Glossary Recipes T!

 
 A spice is a dried seed, fruit, root, bark, leaf, or vegetative substance used in nutritionally insignificant quantities as a food additive for the purpose of flavour, colour, or as a preservative that kills harmful bacteria or prevents their growth.Spices, however, are dried and often ground or grated into a powder.

 
 Many of these substances are also used for other purposes, such as medicine, religious rituals, cosmetics, perfumery or eating as vegetables. For example, turmeric is also used as a preservative; liquorice as a medicine; garlic as a vegetable. In some cases they are referred to by different terms.

 
 Contents: Tamarillo | Taro | Tarragon | Thai yellow chilli | Thompson seedless grapes | Thyme | Tomate verde (tomatillo) | Trout | Tuna | Turnip | Tribulus terrestris | Tall Gastrodia Tuber | Tree Poeny Bark | Tamarix gallica | Tankana | Tecomella undullata | Tephrosia purpurea | Terminalia arjuna | Terminalia bellirica | Terminalia chebula | Tinospora cordifolia | Trigonella foenum-graecum | Trikatu | Triphala | Triticum sativum | Trivanga bhasma | Tylophora indica | Terminalia Arjuna | Terminalia Belerica | Terminalia Chebula | Tinospora Cordifolia |

 
  Tamarillo:Botanical Name:Cyphomandra betacea
A large yellow to red, hard, egg-shaped fruit of an evergreen shrub "Cyphomandra betacea" related to the tomato and kiwi fruit and resembling a giant rosehip, grown in tropical and sub-tropical climates. The flesh is somewhat acid but high in vitamin C and the seeds are edible. It is blanched and peeled before eating and may be used in fruit salads, for jam making and has been used for flavoring yoghurt and cheesecake (also called tomarillo, tree tomato)

 
  Taro:Botanical Name:Colocassia antiquorum
A tropical and sub-tropical tuber of a plant, "Colocassia antiquorum" var. "esculenta", brought from SEA to the Caribbean as a staple food for slaves, hence the alternative name dasheen (= de Chine). The tubers are boiled, baked or roasted and the leaves are also edible [also called dasheen (leaves), coco yam (tubers)].

 
  Tarragon:The French are especially fond of this aromatic, anise-like herb. They often use it to flavor delicately flavored foods like eggs, fish, cheese, and chicken, and it's an indispensable ingredient in sauce bairnaise and in the herb mixture the French call fines herbs. Use it sparingly - a little goes a long way. Frozen tarragon is an excellent substitute for fresh, but use the dried version only in a pinch.

 
  Thai yellow chilli:A pale yellow green chilli with a mild flavor, often stuffed and cooked as a snack

 
  Thompson seedless grapes:Grape grown in enormous quantities in the Central Valley of California, U.S.A. Used to produce a very neutral white wine for stretching blends consisting of select varieties in order to create the so-called "jug" wines made by the bulk producers. Most of the crop goes towards dried grapes, an apt product for the grape known to the rest of the world as the sultana.

 
  Thyme:Botanical Name:Thymus vulgaris
A hardy evergreen low growing sub shrub "Thymus vulgaris" with tiny aromatic leaves and pale lilac flowers. The stalks with leaves attached are used in BG's or bundled up with other herbs to make a faggot of herbs. Alternatively the leaves alone are used fresh or dried in stuffings, sauces, soups, stocks and meat dishes. Fresh sprigs may be used to flavor oil and vinegar.

 
  Tomate verde (tomatillo):Botanical Name:Physalis ixacarpa
The fruit of a plant "Physalis ixacarpa", a relative of the cape gooseberry, resembling a green tomato with a papery husk. Used extensively in Mexican cookery and in the production of salsa verde. It develops flavor when boiled and is an essential ingredient of guacamole (also called tomate con cascara, ground tomato, tomatillo)

 
  Trout:A round, oily fish "Salmo trutta" of the salmon family which is found in both fresh and salt water in a variety of forms varying from a few hundred grams to 35 kg (the American lake trout). The flesh is cream to pink depending on diet and the fish may be cooked in any way although they are generally shallow fried or grilled in Europe. Nowadays extensively farmed as well as being an important game fish.

 
  Tuna:A very large fish with fatty flesh, which can be heavy on the stomach. Its weight can often exceed 60 kilos. In body and color it resembles the bonito, however, the tuna fish is relatively heftier with a shorter snout. It can be bought sliced into steaks and is either grilled, fried or oven baked.

 
  Turnip:Botanical Name:Brassic rapa
A temperate climate biennial plant "Brassic rapa" Rapifera Group grown as an annual for the swollen underground roots which are 2.5 to 7 cm in diameter and round, flat or long and tapering. The hard flesh is white or yellow and the skin white, pink, red or yellow. Young turnips may be eaten raw or pickled; the mature ones are used as a root vegetable. The young leaves are known as turnip tops.

 
  Tribulus terrestris:Botanical Name:Tribulus terrestris L.
English Name:Small Caltrops
Sanskrit / Indian Name:Gokshura
Common Name:Goat's head, Bullhead, stickers,caltrop, tackweed, ground burnut, puncture weed, bullhead, goathead, Mexican sandbur,Puncturevine.Tribulus terrestris is a prostrate annual herb. Its principal constituent is harmine. It is a diuretic drug useful in urolithiasis, dysurea,impotence and kidney dysfunction.
It has tonic and aphrodisiac properties. It is known to increase the quantity of semen and is useful in diseases of the genitourinary tract. The plant and seeds have spasmolytic and cardiotonic activity.
Tribistol is the active ingredient in tribulus terrestris, which may increase the secretion of lutenizing hormone. In turn, lutenizing hormone stimulates the release of testosterone, a powerful muscle-building hormone.

 
  Tall Gastrodia Tuber:Botanical Name:Gastrodia elata BL.(Gastrodia elata Blume;Gastrodia elata BI.)
English Name:Rhizoma Gastrodiae
Common Name:Ming Tianma, BaiLong Cao(White Dragon Grass), Chi Jian Gen(Red Arrow Root);Gastrodia Tuber;Rhizoma Gastrodiae.
The Chinese herb gastrodine may be just as effective as conventional drugs for the treatment of vascular dementia, which occurs in some patients after a stroke. Vascular dementia is the second most common cognitive disorder, after Alzheimer's.

 
  Tree Poeny Bark:Botanical Name:Paeonia suffruticosa Andr. (Fam. Ranunculaceae).
English Name:Moutan Cortex Radix
Common Name:Moutan root bark, Moutan peony,Tree peony root bark,danpi, fendanpi, wood peony,Paeonia suffruticosa Andr,Piney, Chi shao yao (Chinese red sp.), Bai shao yao (Chinese white sp.), Mudan pi (root bark Chinese)
Cultivated in Asia for at least 1200 years, when the first dried flower specimens were received from China they were named Paeonia arborea (tree peony) because it was erroneously assumed that flowers of such size couldn't possibly be produced on bushes. The spectacular blooms can be as much as 12" in diameter (sometimes requiring staking to hold them upright), come in single, semi-double, and fully double-flowered forms, in shades of white, pink, rose, purple and red. These are impressive plants.

 
  Tamarix gallica:Botanical Name:Tamarix gallica
English Name:Tamarisk
Sanskrit / Indian Name:Jhavuka
Tamarix gallica is a gregarious bushy shrub that grows on saline or waterlogged soils or a small tree with pendulous branches when grown on better soils.
Its principal constituents are tamarixin along with traces of its aglocone, tamarixetin. It is used in bleeding disorders like menorrhagia,bleeding in the rectum and epistaxis. It is used in disorders associated with hepatic insufficiency.

 
  Tankana:Sanskrit / Indian Name:Tankana
English Name:Sodium Biborate
It is a good astringent and antiseptic. It is useful in superficial infections, prickly heat, acne, ulcers, etc.

 
  Tecomella undullata:Botanical Name:Tecomella undullata / Tecoma stans / Bignonia undulata
English Name:Rohida Tree
Sanskrit / Indian Name:Rohi, Rohitaka
It is a small tree or a shrub with pale yellow to deep orange flowers and slightly curved fruits with winged seeds. The bark contains tecomin. It is used for liver disorders.

 
  Tephrosia purpurea:Botanical Name:Tephrosia purpurea
English Name:Wild Indigo
Sanskrit / Indian Name:Sarapunkha
It is a polymorphic, perennial herb with glabrous imparipinnate leaves and re-curved pods. It contains rotenone,which possesses insecticidal and insect-repellent properties.

 
  Terminalia arjuna:Botanical Name:Terminalia arjuna
English Name:Arjuna
Sanskrit / Indian Name:Arjuna
Terminalia arjuna is a shade and ornamental tree.
Its principal constituents are b-sitosterol, ellagic acid and arjunic acid.The bark is useful as an anti-ischemic and cardioprotective agent in hypertension and in ischemic heart disease. It also has a tonic effect in cases of cirrhosis of the liver.
It induces a drug-dependent decrease in blood pressure and heart rate. It has been reported to possess protective cardiovascular and hypolipidemic properties. It reduces the level of triglycerides and cholesterol and has been reported to enhance the synthesis of LDL-apoprotein (apoB); it inhibits the oxidation of LDL and accelerates the turnover of LDL-cholesterol in liver. This enhances the elimination of cholesterol from the body. The suppression of hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis by T. arjuna is the mechanism responsible for a significant lowering of beta-lipoproteins-lipids and the recovery of HDL components in hyperlipidemia.

 
  Terminalia bellirica:Botanical Name:Terminalia bellirica / T. belerica
English Name:Belliric Myrobalan
Sanskrit / Indian Name:Kalidruma, Karshaphala, Vibhitaki
Terminalia bellirica is a handsome tree, with characteristic bark and obscurely 5-angled fruits.
Its principal constituents are ß- sitosterol, gallic acid,ellagic acid, ethyl gallate, galloyl glucose, chebulagic acid. The fruit possesses antibacterial properties. It is employed in dropsy,piles and diarrhea. While using herbal eye drops containing T. bellirica,encouraging results have been obtained in cases of myopia, corneal opacity, pterigium, immature cataract, chronic and acute infective conditions. The fruit possesses myocardial depressive activity.

 
  Terminalia chebula:Botanical Name:Terminalia chebula
English Name:Chebulic Myrobalan
Sanskrit / Indian Name:Haritaki
Terminalia chebula is a tree with a rounded crown and spreading branches.
Its principal constituents are chebulagic, chebulinic acid and corilagin. Its fruits have laxative, stomachic, tonic and alterative properties. It is also known as an adaptogen, and hepatoprotective drug.
It acts as a gentle laxative and helps in smooth evacuation. It is an effective purgative and helps in removing toxins and fats from the body, resulting in their reduced absorption.

 
  Tinospora cordifolia:Botanical Name:Tinospora cordifolia
English Name:Tinospora Gulancha
Sanskrit / Indian Name:Guduchi
Tinospora cordifolia is a large, climbing shrub.
Its principal constituents are tinosporine, tinosporide, tinosporaside,cordifolide, cordifol, heptacosanol, clerodane furano diterpene,diterpenoid furanolactone tinosporidine, columbin and b-sitosterol.The stem is used in dyspepsia, fevers and urinary diseases. The plant is used in Ayurvedic rasayanas to improve the immune system and the body's resistance to infections. The bitter principle present shows antiperiodic, antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties.
It is used in general debility, digestive disturbances, loss of appetite and fever in children. It is also an effective immunostimulant.

 
  Trigonella foenum-graecum:Botanical Name:Trigonella foenum-graecum
English Name:Fenugreek
Sanskrit / Indian Name:Medhika, Chandrika
An aromatic annual. The germinating seeds contain pyridoxine, cyanocobalamine,calcium pantothenate, biotin and vitamin C.
Fenugreek is a good source of nicotinic acid. The germinated seeds contain a-galactosidase. The young seeds of the plant contain small amounts of low-molecular weight carbohydrates. The seeds contain 30 per cent protein. It prevents hair fall, contains lecithin and promotes hair growth. The seeds contain four flavonoid components (2 glycosides and 2 aglycones) and two steroidal saponins. An alkaloid,trigonelline, is present in the seeds. The presence of vitamin K in the leaves has been reported. The leaves contain xanthophyll and ß-carotene; they also contain neo-ß-carotene ßand neo-ß-carotene. The leaves are a good source of choline. The seeds are aromatic, carminative, tonic, and galactagogue. It is a mild diuretic and is effective in reducing weight.
They are used externally in poultices for boils, abscesses and ulcers, and internally as emollient for inflammations of the intestinal tract. They find application also in Veterinary medicine, and are used in poultices, ointments and plasters, and form a constituent of 'condition powders' for cattle, horses and sheep.

 
  Trikatu:Sanskrit / Indian Name:Trikatu
A biennial herb, with a tuberous and paired root.It is an Ayurvedic compound preparation containing the fruits of black pepper (Piper nigrum)and long pepper (Piper longum) and the rhizomes of ginger (Zingiber officinalis) in equal proportions. It is prescribed as an essential part of many multi-drug preparations, where its use as a bioavailability enhancer is established.

 
  Triphala:Sanskrit / Indian Name:Triphala
It is a composite herbal preparation containing equal proportions of the fruits of three myrobalans,Emblica officinalis, Terminalia chebula and terminalia bellirica. This preparation is known to be a safe hypoglycemic agent.

 
  Triticum sativum:Botanical Name:Triticum sativum
English Name:Common Wheat, Bread Wheat
Sanskrit / Indian Name:Godhuma, Kumari
An annual grass. Wheat is a good source of mineral nutrients.
It contains significant amounts of iron,phosphorus,magnesium,manganese, copper and zinc; iodine and cobalt are present in trace amounts. Whole wheat is a good source of thiamin and nicotinic acid.Wheat is a rich source of tocopherols with high vitamin-E potency that nourishes and prevents loss of moisture from the skin. The oil is used to tone and soften the lips and has a potent antioxidant activity. This protect the skin from scavenging free-radicals, prevents premature aging and reduces ultra violet rays induced damage. It helps in proper drainage of secretions from the sebaceous and other glands of the skin and thereby helps in preventing black heads.
Wheat germ is reported to contain small quantities of ergosterol and dihydroergosterol. Starch is the principal carbohydrate of wheat;glucose and fructose are present in small amounts. Wheat germ contains hemagglutinating and antitryptic factors. These are destroyed by toasting and autoclaving. The germ also contains three hemoproteins,all possessing peroxidase activity. Cytochrome C has been isolated in crystalline form in a yield of 2mg. per kilogram germ. A nontoxic and anti-esinophilic protein is reported to be present in wheat germ.

 
  Trivanga bhasma:Sanskrit / Indian Name:Trivanga bhasma
It is a calcinated product containing naga (lead), vanga (tin) and yasada (zinc) in equal quantities. It is widely used in Ayurveda for the treatment of impotence and nervous disorders and as a tonic in genitourinary diseases.

 
  Tylophora indica:Botanical Name:Tylophora indica
Sanskrit / Indian Name:Arkapatri
Tylophora alkaloids inhibit cellular immune responses like contact sensitivity to dinitro-flurobenzene and delayed hypersensitivity.

 
  Terminalia Arjuna:Botanical Name:Terminalia Arjuna
Common Name:ARJUNA, ARJUNA HERB, ARJUNA ROOT
Uses : The bark is astringent, sweet, acrid, cooling, aphrodisiac, cardiotonic, urinary astringent, expectorant, alexiteric and is useful in fractures, ulcers, cirrhosis of the lever, hyperhidsis, otalgia and hypertension.

 
  Terminalia Belerica:Botanical Name:Terminalia Belerica
Common Name:BELERIC, BELLIRIC MYROBALAN, BAEHRA
Uses:It is Astringent, Tonic, Expectorant and Laxative. It is used in coughs and sore throat. Its pulp is used in dropsy, piles and diarrhoea. It is also useful in Leprosy, fever and hair care. It is also used in Oxalic acid and preparation if ink.

 
  Terminalia Chebula:Botanical Name:Terminalia Chebula
English Name:MYROBALAN, HARDAD, CHEBULIC MYROBALAN
Uses : It is Astringent, Purgative, Stomachic and Laxative. It is useful in asthma, piles and cough. It is also useful in healing of wounds and scalds. It is used as gargle against inflamation of mucous membrane of mouth. It is used in Tanning of leather and purification of petroleum.

 
  Tinospora Cordifolia:Botanical Name:Tinospora Cordifolia
Common Name:GULANSHE TINOSPARA, GULANCHA TINOSPARA, TINOSPARA, GILOY
Uses : It is Antiperiodic, Antipyretic, Alterative, Diuretic, Anti-inflammatory. It is a contituent of several compound preparations. It is used in fever, urinary disorders, dyspepsia, general debility and urinary diseases. It is also used in treatment of rheumatism and jaundice.

 
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