Glossary Phytochemicals V!

Online Glossary edited with meticulous attitude and published as convenience for site content reference,including glossaries of related different topics,Glossary Phytochemicals are dedicated to Phytochemicals and phyto derived chemical components.Phytochemicals have been used as drugs for millennia. Hippocrates may have prescribed willow tree leaves to abate fever. Salicin, having anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving properties, was originally extracted from the white willow tree and later synthetically produced become the staple over-the-counter drug called Aspirin!

Glossary Phytochemicals Icon01
Phytochemicals are chemical compounds such as beta-carotene that occur naturally in plants. The term is generally used to refer to those chemicals that may affect health, but are not yet established as essential nutrients.While there is abundant scientific and government support for recommending diets rich in fruits and vegetables, there is only limited evidence that health benefits are due to specific phytochemicals.

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There is evidence from laboratory studies that phytochemicals in fruits and vegetables may reduce the risk of cancer, possibly due to dietary fibers, polyphenol antioxidants and anti-inflammatory effects. Specific phytochemicals, such as fermentable dietary fibers, are allowed limited health claims by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

vaginate:= with a sheath.
Valeric acid[109-52-4]:Synonyms:1-Butanecarboxylic acid;4-02-00-00868 (Beilstein Handbook Reference);AI3-08657;BRN 0969454;Butanecarboxylic acid;EINECS 203-677-2;FEMA No. 3101;HSDB 5390;Kyselina valerova [Czech];NSC 406833;Pentanoic acid;Propylacetic acid;VALERIC ACID, N-;Valerianic acid;Valeric acid;n-Pentanoic acid;n-Valeric acid
Chemical Name:Pentanoic acid;Valeric acid;n-Valeric acid
Formula: C₅ H₁₀O₂.  substance Name:Pentanoic acid;Valeric acid, normal;n-Pentanoic acid   CAS RN:109-52-4  Other RN:12124-87-7  Related RN:19455-21-1 (potassium salt);42739-38-8 (ammonium salt);556-38-7 (zinc salt);6106-41-8 (hydrochloride salt);70268-41-6 (manganese(+2) salt)
Melting Point: -3.40E+01 deg C   Boiling Point: 186.1 deg C   pKa Dissociation Constant: 4.84 (none) at 25 deg C   log P (octanol-water): 1.39 (none)   Water Solubility: 2.40E+04 mg/L at 25 deg C  Vapor Pressure: 0.196 mm Hg at 25 deg C  Henry's Law Constant: 4.72E-07 atm-m³/mole at 25 deg C  Atmospheric OH Rate Constant: 4.11E-12 cm³/molecule-sec at 25 deg C
Valerianic acid [109-52-4]:See Valeric acid.
Valine [72-18-4]:Synoms: 2-Amino-3-methylbutyric acid; 2-Aminoisovaleric acid; L-2-Amino-3-methylbutyric acid; L-Valine; L-(+)-valine; (S)-(+)-Valine; V; Val; Valine; (S)-2-Amino-3-methylbutanoic acid; (S)-2-Amino-3-methylbutyric acid; (S)-Valine; (S)-alpha-Amino-beta-methylbutyric acid; 2-Amino-3-methylbutanoic acid ; 2-Amino-3-methylbutanoic acid (VAN) ; 2-Amino-3-methylbutanoic acid, (S)- ; 2-Amino-3-methylbutyric acid ; 2-Amino-3-methylbutyric acid, (S)- ; Butanoic acid, 2-amino-3-methyl-; Butanoic acid, 2-amino-3-methyl-, (S)-; EINECS 200-773-6; L(+)-alpha-Aminoisovaleric acid; L-Valine; L-alpha-Amino-beta-methylbutyric acid; NSC 76038;Valina [Spanish]; Valine; Valine (VAN) ;Valinum [Latin]
Formula: C₅ H₁₁ N O₂.  Molecular Weight:117.1474   CAS RN:72-18-4 Other RN:16872-32-5 7004-03-7 Melting Point:315 ACX Number:X1007064-3.   Valine Valine
valpotriates:a class of iridoid monoterpenes, triesters of polyalcohols with an iridoid structure and an epoxy group.
Valtrate[18296-44-1]:Synonyms:(7S)-4-Acetoxymethyl-1,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-1alpha,6alpha-bis(isovaleroyl)cyclopent(c)pyran-7-spiro-2-oxiran; 3a,4-Dihydro-3,4-dihydroxyspiro(benzofuran-2(3H),2'-oxirane)-6-methanol 6-acetate 3,4-diisovalerate;4-Acetoxymethyl-1,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-1,6-bis(isovaleryloxy)cyclopenta(c)pyran-7-spiro-2'-oxiran;Baldrisedon;CCRIS 5795;EINECS 242-174-2;Halazuchrome B;Valepotriate;Valtrate;Valtrato [INN-Spanish];Valtrats [German];Valtratum;Valtratum [INN-Latin]
Chemical Name:1,7a-Dihydro-1,6-dihydroxyspiro(cyclopenta(c)pyran-7-(6H),2'-oxirane)-4-methanol 4-acetate 1,6-diisovalerate; Butanoic acid, 3-methyl-, 4-((acetyloxy)methyl)-6,7a-dihydrospiro(cyclopenta(c)pyran-7(1H),2'-oxirane)-1,6-diyl ester, (1S-(1-alpha,6-alpha,7-beta,7a-alpha))-;Valtrate
Formula: C₂₂ H₃₀O₈.  substance Name:Baldrisedon;Valtrate  CAS RN:18296-44-1

valvate:of aestivation, parts meeting edge to edge in the bud, neither overlapping or turned in one direction or another, cf. crumpled, decussate, induplicate, reduplicate, see also imbricate, open.
valve:a portion of an organ that has fragmented; of a capsule, the portions into which the pericarp splits at maturity.
valve:a discrete circular or elongated opening in a dehiscing anther with a little flap associated with it, can also be found in capsules, etc., cf. pore, slit.
VAM:an endomycorrhizal association between a fungus and a plant root where the fungal hyphae form vesicles and arbuscules within the plant cell, see also arbuscular mycorrhiza.
Vanillic Acid:Synonyms:3-Methoxy-4-hydroxybenzoic acid;4-10-00-01459 (Beilstein Handbook Reference);4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid;AI3-19542;Acide vanillique;BRN 2208364;Benzoic acid, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-;EINECS 204-466-8;NSC 3987;NSC 674322;Protocatechuic acid, 3-methyl ester;VA;VA (VAN);Vanillic acid;m-Anisic acid, 4-hydroxy-;p-Vanillic acid
Chemical Name:Benzoic acid, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-; Vanillic acid CAS RN:121-34-6  Formula: C₈H₈O₄   VanillicAcid
Note:A flavoring agent. It is the intermediate product in the two-step bioconversion of ferulic acid to vanillin. (J Biotechnol 1996;50(2-3):107-13).
Vanillin [121-33-5]:Synonyms:3-Methoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde; 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde; Lure-n-kill fly tape; Methylprotocatechuic aldehyde; VAINILLINA; Vanillaldehyde; Vanillic aldehyde; Vanillin;
Formula: C₈ H₈O₃.  Molecular Weight:152.1494   CAS RN:121-33-5   ACX Number:X1001316-8.  Melting Point:81 - 83.  Boiling Point:285.  Flashing Point:147.   Phenol
vascular bundle:aggregations of phloem (usually abaxial in the leaf and towards the outside in the stem) and xylem (vice versa), sometimes with associated transfusion tissue and with a variety of sheaths (mestome sheath, parenchyma sheath, starch sheath), see amphicribral, amphiphloic, amphivasal, bicollateral, collateral, ectophloic (tissue arrangement) and closed, open (potential for development of vascular cambium).
vascular cambium:a lateral meristem developing from the fascicular and interfascicular cambium and which cuts off xylem to the outside and phloem to the inside, with fusiform initials and ray initials, see storied, cf. cork cambium, polyderm.

vascular tissue:conducting tissues made up of xylem and phloem, see also hadrom(e), leptom(e), stereom(e) (the three major parts of such tissue), in the stem often as a vascular cylinder (see also stele), surrounded by the cortex and surrounding the pith, cf. epidermis, ground tissue, periderm.
vegetative cell:the larger cell of the male gametophyte of angiosperms that does not divide further, cf. generative cell, sperm.
vegetative reproduction:a rather confusing term, sometimes referring to reproduction that does not involve the production of seeds (as used here), sometimes to all reproduction that does not involve normal meiosis and fertilisation, i.e. apomixis s.l.
vein:a strand of vascular tissue.
velamen:an often distinctively-thickened water-retaining outer layer of the aerial roots of some epiphytes and epilithic plants, especially monocots, see tilosomes, cf.: exodermis, hypodermis.
venation:the arrangement of veins in a leaf, see palmate, parallel, pinnate (general types), acrodromous, brochidodromous, campylodromous, craspedodromous, dichotomous, eucamptodromous, flabellate, parallelodromous, semicraspedodromous, simple-craspedodromous (particular types), see also fimbrial and intramarginal veins, areoles and paxillate venation.
venter:part of the archegonium, the enlarged basal portion surrounding the egg, cf. archegonial chamber, neck.
ventral:of a lateral organ, of the side towards the subtending axis in early development, so it is sometimes used to refer rather counter-intuitively to the upper surface of a leaf blade, as used here = adaxial, cf. dorsal.
verbascoside:[61276-17-3]:a phenylpropanoid, an ester of caffeic acid, two molecules of which and two sugar molecules being involved.
Synonyms:Acteoside;Verbascoside;Kusaginin;(B864379);NSC603831
Chemical Name:beta.-D-Glucopyranoside, 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl3-O-(6-deoxy-.alpha.-L-mannopyranosyl)-, 4-[(2E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoate]
CAS Type 1 Name:Glucopyranoside, 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl 3-O-(6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)-, 4-(3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoate), (E)-beta-D-
Formula: C₂₉ H₃₆ O₁₅.  Molecular Weight:624.59   CAS RN:61276-17-3 Other RN:22323-52-0 27625-92-9 verbascoside

Verbenone:[80-57-9]:Synonyms:verbenone, (+-)-isomer;verbenone, (1R)-isomer;verbenone, (1S)-isomer;AI3-23127;EINECS 201-292-4;EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 128986;Verbenone
Cas Type 1 Name:4,6,6-Trimethylbicyclo(3.1.1)hept-3-en-2-one  Formula: C₁₀ H₁₄O.  CAS RN:80-57-9
vernation:sometimes considered synonymous with ptyxis, although perhaps more accurately describing the folding of leaves in a bud relative to one another, cf. equitant, ovolute.
vernicose:varnished, as if the surface was varnished.
verrucose:covered with wart-like outgrowths, warted; dim. verruculose, with minute wart-like outgrowths, cf. echinate, muricate, prickly. cf. also (of the pollen surface), with wart-like sexine elements, cf. baculate, echinate, fossulate, gemmate, foveolate, pilate, lophate, psilate, reticulate, retipilate, rugulate, scabrate, striate..
versatile:of anthers, swinging freely about the point of attachment to the filament, which is approximately the middle part of the back, cf. basifixed, dorsifixed, embedded.
vertical:transmission of fungal strains from one plant to another by vegetative reproduction via hyphae that invade the seeds, cf. horizonal.
verticillaster:an inflorescence made up of opposed or whorled dichasial cymes lacking a peduncle, cf. fascicle.
verticillate:(of leaf insertion, etc.) = whorled.
vesicle:a bladder-like sac or cavity filled with gas or liquid.
vessel:a capillary tube formed from a series of dead cells, the vessel elements, in the xylem, the end walls having broken down all or in part and forming scalariform or simple perforation plates, see tylose, cf. tracheid.
vestigial:reduced from the ancestral condition and no longer functional, cf. obsolescent, obsolete, rudimentary.
vestiture:= indumentum.
vestured:of pits, bordered in particular, and more or less lined with small projections or vestures that are branched or not, cf. also scalariform, simple.

vexillum:= standard.
villous:of indumentum, with long, soft hairs, see also Rickett (1954), cf. in particular hirsute, hispid, cf. also arbuscular, lepidote, puberulous, pubescent, sericeous, stellate, strigose, tomentose, T-shaped, see also glabrescent and glabrate, which refer to stages in the loss of these hairs.
vine:of habit, a climbing or twining plant, usually applied to herbaceous climbers, cf. acaulescent, arborescent, dendroid, frutescent, fruticose, herb, liane, rheophyte, suffrutescent, schopfbaum, shrub, subshrub, tree, see also life forms.
Vinegar[8028-52-2:CAS RN:8028-52-2  Vinegar is dilute acetic acid.
Violaxanthin:[126-29-4]:Synonyms:(3S,3'S,5R,5'R, 6S,6'S)-5,6:5',6'-Diepoxy-5,5',6,6'-tetrahydro-beta,beta-carotene-3,3'-diol;126-29-4;5,6:5',6'-Diepoxy-5,5',6,6'-tetrahydro-beta-carotene-3,3'-diol;9-cis-Violaxanthin;all-trans-Violaxanthin;C08614;C13433; Violaxanthin;Zeaxanthin diepoxide
Chemical Name:5,6:5',6'-diepoxy-5,5',6,6'- tetrahydro-beta-carotene-3,3'-diol;zeaxanthin diepoxide
CAS Type 1 Name:(3S,3'S,5R,5'R, 6S,6'S)-5,6:5',6'-diepoxy-5,5',6,6'-tetrahydro-beta,beta- carotene-3,3'-diol
Formula: C₄₀ H₅₆ O₄.  Molecular Weight:600.87 g/mol  Melting Point:208 deg C  CAS RN:126-29-4   Violaxanthin
violoid:a leaf tooth in which the medial vein ends in opaque persistent glanduar termination, no laterals are involved, cf. begonioid, chloranthoid, cucurbitoid, cunonioid, dillenioid, malvoid, monimioid, platanoid, rosoid, salicoid, spinose, theoid, urticoid.
viscid:of a surface, sticky, coated with a thick, syrupy secretion.
viscidium:in Orchidaceae, a viscid part of the rostellum which is clearly defined and removed as part of the pollinarium, serving to attach the pollinaria to an insect or other pollination vector.
viscin threads:very fine threads made up of material of in origin, attaching to pollen grains and causing them to clump together when removed by the pollinator.

viscous:of a liquid, not pouring freely, having the consistency of syrup or honey.
Vitamin:an organic (carbon-containing) compound necessary for normal physiological function that cannot be synthesized in adequate amounts, and must therefore be obtained in the diet.
Vitamin A:[11103-57-4]:Synonyms:2,4,6,8-nonatetraen-1-ol, 3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-, (all-E)-; 3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-2,4,6,8-nonatetraen-1-ol; ACON; afaxin; agiolan; Alphalin; all-trans-retinyl alcohol; all-trans-retinol; all-trans-vitamin a alcohol; anatola; anatola a; anti-infective vitamin; antixerophthalmic vitamin; Aoral; apexol; apostavit; aquasynth; alphasterol; Atars; ATAV; avibon; Avita; avitol; axerol; axerophthol; biosterol; disatabs tabs; chocola a; dofsol; dohyfral a; epiteliol; hi-a-vita; lard factor; nio-a-let; oleovitamin a; ophthalamin; prepalin; Retinol; retrovitamin a; testavol; trans-retinol; vaflol; Vafol; VI-alpha; Vitamin A; Vitamin A1; Vitamin A1 alcohol; Vitamin A alcohol; vitavel a; vitpex; Vogan; vogan-neu;
CAS Type 1 Name:Retinol,Vitamin A
Formula:C₂₀H₃₀O.  CAS RN:11103-57-4 M.W.:123.111 Melting Point.:236.6 Boiling Point.:137 - 138 VitaminA
Description:A water-soluble vitamin of the B complex occurring in various animal and plant tissues. It is required by the body for the formation of coenzymes NAD and NADP. It has PELLAGRA-curative, vasodilating, and antilipemic properties.
Note:Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.
Vitamin A2:[79-80-1]:Synonyms:3,4-didehydroretinol;3-dehydroretinol;vitamin A2, (7-cis)-isomer
CAS Type 1 Name:3,4-Didehydro-all-trans-retinol;3-Dehydoretinol;EINECS 201-226-4;Vitamin A2;all-trans-3,4-Didehydroretinol
Formula:C₂₀H₂₈O.  CAS RN:79-80-1 M.W.:123.111 Melting Point.:< 25 deg C VitaminA2
Vitamin B Complex:[12001-76-2]:CAS Type 1 Name Vitamin B;A group of water-soluble substances including thiamine, riboflavin, niacin (nicotinic acid), niacinamide (nicotinamide), the vitamin B6 group (including pyridoxine, pyridoxal, pyridoxamine), biotin, pantothenic acid, folic acid, possibly para-aminobenzoic acid, inositol, vitamin B12, and possibly choline. (From Dorland, 28th ed);Synoms:Becotin;Betalin;Vitamin B Complex;Vitamin group B
Vitamin B1:See Thiamine.
Vitamin B2:See Riboflavin.
Vitamin B3:See Niacinamide.
Vitamin B4:See Adenine [73-24-5].
Vitamin B5:See Pantothenic Acid [79-83-4].
Vitamin B6:Synonyms:Adermine;EINECS 232-503-8;Vitamin B6;Vitamin H
CAS Type 1 Name:Pyridoxine;PN;Aderoxine;Pyridoxin hydrochloride;Vitamin B6;Pyridoxol;Gravidox   Chemical Name:4,5-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-3-pyridinol
Formula:C₈H₁₁NO₃P.  CAS RN:8059-24-3 M.W.:169.18 Melting Point.:236.6 Boiling Point.:137 - 138 VitaminB6
Description:VITAMIN B 6 refers to several PICOLINES (especially PYRIDOXINE; PYRIDOXAL; & PYRIDOXAMINE) that are efficiently converted by the body to PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, and aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into PYRIDOXAMINE phosphate. Although pyridoxine and Vitamin B 6 are still frequently used as synonyms, especially by medical researchers, this practice is erroneous and sometimes misleading (EE Snell; Ann NY Acad Sci, vol 585 pg 1, 1990). Most of vitamin B6 is eventually degraded to PYRIDOXIC ACID and excreted in the urine.

Vitamin B7:See Biotin [ 58-85-5].
Vitamin B8:See Adenosine phosphate:[61-19-8].
Vitamin B9:See Folic acid:[59-30-3].
Vitamin B11:See Folic acid:[59-30-3].
Vitamin B12:Synonyms:Vitamin B12;Cyanocobalamin;Alphamine; B12; Crystamine; Cyanocobalamin; Cyanoject; Cyomin; Cytamen; Hydrobexan; Rubesol; Rubramin; Rubramin PC; Vitamin B12;Anacobin;Berubigen;Cyano-B12;Cytobion;Depinar;Ducobee;Erythrotin;Hepavis;Megabion;Nagravon;Poyamin;Rubripca;Sytobex;Vibalt;Vitarubin;Vitamin B12;CN-Cbl;Cyanocobalamin
CAS Type 1 Name:Cobinamide, cyanide phosphate 3'-ester with 5,6-dimethyl-1-alpha-D- ribofuranosylbenzimidazole, inner salt; Cyanocobalamin;Vitamin B12  Chemical Name:Vitamin B12
Formula:C₆₃H₈₈Co N₁₄O₁₄P.  CAS RN:68-19-9 M.W.:1355.38 VitaminB12
Description:A cobalt-containing coordination compound produced by intestinal micro-organisms and found also in soil and water. Higher plants do not concentrate vitamin B 12 from the soil and so are a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissues.
Vitamin B13:See Orotic acid :[65-86-1].
Vitamin B15:See Pangamic acid:[13149-69-4].
Vitamin B17:See Laetrile:[1332-94-1].
Vitamin BX[150-13-0]:See PABA:p-Aminobenzoic acid.
Vitamin C:See Ascorbic Acid.
Vitamin D:[1406-16-2]:Synonyms:CCRIS 5813;EINECS 215-797-2;Vitamin D
CAS Type 1 Name:Activated ergosterol;Vitamin D  CAS RN:1406-16-2 VitaminD
Note:Vitamin D. The vitamin that mediates intestinal calcium absorption, bone calcium metabolism, and probably muscle activity. It usually acts as a hormone precursor, requiring 2 stages of metabolism before reaching actual hormonal form. It is isolated from fish liver oils and used in the treatment and prevention of rickets.Any of a group of fat-soluble alcohols important in calcium metabolism in animals to form strong bones and teeth and prevent rickets and osteoporosis.
It is formed by ultraviolet radiation (sunlight) of sterols (see steroid) present in the skin. The most important of these sterols are 7-dehydrocholesterol, formed by metabolic processes in animals, and ergosterol, present in vegetable oils. The action of sunlight on the skin converts these two compounds, respectively, to cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) and ergocalciferol (vitamin D2). Vitamin D is added to margarine, milk, and cereals for the benefit of those who may not get enough sunlight in winter. As little as 5 micrograms each day appear adequate for children. Because the body cannot excrete it, prolonged high intake can cause a toxic reaction including fatigue, nausea, and abnormal calcium accumulation.

Vitamin D2:[50-14-6]:Synonyms:(+)-Vitamin D2;(3-beta,5Z,7E,22E)-9,10-Secoergosta-5,7,10,(19),22-tetraen-3-ol;31316-19-5;50-14-6;7489-18-1;8017-28-5;9,10-Seco(5Z,7E,22E)-5,7,10(19),22-ergostatetraen-3-ol;9,10-Secoergosta-5,7,10(19),22-tetraen-3-beta-ol;9,10-Secoergosta-5,7,10(19),22-tetraen-3-ol, (3.beta.,5Z,7E,22E)-,9,10-Secoergosta-5,7,10(19),22-tetraen-3-ol, (3beta,5Z,7E,22E)-,Activated ergosterol,AIDS-088693,AIDS088693,Buco-D,C05441,Calciferol,Calciferol (TN),Calciferolum,Calciferon 2,Condocaps,Condol,Crystallina,Cycloheanol,4-methylene-3-(2-(tetrahydro-7a-methyl-1-(1,4,5-trimethyl-2-hexenyl)-4(3aH)-indanylidene)ethylidene)-,D-Arthin,D-Tracetten,Daral,Davitamon D,Davitin,De-rat concentrate,Decaps,Dee-Osterol,Dee-Ron,Dee-Ronal,Dee-Roual,Deltalin,Deratol,Detalup,Diactol,Divit urto,Doral,Drisdol,Drisdol (TN),EINECS 200-014-9,Ergocalciferol,Ergocalciferol (JP14/USP),Ergocalciferol [BAN:INN:JAN],Ergocalciferolo [DCIT],Ergocalciferolum [INN-Latin],Ergorone,Ertron,Fortodyl,Geltabs,Geltabs Vitamin D,Haliver,HI-Deratol,HSDB 819,Hyperkil,Infron,Irradiated ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3-beta-ol,Metadee,Mina D2,Mulsiferol,Mykostin,Novovitamin-D,NSC 62792,Oleovitamin D2,Ostelin,Radiostol,Radsterin,Rodine C,Rodinec,Shock-ferol,Sorex C.R.,Sterogyl,Vigantol,Vio-D,Viosterol,Vitamin D2,Vitavel-D
CAS Type 1 Name:Ergocalciferol;Viosterol;Vitamin D2  Chemical Name:Cycloheanol, 4-methylene-3-(2-(tetrahydro-7a-methyl-1-;Ergocalciferol CAS RN:50-14-6  Other RN:31316-19-5 7489-18-1 8017-28-5  Formula:C₂₈H₄₄O.  M.W.:396.648 g/mol  Melting Point:116.5 deg C  Water Solubility:50 mg/L VitaminD2
Note:Vitamin D2 analogs or derivatives. The compounds are used chiefly as oral antirachitic vitamins.Vitamin D2 is derived from fungal and plant sources. Vitamin D2 is also known as ergocalciferol. Its chemical names are 9, 10-seco (5Z, 7E)-5, 7, 10(19), 22-ergostatetraene-3beta-ol and (3 beta, 5Z, 7E, 22E)-9, 10-secoergosta-5, 7, 10(19), 22-tetraen-3-ol. Its molecular formula is C28H44O and its molecular weight is 396.66 daltons. The configuration of the double bonds are notated E for entgegen (from the German, meaning to stand opposite to) or trans, and Z for zusammen (from the German, meaning together) or cis.
Vitamin E:[59-02-9]:Synonyms:(+)-alpha-Tocopherol; (2R,4'R,8'R)-alpha-Tocopherol;(R,R,R)-alpha-Tocopherol;(all-R)-alpha-Tocopherol;2,5,7,8-Tetramethyl-2-(4',8',12'-trimethyltridecyl)-6-chromanol;2H-1-Benzopyran-6-ol, 3,4-dihydro-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-, (2R-(2R*(4R*,8R*)))-;3,4-Dihydro-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol;5,7,8-Trimethyltocol;Almefrol;Antisterility vitamin;Aquasol E;CCRIS 3588;Covi-Ox;Covitol F 1000;D-alpha-Tocopherol;Denamone;E 307;E 307 (tocopherol);E Prolin;E-Oil 1000;E-Vimin;EINECS 200-412-2;Emipherol;Endo E;Eprolin;Eprolin S;Epsilan;Esorb;Etamican;Etavit;Evion;Evitaminum;HSDB 2556;Ilitia;Lan-E;Med-E;NSC 20812;Phytogermine;Profecundin;Rhenogran Ronotec 50;Spavit E;Syntopherol;Tenox GT 1;Tokopharm;Vascuals;Verrol;Vi-E;Viprimol;Vita E;Vitamin E alpha;Vitaplex E;Vitayonon;Viteolin;Viterra E;alpha-Tocopherol;alpha-Tocopherol acid;alpha-Tokoferol;Esorb; etavit; E-vimin; Evion; E-vitamin succinate; Pheryl-E; phytogermine; profecundin; syntopherol; tokopharm; vascuals; Vitamin E; Vita plus E; viteolin;
CAS Type 1 Name:2H-1-Benzopyran-6-ol, 3,4-dihydro-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-((4R,8R)-4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-, (2R)- ;alpha-Tocopherol
Chemical Name: 2H-1-Benzopyran-6-ol, 3,4-dihydro-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-, [2R-[2R*(4R*,8R*)]]-
Formula:C₂₉H₅₀O₂.  CAS RN:59-02-9 M.W.:430.7128 Melting Point.:2.5~3.5 deg C Boiling Point.:350deg C VitaminE
Vitamin H:See Biotin [ 58-85-5].
Vitamin K:[12001-79-5]:A lipid cofactor that is required for normal blood clotting. Several forms of vitamin K have been identified: VITAMIN K 1 (VITAMIN K 1) derived from plants, VITAMIN K 2 (menaquinone) from bacteria, and synthetic naphthoquinone provitamins, VITAMIN K 3 (menadione). Vitamin K 3 provitamins, after being alkylated in vivo, exhibit the antifibrinolytic activity of vitamin K. Green leafy vegetables, liver, cheese, butter, and egg yolk are good sources of vitamin K.
Vitamin K1:[84-80-0]:A family of phylloquinones that contains a ring of 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone and an isoprenoid side chain. Members of this group of vitamin K 1 have only one double bond on the proximal isoprene unit. Rich sources of vitamin K 1 include green plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria. Vitamin K1 has antihemorrhagic and prothrombogenic activity.
CAS Type 1 Name:1,4-Naphthalenedione, 2-methyl-3-(3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2-hexadecenyl)-, (R-(R*,R*-(E)))-  Equivalent Terms:Phylloquinone;Phytomenadione;Phytonadione
VitaminK1
Vitamin K2:Equivalent Terms:Menaquinone  CAS Type 1 Name:[11032-49-8]
Note:A group of substances similar to VITAMIN K 1 which contains a ring of 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinione and an isoprenoid side chain of varying number of isoprene units. In vitamin K 2, each isoprene unit contains a double bond. They are produced by bacteria including the normal intestinal flora.

Vitamin K3:Equivalent Terms:Menadione  CAS Type 1 Name:[58-27-5]
Note:A synthetic naphthoquinone without the isoprenoid side chain and biological activity, but can be converted to active vitamin K2, menaquinone, after alkylation in vivo.
VitaminK3
Vitamin M:See Folic Acid[59-30-3].
Vitexin [3681-93-4]:Synonyms:8-beta-D-Glucopyranosyl-apigenin;Apigenin 8-C-glucoside;EINECS 222-963-8;Flavone, 8-D-glucosyl-4',5,7-trihydroxy-;Vitexin
CAS Type 1 Name:Vitexin;4H-1-Benzopyran-4-one, 5,7-dihydroxy-8-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-
Chemical Name: 4H-1-Benzopyran-4-one, 5,7-dihydroxy-8-.beta.-D- glucopyranosyl-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-
Formula:C₂₁H₂₀O₁₀.  CAS RN:3681-93-4  Other RN:521-33-5  M.W.:432.38 Vitexin    Vitexin
Vitexin rhamnoside [32426-34-9]:Synonyms:EINECS 251-036-0;Vitexin rhamnoside
CAS Type 1 Name:2-(4-((6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)oxy)phenyl)-8-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-5,7-dihydroxy- 4H-1-benzopyran-4-one
Chemical Name:8-glycosyl-apigenin-rhamnoside
Formula:C₂₇H₃₀O₁₄.  CAS RN:32426-34-9   Vitexinrhamnoside
vittae:oil-containing sacs or tubes, as in the fruits of many Apiaceae, sing. vitta.
viviparous:of seeds, germinating before being shed from the parent plant, often also including plants that produce plantlets in the inflorescence.

vochysine:a pyrrolidine alkaloid.

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