerenchyma: mechanical tissue made up of fibres or sclereids , cf. aerenchyma , collenchyma , parenchyma .
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sclerophyll: with stiff, hard leaves usually with much sclerenchyma, cf. mesophyll .
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scleromorphic: referring to hardness or toughness, especially of leaves (sclerophyll above), whether in respoinse to dry climate or nutrient-poor conditions, cf. xeromorphic .
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sclerotesta: a stony, sclerenchymatous layer of the testa , usually mesotestal in origin and inside the sarcotesta .
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Scoparone [120-08-1]: Synonyms: 6,7-dimethoxycoumarin;6,7-dimethylesculetin;5-18-03-00204 (Beilstein Handbook Reference);6,7-Dimethoxybenzopyran-2-one;6,7-Dimethoxycoumarin;6,7-Dimethylesculetin;Aesculetin dimethyl ether;BRN 0169572;EINECS 204-369-0;Escoparone;Esculetin dimethyl ether;Scoparon;Scoparone
Chemical Name: 6,7-Dimethoxy-2-benzopyrone;6,7-Dimethoxy-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one;Benzopyran-2-one, 6,7-dimethoxy- (9CI);Coumarin, 6,7-dimethoxy- CAS RN: 53681-67-7
Scopoletin:[92-61-5] a coumarin .-Hydroxy-6-methoxycoumarin. Plant growth factor derived from the root of Scopolia carniolica or Scopolia japonica.
Synonyms: 5-18-03-00203 (Beilstein Handbook Reference);6-Methoxy-7-hydroxycoumarin;6-Methylesculetin;6-O-Methylesculetin;7-Hydroxy-6-methoxy-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one;7-Hydroxy-6-methoxycoumarin;BRN 0156296;CCRIS 3592;Chrysatropic acid;EINECS 202-171-9;Escopoletin;Esculetin 6-methyl ether;Gelseminic acid;Murrayetin;NSC 405647;Scopoletin;Scopoletine;Scopoletol;beta-Methylesculetin
CAS Type 1 Name: 2H-1-Benzopyran-2-one, 7-hydroxy-6-methoxy- (9CI);7-Hydroxy-6-methoxycoumarin;Coumarin, 7-hydroxy-6-methoxy-;Scopoletin Chemical Name: 7-Hydroxy-6-methoxy-2H-chromen-2-one
Formula: C10 H8 O4 CAS RN: 92-61-5 Melting Point: 204 needles or prisms from chloroform or acetic acid M.W.: 192.17
scorpioid cyme: a monochasial cymose inflorescence branching alternately from a bracteole/prophyll on one side of a pedicel and then from one on the other side, the flowers being borne in two rows, the whole more or less zig-zag but also coiled like the tail of a scorpion, cf. drepanium , helicoid cyme , rhipidium .
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Scutellarin:[27740-01-8] Synonyms: Scutellarein-7-O-beta-D-glucuronide;Scutellarein-7-glucuronide;Scutellarein-7beta-D-glucuronide;Scutellarein-7beta-D-glucuronoside
CAS Type 1 Name: Flavone, 4',5,6,7-tetrahydroxy-, 7-beta-D-glucopyranuronoside;Scutellarin Chemical Name: 7-Hydroxy-6-methoxy-2H-chromen-2-one
Formula: C21 H18 O12 CAS RN: 27740-01-8 M.W.: 462.36
scutellum: a more or less shield-shaped and absorbtive portion of the embryo or seedling of grasses, probably a modified cotyledon , cf. also coleoptile , coleorhiza , collet , eophyll , epiblast , epicotyl , hypocotyl , mesocotyl , plumule , primary leaf , radicle .
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Sebacic Acid: Synonyms: 1,10-decanedioic acid; 1,8-Octanedicarboxylic acid; Decanedioic acid; n-decanedioic acid; Sebacic Acid;
Formula: C10 H18 O4 . Molecular Weight: 202.2498 CAS RN: 111-20-6 Melting Point: 134.5
ACX Number: X1007519-3. Density 1.21 Flashing Point: 220 Boiling Point: 294.4 at 100 mm Hg Water Solubility: <0.1 g/100 mL at 21 C
secoiridoid: a class of route I iridoid derived from deoxyloganic acid via oxidation to carboxyl at C11 .
Secoiridoid base.
Deutzioside, C15 H22 O9.
Patrinoside, C21 H34 O11.
Secologanin, C17 H24 O10.
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secondary: in pollination, where pollen is presented to the pollinator elsewhere than directly on the anther, see brush presentation , pollen presenter , pump presentation .
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secondary growth: growth caused by the elongation, differentiation and maturation of cells derived from the lateral meristems , cf. primary growth .
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secondary meristem, loosely, =lateral meristems .
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secondary thickening: increase in diameter of the stem because of the activity of the lateral meristems .
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secondary tissue: the differentiated products of lateral meristems .
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secondary wall: that part of the cell wall deposited during late expansion growth of the cells with strengthening, etc., functions, and made up of cellulose fibrils, lignin , etc., cf. middle lamella , plasmodesmata , primary wall .
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secretory (of tapetum ) = glandular .
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secund: with all the parts grouped on one side or turned to one side, applied especially how flowers are held in an inflorescence or stamens in a flower, cf. diffuse , divaricate .
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seed: a propagating organ formed in the reproductive cycle of gymnosperms and angiosperms, derived from the ovule and usually consisting of a protective seed coat (rarely absent) formed from the integument or integuments (see hilum , micropyle , linea fissura ) and enclosing an embryo and often also food reserves (endosperm , primary endosperm or perisperm ), see also aril , arillode , caruncle , coma , elaiosome ("appendages").
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seed coat: covering of seed derived from ovular - mainly integumentary - tissue, but to be used only when not specified more precisely, for which see tegmen and testa .
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seed leaf = cotyledon .
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seedling: the young plant that results from germination of the seed , see apical hook , coleoptile , coleorhiza , collet , cotyledon , eophyll , epiblast , epicotyl , hypocotyl , mesocotyl , plumule , primary leaf , radicle .
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segment: a part or sub-division of a structure.
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Selenium:[7782-49-2] Synonyms: C.I. 77805;CCRIS 4250;CI 77805;Caswell No. 732;Colloidal selenium;EINECS 231-957-4;EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 072001;Elemental selenium;Gray selenium;HSDB 4493;Selen [Polish];Selenate;Selenium;Selenium alloy;Selenium base;Selenium dust;Selenium elemental;Selenium homopolymer;Selenium, colloidal;Selenium, metallic;Vandex
CAS Type 1 Name: Selenium
Formula: Se . CAS RN: 7782-49-2 M.W.: 78.96 Melting Point.: 217 Water Solubility.: insoluble
Description: An element with the atomic symbol Se, atomic number 34, and atomic weight 78.96. It is an essential micronutrient for mammals and other animals but is toxic in large amounts. Selenium protects intracellular structures against oxidative damage. It is an essential component of GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE.A nonmetallic trace element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has the atomic symbol Se, atomic number 34, and atomic weight 78.96. It is an essential mineral, being a constituent of the enzyme glutathione peroxidase, and believed to be closely associated with vitamin E in its functions, but it occurs in toxic levels in several kinds of plants. Dietary deficiency, occurring where the soil has a low selenium content, results in cardiomyopathy. (From Dorland, 27th ed)
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self pollination: pollination of a flower by pollen from the same plant, cf. autogamy , geitonogamy , cf. also allogamy , cross pollination
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semaphyll: any structure, bract , sepal (when the rest of the perianth is inconspicuous), etc., that is modified and forms the part of the flower that attracts the pollinator.
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semelparous: of reproduction, when there is just a single episode of flowering in the life of an individual, cf. iteroparous , cf. more from the point of view of meristem persistence hapaxanthic , monocarpic , pleonanthic , and of plant duration, annual , biennial , ephemeral , perennial .
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semicraspedodromous: pinnate venation , craspedodromous in particular, in which the secondary veins branch just inside the margin, one of the branches terminating at the margin, the other joining the superadjacent secondary vein, cf. simple craspedodromous in particular, also cf. acrodromous , brochidodromous , campylodromous , eucamptodromous .
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semitectate: pollen in which the sexine forms a incomplete roof over the columellae , granules or other infratectal elements, the tectum in outer view often forming a reticulate pattern, cf. atectate , tectate .
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senecionine: a pyrrolizidine alkaloid.
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senescence: age-related processes that signal the beginning of the death of a plant or plant part.
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sepal: a member of the (usually green) outer whorl of non-fertile parts surrounding the fertile organs of a flower, cf. epicalyx , petal , tepal .
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sepaloid: looking like sepals, e.g. of bracts, when green and arranged in a ring beneath a flower.
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septal nectary: a nectary consisting of more or less complexly organised epithelial surface in the septum or septal radius of the ovary in angiosperms, so far known only from monocots.
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septate see septum .
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septicidal: of the dehiscence of a capsule (including schizocarps ), separating down the middle of the septae or partitions between the loculi, cf. circumscissile , loculicidal , poricidal , septifragal .
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septifragal: of the dehiscence of a capsule (including schizocarps ), with the valves or backs of the carpels breaking away leaving the septae intact, cf. circumscissile , loculicidal , poricidal , septicidal .
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septum: a thin partition or membrane that divides cavities or soft masses of tissues, e.g. the ovary loculus, anther sporangia, etc., pl. septa.
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seriate: in rows or whorls, often used as a suffix, as in 2-seriate, biseriate, etc.
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sericeous: of indumentum , silky in appearance, covered with silky hairs, cf. arbuscular , hirsute , hispid , lepidote , puberulous , pubescent , tomentose , T-shaped , villous , see also glabrescent and glabrate , which refer to stages in the loss of these hairs.
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Serine [56-45-1]: Synonyms: 2-amino-3-hydroxypropionic acid; 3-hydroxy-alanine; L-2-Amino-3-hydroxypropionic Acid; L-Serine; L-(-)-serine; L-SERINE SIGMA GRADE; S; Ser; Serine; (S)-(-)-Serine;
Formula: C3 H7 NO3 . Molecular Weight: 105.0932 CAS RN: 56-45-1 ACX Number: X1007062-9. Melting Point: 222
serotinous: of fruits/cones releasing seeds only well after maturity or after burning.
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Serotonin:[50-67-9] 5-hydroxytryptamine. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that also functions as a vasoconstrictor (substance that causes blood vessels to narrow). A biochemical messenger and regulator, synthesized from the essential amino acid L-TRYPTOPHAN. In humans it is found primarily in the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, and blood platelets. Serotonin mediates several important physiological functions including neurotransmission, gastrointestinal motility, hemostasis, and cardiovascular integrity. Multiple receptor families (RECEPTORS, SEROTONIN) explain the broad physiological actions and distribution of this biochemical mediator.
Synonyms: 3-(2-Aminoethyl)indol-5-ol;3-(beta-Aminoethyl)-5-hydroxyindole;5-22-12-00016 (Beilstein Handbook Reference);5-HT;5-Hta;5-Hydroxy-3-(beta-aminoethyl)indole;5-Hydroxytryptamine;Antemoqua;Antemovis;BRN 0143524;Ds substance;EINECS 200-058-9;Enteramine;Hippophain;Serotonin;Serotonine;Substance DS;Substanz DS;Thrombocytin;Thrombotonin;Tryptamine, 5-hydroxy-
Formula: C10 H12 N2 O. Molecular Weight: 176.2176 CAS RN: 50-67-9 Melting Point: 167.5 deg C
serrate: of margins, toothed, with asymmetrical forwardly-pointing teeth , cf. biserrate , crenate , dentate , entire , undulate .
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serrulate: finely serrate.
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Sesamin:[607-80-7] a lignan .
Synonyms: D-(+)-Sesamin;(+)-Segamin;Asarinin;d-Sesamin;Fagarol;Sesamin;Sesamin, (+)-;Sezamin;Tetrahydro-1, 4-bis[3, 4-(methylenedioxy)phenyl]-1H, 3H-furo[3, 4-c]furan;NSC36403;AI3-00811;Asarinin;D-(+)-Sesamin;Episesamin;Fagarol;(+)-Asarinin, (+)-Episesamin, (+)-Sesamin, 1,3-Benzodioxole, 5, 5'- (tetrahydro-1H,3H-furo[3,4-c]furan-1,4-diyl)bis-, [1S-(1.alpha.,3a.alpha.,4.alpha.,6a.alpha.)]-, 1,3-Benzodioxole, 5,5'-(tetrahydro-1H,3H-furo(3,4-c)furan-1,4-diyl)bis-, (1R-(1alpha,3aalpha,4beta,6aalpha))-;1,3-Benzodioxole, 5,5'-(tetrahydro-1H,3H-furo[3,4-c]furan-1,4-diyl)bis-;1,3-Benzodioxole, 5,5'-(tetrahydro-1H,3H-furo[3,4-c]furan-1,4-diyl)bis-, (1alpha,3aalpha,4beta,6abeta)-(+)-;1,3-Benzodioxole, 5,5'-(tetrahydro-1H,3H-furo[3,4-c]furan-1,4-diyl)bis-, [1S-(1alpha,3aalpha,4beta,6aalpha)]-;133-03-9;133-04-0;1H,3H-Furo[3, 4-c]furan, tetrahydro-1,4-bis[3,4- (methylenedioxy)phenyl]-, (1S, 3aR,4S,6aR)-;1H,3H-Furo[3,4-c]furan, 3abeta,4,6,6abeta-tetrahydro-1alpha,4beta-bis[3,4-(methylenedioxy)phenyl]-, (+)-;1H,3H-Furo[3,4-c]furan, tetrahydro-1,4-bis[3, 4-(methylenedioxy)phenyl]-, (+)-, 2,6-Bis(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-3,7-dioxabicyclo(3.3.0)octane;5-[4-(1,3-Benzodioxol-5-yl)tetrahydro-1H,3H-furo[3,4-c]furan-1-yl]-1,3-benzodioxole;607-80-7;7076-24-6;AIDS-051004;AIDS051004;Asarinin;CHEMBANK2285;D-(+)-Sesamin;D-asarinin;d-Sesamin; DESAMIN;Fagarol;Isosesamin;NSC36403;NSC640330;NSC640330#NSC669389;NSC669389;PSEUDO CUBEBIN;S9314;sesamin;Sesamin, (+)-;Sezamin
Chemical Name: 1,3-Benzodioxole, 5,5'-(tetrahydro-1H,3H-furo(3,4-c)furan-1,4-diyl)bis-, (1S-(1alpha,3a alpha,4alpha,6a alpha))- ;1H,3H-Furo(3,4-c)furan, tetrahydro-1,4-bis(3,4-(methylenedioxy)phenyl)-, (1S,3aR,4S,6aR)- (8CI)
CAS RN: 607-80-7 Formula: C20 H18 O6 MW: 354.36 Melting Point: 124 deg C
Note: Anticholesteremic agents;Antihypertensive agents
Seselin [523-59-1] Synonyms: 2H,8H-Benzo(1,2-b:3,4-b')dipyran-2-one, 8,8-dimethyl-;2H,8H-Benzo[1,2-b:3,4-b']dipyran-2-one, 8,8-dimethyl-;2H-1-Benzopyran-6-acrylic acid, 5-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-, delta-lactone;3',4'-Di-O-(-)-camphanoyl-(+)-cis-khellactone;523-59-1;8,8-Dimethyl-2H,8H-benzo(1,2-b:3,4-b')dipyran-2-one;8,8-Dimethyl-2H,8H-pyrano[2,3-f]chromen-2-one;AIDS-006516;AIDS006516;Amyrolin;C09312;Pyranocoumarin deriv.;Seselin;ZINC00265504
Chemical Name: 2H,8H-Benzo(1,2-b:3,4-b')dipyran-2-one, 8,8-dimethyl- CAS RN: 523-59-1 Formula: C14 H12 O3 Molecular Weight: 228.243 g/mol
sesquiterpene lactones: lactones , subclass of C15 terpenoids (= sesquiterpenoids, sesquiterpenes), bitter-tasting and toxic, derived via the mevalonate pathway from three C5 isopentenyl pyrophosphate units.
Xanthinin, C17 H22 O5.
Ambrosanolide, C17 H24 O5.
Eremophilanolide, C15 H22 O2.
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sessile: without a stalk, e.g. a flower without a pedicel , as in a spike , or when applied to a stigma, indicates that the style is absent, the stigma sitting directly on the ovary.
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seta: a bristle or stiff hair, setaceous, setiferous (bearing setae), setose, dim. setulose.
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sexine (Erdtman term): the outer, sculptured layer of the exine , which lies above the nexine , sexine 1, the innermost layer = columellae ; sexine 2 = tectum ; sexine 3 = sculpture elements, .... sexine 5 = outermost layer of the sexine, although usually there are three layers.
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sexual: of reproduction, a plant that produces viable offspring only via fertilisation, see oogamy , cf. apomixis , asexual reproduction , vegetative reproduction .
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sheath: especially of the lower part of a monocot leaf, closely and completely surrounding the stem, see closed , open .
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sheathing: of a stipule that entirely surrounds the stem, "ochreate" in the image, cf. interpetiolar , intrapetiolar .
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shikimic acid: an aromatic carboxylic acid that is a precursor in the biosynthesis of alkaloids and flavonoids .
Shikimic acid, C7 H10 O5.
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shogaol [555-66-8] Synonyms: (6)-Shogaol;4-DECEN-3-ONE, 1-(4-HYDROXY-3-METHOXYPHENYL)-;555-66-8;C10494;CCRIS 2038;Shogaol;[6]-Shogaol
Cas Type 1 Name: Shogaol Chemical Name: 4-Decen-3-one, 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-
Formula: C17 H24 O3 . Molecular Weight: 276.371 g/mol CAS RN: 555-66-8
6-shogaol [555-66-8] See shogaol .
shoot apical meristem (SAM): a group of pluripotent cells at the apex of a stem from which stems, leaves and reproductive structures differentiate, see corpus , tunica (a histological zonation in angiosperms and Gnetales).
short-day: of a photoperiodic response, where short periods of light alternating with long periods of dark are neeeded for flowering to occur (more accurately, a long uninterrupted period of dark), cf. long-day .
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short shoot: a shoot in which the internodes elongate little or at all, bearing reproductive structures and/or leaves, cf. long shoot ; the comparison is often made between axillary shoots.
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shrub: of habit , a woody plant less than five metres high, either without a distinct main axis, or with branches persisting on the main axis almost to its base, cf. acaulescent , arborescent , dendroid , frutescent , fruticose , herb , liane , rheophyte , schopfbaum , subshrub , suffrutescent , tree , vine , see also life forms .
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sieve cell: a conducting cell in phloem tissue of gymnosperms, elongated, nucleate, and not necessarily derived from the same mother cell that produces the closely associated albuminous cell , cf. sieve tube .
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sieve element: a cell in phloem tissue involved in the longitudinal conduction of food materials, see sieve cell , sieve tube .
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sieve plate: an area of the wall of a sieve tube that has larger pores than are found elsewhere on the wall.
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sieve tube: a conducting cell in phloem tissue of angiosperms, that is elongated, enucleate, with P[phloem]-protein , sieve tube plastids and a sieve plate ; derived from the same mother cell that produces the closely associated companion cell , cf. sieve cell .
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sieve tube plastid: a plastid in the sieve tube usually with starchy or proteinaceous inclusions, cf. amyloplast , chromoplast , chloroplast , leucoplast .
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sigmoid: doubly curved in opposite directions like the letter S.
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Silica: Synonyms: AI3-25549;Acticel;Aerogel 200;Aerosil;Aerosil 300;Aerosil 380;Aerosil A 300;Aerosil E 300;Aerosil K 7;Aerosil M-300;Aerosil bs-50;Aerosil-degussa;Amorphous silica dust;Amorphous silica gel;CCRIS 3699;CI 7811;Cab-o-sil M-5;Cabosil N 5;Cabosil st-1;Carplex;Carplex 30;Carplex 80;Caswell No. 734A;Celite superfloss;Chalcedony;Colloidal silicon dioxide;Corasil II;Cristobalite;Diatomaceous earth;Diatomaceous earth, calcined;Dimethyl siloxanes and silicones;Dri-Die;EINECS 231-545-4;ENT 25,550;EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 072605;Extrusil;Fossil flour;Fused silica;Glass;HK 400;Hi-Sil;Hydrophobic silica 2482;Ludox hs 40;Manosil vn 3;Micro-cel;Min-U-sil;N1030;Nalco 1050;Nalfloc N 1050;Neosil;Neosyl;Opal;Pigment White 27;Porasil;Positive sol 130M;Positive sol 232;Quartz;Quso 51;Quso G 30;Santocel;Sg-67;Silanox 101;Silica;Silica (SiO2);Silica particles;Silica, amorphous;Silica, amorphous fused;Silica, colloidal;Silicic anhydride;Silicon dioxide;Silicon dioxide (amorphous);Silicon oxide;Silikil;Sillikolloid;Siloxid;Sipernat;Snowtex 30;Snowtex O;Superfloss;Syton 2X;Tokusil TPLM;Tridymite;U 333;Ultrasil VH 3;Ultrasil VN 3;Vitasil 220;Vulkasil S;Wessalon;White carbon;Zeofree 80;Zipax;Zorbax sil
Chemical Name: CAB-O-SIL N-70TS;Silica;Silica 2482, hydrophobic;Silicon dioxide, chemically prepared
Formula: O2 Si. CAS RN: 7631-86-9 Other RN: 11139-72-3
Note: Silica. Transparent, tasteless crystals found in nature as agate, amethyst, chalcedony, cristobalite, flint, sand, QUARTZ, and tridymite. The compound is insoluble in water or acids except hydrofluoric acid.
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Silicates:[12001-26-2] Synonyms: Fluorophlogopite; Margarite; Mica; Silicates; Soapstone; Zinnwaldite;Abhrak;C 1000;CI 77019;Davenite P 12;HSDB 2539;HX 610;Mica, fluorian;Micatex;Micromica W 1;Muscovite;P 80P;Silicate, mica;Suzorite;Suzorite 60S;Suzorite mica
CAS Type 1 Name: CI 77019,Muscovite mica,mica
Description: The generic term for salts derived from silica or the silicic acids. They contain silicon, oxygen, and one or more metals, and may contain hydrogen. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th Ed)
CAS RN: 12001-26-2
siliceous: containing silica (SiO2 ).
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Silicic Acid:[1343-98-2] Synonyms: Caswell No. 734;Cubosic;EINECS 215-683-2;EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 072602;G 952;H-Ilerit;Hydrosilisic acid;K 320DS;K 60;K 60 (silicate);Mikronisil;Neoxyl ET;Polyorthosilicic acid;Polysilicic acid;Silica acid;Silica gel;Silicic acid hydrate;Silicon hydroxide;Silton TF 06;Sipernat 17;Sipernat 50;Sipernat 50S;Sipernat D 10;Sipernat S;Sizol 030;Vulcasil S/GR;Zeosil 45
CAS Type 1 Name: Silicic acid
Chemical Name: Silicic acid
Description: Hydrated silicon dioxide that occurs in nature. It is insoluble in water or acids except hydrofluoric acid. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
CAS RN: 1343-98-2 Other RN: 12673-75-5; 158296-67-4; 68373-08-0; 84141-05-9; 9063-16-5; 98530-20-2 Related RN: 10193-36-9 (H4SiO4) ; 7699-41-4 (H2SiO3)
Silicon:[12597-37-4] Synonyms: Silicon
CAS Type 1 Name: Silicon
Formula: Si . CAS RN: 12597-37-4 M.W.: 28.086
silicula, siliqua, silique (etc.): a series of terms applied to the septifragal capsules esp. of Brassicaceae, confusing and of no value here.
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Silybin:[22888-70-6] Synonyms: Alepa-forte;Ardeyhepan;Ardeypharm brand of silybin;Cefak brand of silybin;Cefasilymarin;Duopharm brand of silybin;durasilymarin;hepa-loges;Hepa-Merz Sil;HepaBesch;Hepar-Pasc;Heparsyx;Hepatos;Heplant;Hevert brand of silybin;Lagosa;Loges brand of silybin;Merck dura brand of silybin;Merz brand of silybin;Pascoe brand of silybin;silibin;silibinin;Spitzner brand of silybin;Strathmann brand of silybin;Syxyl brand of silybin;7C3MT;EINECS 245-302-5;Flavobin;Flavobin Spofa;NSC 651520;Silibinin
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