valepotriates a class of iridoid derivatives which occur in Valerian species.
Vanadyl Sulphate(VOSO4) has been very extensively studied for its insulin-like activity as a blood glucose lowering agent. In other words, vanadyl sulphate dramatically increases glucose uptake by your muscle cells. There are many benefits:
Increased energy for workouts
More rapid recovery following workouts
Muscle glycogen (what glucose becomes when stored in your muscles) is more abundant, thereby providing a protein-sparing effect
This protein-sparing effect provides for better protein synthesis (muscle growth and repair)
Increased storage of muscle glycogen provides a fuller, more dense appearance to your visible muscles
Care must be taken with this substance however. Vanadium can build up in various tissues of the body, especially the kidneys. Tiron (see Tiron) is the only known chelator capable of eliminating this danger, although vitamin c, glutathione and other antioxidants can help.
Vapours Low spirits, depression, hysteria.
variable A condition in a scientific experiment or observation that is subject to change. A variable factor in which change occurs naturally or is made to occur by the investigator is called the independent variable; a variable that changes as a result of change in the independent variable factor is called the dependent variable.
varicose veins enlarged, twisted superficial veins, most commonly observed in the lower extremities and the esophagus.
variety in taxonomy, a classification of a plant or an animal at less than specific rank.
Vascular dementia dementia resulting from cerebrovascular disease, for example a cerebrovascular accident (stroke).
Vascular endothelium the single cell layer that lines the inner surface of blood vessels. Healthy endothelial function promotes vasodilation and inhibits platelet aggregation (clot formation).
vasocontriction decrease in the diameter of blood vessels.
Vasoconstriction narrowing of a blood vessel.
Vasoconstrictor Herbs with vasoldilating agents expand the blood vessels and lower blood pressure. Herbs in this category included fever few, hawthorn and ho-shou-wu.
vasodilation increase in the diameter of blood vessels, relaxation or opening of a blood vessel.
vasomotor pertaining to the nerves having muscular control of the blood vessel walls.
Vegetarian(Products Claim/GNPD) a product is classified as vegetarian if it carries an on-pack claim stating that it is suitable for vegetarians/vegans, or that it is made entirely from vegetarian ingredients. Products that are naturally suitable for vegetarians are not included, unless they make a specific claim to that effect.
vegetation Plants or plant life, in general. The condition of the vegetation around a stream is a good indication of the health of the aquatic environment.
vegetative dystonia involuntary muscle contractions, which can cause twisting, repetitive movements or abnormal posture.
Venery Sexual intercourse.
venous insufficiency impaired circulation in the venous system.
Ventricles the two lower chambers of the heart that pump blood to the body (left) and the lungs (right).
Verdigris Copper acetate, an astringent.
Vermicide Herb that kills intestinal worms. (see anthelmintic.).
vermifuge Same as anthelmintic,an agent for expelling intestinal worms; ; syn. antihelmintic; vermicide.(Example: Kiremarnewali)
Vertebral of or pertaining to a vertebra, one of the twenty three bones that comprise the spine.
vertigo 1. dizziness; 2. true vertigo is the sensation of moving around in space or of having objects move about the person, resulting from a disturbance in equilibratory apparatus.
Vesicant An agent that causes blistering, such as poison ivy.
Vesicle literally a small bag or pouch. Inside a cell, a vesicle is a small organelle surrounded by its own membrane.
Vicariant Refers to species that occupy similar ecological niches but in geographic isolation from each other. Implies a phylogenetic relationship existing between the two species.
Virulent marked by a rapid, severe, or damaging course.
Virus a microorganism, which cannot grow or reproduce apart from a living cell. Viruses invade living cells and use the synthetic processes of infected cells to survive and replicate.
viscera internal organs enclosed within a cavity, esp. the abdominal organs.
Vital Signs The measurable signs of essential bodily functions, such as respiration rate, heart rate, temperature, blood pressure, etc.
vitamin any of a group of organic substances other than proteins, carbohydrates, fats, minerals, and organic salts which are essential for normal metabolism, growth, and development of the body. They act principally as regulators of metabolic processes, usu. as co-factors in enzyme-catalyzed reactions.
Organic food substances present in plants and animals, essential in small quantities for the proper functioning of every organ of the body, and for all energy production. Most are obtained from food, but supplementation is almost always advised, and regarded as critical for athletes in heavy training.
Vitamin/Mineral Fortified(Products Claim/GNPD) products that carry on-pack claims stating that they are fortified with vitamins/minerals, or have added vitamins/minerals.
vitamins A number of unrelated organic substances that are required in trace amounts for the metabolic processes of the body, and which occur in small amounts in many foods.Vitamins are organic compounds that are necessary in small quantities to prevent disease and to participate in regulating the biochemical processes of the body. Some vitamins dissolve in water; these are easily lost when cooking water is discarded. Some are destroyed or impaired by heat; cooking times for foods containing these should be as short as possible. Some are affected by light or oxygen; these must be protected during storage. Prolonged excessive doses of three vitamins -- A, D, and K -- can have toxic effects. Overdoses are unlikely to occur if you rely upon natural sources of these vitamins.
Additionally, four vitamins of the B complex are considered essential nutrients for man: biotin, choline, folic acid, and pantothenic acid. At least two others -- inositol and para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) -- are also known to be important. Foods containing the other B vitamins also contain these.
All natural vitamins are organic food substances found only in living things, that is, plants and animals. With few exceptions the body cannot manufacture or synthesize vitamins. They must be supplied in the diet or in dietary supplements. Vitamins are essential to the normal functioning of our bodies. They are necessary for our growth, vitality, and general well-being.
A lot of people think vitamins can replace food. They cannot. In fact, vitamins cannot be assimilated without ingesting food. That is why we suggest taking them with a meal. Vitamins help regulate metabolism, help convert fat and carbohydrates into energy, and assist in forming bone and tissue.
Vitamin A (Beta Carotene) A fat-soluble vitamin occurring as pre-formed vitamin A (retinol), found in animal origin foods, and provitamin A (carotene), provided by both plant and animal foods. Maintains healthy skin, mucous membranes, eyesight, immune system function, and promotes strong bones and teeth. Vital to the liver's processing of protein. RDA: 5,000 International units. Dietary sources: fish liver oil, liver, eggs, milk and dairy, green and yellow vegetables, and yellow fruits.
Vitamin A (Beta Carotene) is not found in plants: it is manufactured by the human and animal body from pigment substances called carotenes, which are quite common in plants. Carrots and apricots advertise their carotene content by their color, but green plants can be just as rich in these vital pigments.
Vitamin A is essential for night vision, and it promotes healthy skin and mucous membrane. It is important for good bones and teeth, for growth and proper digestion, for the production of red and white corpuscles in the blood, and for lactation. Vitamin A is fat-soluble and is sensitive to oxygen, especially with heat.
Vitamin A is necessary for growth & repair of body tissues; helps maintain smooth, soft disease-free skin; helps protect the mucous membranes of the mouth, nose , throat & lungs, thereby reducing susceptibility to infections; protects against air pollutants; counteracts night-blindness & weak eyesight; aids in bone and teeth formation. Current medical research shows that foods rich in Beta Carotene will help reduce the risk of lung cancer & certain oral cancers. Unlike Vitamin A from fish liver oil, Beta Carotene is non-toxic.
A deficiency of Vitamin A may result in night blindness; increased susceptibility to infections; rough, dry, scaly skin; loss of smell & appetite; frequents fatigue; lack of tearing; and/or defective teeth & retarded gum growth.
The lists of plants following are two kinds: quantitative and alphabetical. The quantitative list presents plants and plant products containing significant amounts of the nutrient involved, in approximate order from highest to lowest content for a given weight. Plants marked with an asterisk (*) contain significantly more of the nutrient than do the unmarked plants. Those marked with a double asterisk (**) contain considerably more than those with a single asterisk. Unless otherwise noted, all items are fresh and unprocessed. Dried fruits are often included without their fresh equivalents because the dried versions weigh considerably less and therefore contain more nutrients than the same weight of fresh fruit.
*Dandelion greens, *yellow dock, *carrots, *lamb's-quarters, *apricots (dried), *turnip greens, pokeweed (young shoots), spearmint, parsley, blue violet (leaves), spinach, sweet potatoes, collards, kale, mustard greens, nettle (young leaves), chard, green amaranth, beet tops, winter cress, watercress, chicory greens, broccoli, elderberries, apricots (fresh), winter cress (buds), papaya, cantaloupe.
Alfalfa, Alpine cranberry, artichoke, bilberries, brier hips, buckwheat, Calendula, cannabis, cowslip (flowers), elecampane (flowers), garlic, Iceland moss, Indian corn, lettuce, lily of the valley (fruit), okra, red currants, rowan (fruit), saffron.
Vitamin A (as Retinyl Palmitate):Function: good and necessary important for support the compeletness of upper skin structure and functions accordingly, necessary for hair grow.
Vitamin B Complex A family of 13 water-soluble vitamins, probably the single-most important factor for the health of the nervous system. They are essential to the conversion of food into energy. When you exercise strenuously, your body quickly burns up its vitamin B supply. A shortage of Bs affects both performance and recovery. High consumption of sugar, caffeine, processed food and alcohol cause depletion. These vitamins are grouped together because of their common source, distribution, and their interrelationship as coenzymes in metabolic processes. The best food source for vitamin B-complex is Brewer's yeast. All must be present together for the B-complex to work. Vitamin B-complex consists of the following vitamins:
Biotin
Choline
Inositol
Vitamin B-1 (thiamine)
Vitamin B-2 (riboflavin)
Vitamin B-3 (niacin)
Vitamin B-5 (pantothenic acid)
Vitamin B-6 (pyridoxine)
Vitamin B-9 (folacin)
Vitamin B-12 (cyanocobalamin)
These vitamins are grouped together because of their common source, distribution, and their interrelationship as coenzymes in metabolic processes. The best food source for vitamin B-complex is Brewer's yeast. All must be present together for the B-complex to work. Vitamin B help to prompt the metabolism of scalp.
Vitamin B1(Thiamin,thiamine) Essential for learning capacity and muscle tone in the stomach, intestines and heart. RDA: 1.4 mg (men), 1.0 mg. (women). Dietary sources: brewer's yeast, wheat germ, blackstrap molasses, whole wheat and rice, oatmeal, most vegetables.
Vitamin B1 (Thiamin) occurs in both plant and animal tissues. It is a vital element in the body's production of energy through the breakdown of carbohydrates, and it takes part in other metabolic reactions. It also appears to be necessary for normal functioning of the nervous system and is involved in the action of the heart. Beriberi is a thiamine deficiency disease. Vitamin B1 is water-soluble and is sensitive to heat.
Vitamin B1 plays a key role in the body's metabolic cycle for generating energy; aids in the digestion of carbohydrates; essential for the normal functioning of the nervous system, muscles & heart; stabilizes the appetite; promotes growth & good muscle tone.
A deficiency of Vitamin B1 may lead to the loss of appetite; weakness & feeling tired; paralysis & nervous irritability; insomnia; loss of weight; vague aches & pains; mental depression & constipation; and/or heart & gastrointestinal problems.
The lists of plants following are two kinds: quantitative and alphabetical. The quantitative list presents plants and plant products containing significant amounts of the nutrient involved, in approximate order from highest to lowest content for a given weight. Plants marked with an asterisk (*) contain significantly more of the nutrient than do the unmarked plants. Those marked with a double asterisk (**) contain considerably more than those with a single asterisk. Unless otherwise noted, all items are fresh and unprocessed. Dried fruits are often included without their fresh equivalents because the dried versions weigh considerably less and therefore contain more nutrients than the same weight of fresh fruit.
*Brewer's yeast, *sunflower seeds, *wheat germ, *rice polish, English walnuts, rice (brown), peas, almonds (dried), black walnuts, soybeans, lima beans, kale, turnip greens, collards, barley, dandelion greens, avocados, raisins, figs (dried), potatoes (baked), watercress, broccoli, cauliflower, dates (dried), pineapple, sweet potatoes (baked), mustard greens, oats, lamb's quarters, oranges, parsnips, spinach, green beans, leaf lettuce.
Most plants contain trace amounts of Vitamin B1.Vitamin B1 can help to low and reduce the dander
Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) An essential co-factor in the enzymatic breakdown of all foodstuffs. Important to cell respiration, good vision, skin and hair. RDA: 1.6 mg. Dietary sources: liver, tongue, organ meats, milk, eggs. The amount found in foods is minimum, making this America's most common vitamin deficiency.
Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) occurs generally in the same foods as vitamin B1. Riboflavin is essential for cell growth and for enzymatic reactions by which the body metabolizes proteins, fats, and carbohydrates. It also helps to maintain healthy skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Vitamin B2 is water-soluble and is sensitive to light but not heat.
Vitamin B2 is necessary for carbohydrate, fat & protein metabolism; aids in the formation of antibodies and red blood cells; maintains cell respiration; necessary for the maintenance of good vision, skin, nails & hair; alleviates eye fatigue; promotes general health.
A deficiency of Vitamin B2 may result in itching and burning eyes; cracks and sores in the mouth & lips; bloodshot eyes; purplish tongue; dermatitis; retarded growth; digestive disturbances; trembling; sluggishness; and/or oily skin.
The lists of plants following are two kinds: quantitative and alphabetical. The quantitative list presents plants and plant products containing significant amounts of the nutrient involved, in approximate order from highest to lowest content for a given weight. Plants marked with an asterisk (*) contain significantly more of the nutrient than do the unmarked plants. Those marked with a double asterisk (**) contain considerably more than those with a single asterisk. Unless otherwise noted, all items are fresh and unprocessed. Dried fruits are often included without their fresh equivalents because the dried versions weigh considerably less and therefore contain more nutrients than the same weight of fresh fruit.
*Brewer's yeast, *almonds (dried), *wheat germ, *rice polish, *sunflower seeds, lamb's quarters, turnip greens, watercress, avocados, broccoli, collards, kale, dandelion greens, apricots (dried), mustard greens, spinach, English walnuts, black walnuts, peas, beet tops, dates (dried), figs (dried), lima beans, green beans, raspberries, barley, cauliflower, leaf lettuce, parsnips, raisins, chard, prunes, rice (brown), sweet potatoes (baked), soybeans.
Most plants contain trace amounts of vitamin B2..
Vitamin B-3 (Niacin) Essential for synthesis of sex hormones, insulin, and other hormones. Effective in improving circulation and reducing blood cholesterol. RDA: 19 mg. (men), 13 mg. (women). Dietary sources: lean meats, poultry, fish and peanuts.
Vitamin B-3 (Niacin) improves circulation and reduces the cholesterol level in the blood; maintains the nervous system; helps metabolize protein, sugar & fat; reduces high blood pressure; increases energy through proper utilization of food; prevents pellagra; and helps maintain a healthy skin, tongue & digestive system.
A deficiency of Niacinamide may result in pellagra, gastrointestinal disturbance, nervousness, headaches, fatigue, mental depression, vague aches & pains, irritability, loss of appetite, insomnia, skin disorders, muscular weakness, indigestion, bad breath, and/or canker sores.
Vitamin B-5 (pantothenic acid) An important stress, immune system and anti-allergy factor. Vital for proper functioning of adrenal glands, where stress chemicals are produced. Promotes endurance. RDA: 10 mg. Dietary sources: organ meats, egg yolks, whole-grain cereals.
Function: It participates in the release of energy from carbohydrates, fats & protein, aids in the utilization of vitamins; improves the body's resistance to stress; helps in cell building & the development of the central nervous system; helps the adrenal glands, and fights infections by building antibodies
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) Essential for the production of antibodies and red blood cells, and the proper assimilation of protein. The more protein you eat, the more B-6 you need! Facilitates conversion of stored liver and muscle glycogen into energy. RDA: 1.8 mg. (men), 1.5 mg. (women). Dietary sources: brewer's yeast, wheat bran, wheat germ, liver, kidney, cantaloupe.
Although small amounts occur in most plant and animal tissues, Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) is still a relatively little-known vitamin, perhaps because recognized deficiency problems are rare. Vitamin B6 takes part in many enzyme reactions and is particularly important for brain and nervous system functions. Vitamin B6 is water-soluble and is sensitive to oxygen and ultraviolet light.
Vitamin B6 is necessary for the synthesis & breakdown of amino acids, the building blocks of protein; aids in fat and carbohydrate metabolism; aids in the formation of antibodies; maintains the central nervous system; aids in the removal of excess fluid of premenstrual women; promotes healthy skin; reduces muscle spasms, leg cramps, hand numbness, nausea & stiffness of hands; helps maintain a proper balance of sodium & phosphorous in the body.
A deficiency of Vitamin B6 may result in nervousness, insomnia, skin eruptions, loss of muscular control, anemia, mouth disorders, muscular weakness, dermatitis, arm & leg cramps, loss of hair, slow learning, and/or water retention.
The following quantitative list presents both plants and plant products containing significant amounts of this nutrient, in approximate order from highest to lowest content for a given weight. Unless otherwise noted, all items are fresh and unprocessed. Dried fruits are often included without their fresh equivalents because the dried versions weigh considerably less and therefore contain more nutrients than the same weight of fresh fruit:
Yeast, blackstrap molasses, wheat bran, wheat germ, soybeans, Indian corn, barley, rice, peanuts, peas (dry), cabbage, potatoes, carrots.
Many other foods contain vitamin B6.
Vitamin B-6 (Pyridoxine HCl) Function: adjust the fatty acid and the synthetic speed of the fatty acid, prompt the re-growth of hair.
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Necessary for normal metabolism of nerve tissue and formation and regeneration of red blood cells. RDA: 3 micrograms. Dietary sources: animal protein. Liver is the best.
There is little or no Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) in plants. That's why strict vegetarians sometimes suffer from pernicious anemia, a disease associated with a deficiency of this vitamin. Vitamin B12 is necessary for proper functioning of body cells, particularly in the nervous system, the bone marrow, and the gastrointestinal tract. It is also involved in the metabolism of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates. Vitamin B12 is water-soluble and is sensitive to light, acids, and alkalis.
Vitamin B12 elps in the formation & regeneration of red blood cells, thus helping prevent anemia; necessary for carbohydrate, fat & protein metabolism; maintains a healthy nervous system; promotes growth in children; increases energy; needed for Calcium absorption.
A deficiency of Vitamin B12 may lead to pernicious anemia, poor appetite, growth failure in children, tiredness, brain damage, nervousness, neuritis, degeneration of spinal cord, depression, and/or lack of balance.
Vitamin B-15 (Pangamic acid) Vitamin B-15 (Pangamic acid) exhibits antioxidant properties, which may help explain why it is so highly touted for its ability to confer protection against urban air pollutants, extend cell life, stimulate increased immune system response, lower blood cholesterol levels, protect the liver from the ravages of alcohol, cure fatigue, ward off hangovers, and assist in the regulation of hormones.
Natural sources for Vitamin B-15 include brewers yeast, whole brown rice, sesame seeds and pumpkin seeds.
There are no known toxic effects from Vitamin B-15, though some users report experiencing nausea initially. This can be avoided by taking Vitamin B-15 with food, preferably the largest meal of the day.
Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid) A critical health-protection nutrient. Body stores are depleted rapidly by drugs, toxins, smoking, exercise and stress. Fortifies the immune system against virus infections, strengthens blood vessels, reduces cardiovascular abnormalities, lowers fat and cholesterol levels, as a natural anaesthetic it reduces many kinds of pain, helps detoxify chemical and metal contaminants found in the air, water and food, slows down lactic acid build-up, helps heal wounds, scar tissue and injuries. Necessary in the formation of connective tissue. RDA: 60 mg, but tolerated in doses exceeding 10,000 mg (10 grams) daily. Dietary sources: citrus fruits, berries, green and leafy vegetables, tomatoes, potatoes.
Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid) is a plant vitamin, occurring to some degree in almost all plants. The body neither makes nor stores vitamin C; a continuous supply must be provided in the food we eat. Normal body cell functioning requires ascorbic acid, as does the formation of healthy collagen (the basic protein of connective tissue), bones, teeth, cartilage, skin, and capillary walls. Vitamin C also promotes the body's effective use of other nutrients, such as iron, B vitamins, vitamins A and E, calcium, and certain amino acids. By promoting the formation of strong connective tissue, it helps to heal wounds and burns. Stress, fever, and infection increase the body's need for vitamin C. Scurvy is a vitamin C deficiency disease. Ascorbic acid is water-soluble and is sensitive to air, heat, light, alkalis, and copperware.
Vitamin C is essential for healthy teeth, gums & Bones; helps heal wounds, scar tissue, & Fractures; prevents scurvy; builds resistance to infection; aids in the prevention & treatment of the common cold; gives strength to blood vessels; aids in the absorption of iron. It is required for the synthesis of collagen, the intercellular "cement" which holds tissues together. It is also one of the major antioxidant nutrients. It prevents the conversion of nitrates (from tobacco smoke, smog, bacon, lunch meats, & some vegetables) into cancer-causing substances. According to Dr. Lines Pauling, the foremost authority on Vitamin C, Vitamin C will decrease the risk of getting certain cancers by 75%.
A deficiency of Vitamin C may lead to soft & bleeding gums, swollen or painful joints, slow-healing wounds & fractures, bruising, nosebleeds, tooth decay, loss of appetite, muscular weakness, skin hemorrhages, capillary weakness, anemia, and/or impaired digestion.
The lists of plants following are two kinds: quantitative and alphabetical. The quantitative list presents plants and plant products containing significant amounts of the nutrient involved, in approximate order from highest to lowest content for a given weight. Plants marked with an asterisk (*) contain significantly more of the nutrient than do the unmarked plants. Those marked with a double asterisk (**) contain considerably more than those with a single asterisk. Unless otherwise noted, all items are fresh and unprocessed. Dried fruits are often included without their fresh equivalents because the dried versions weigh considerably less and therefore contain more nutrients than the same weight of fresh fruit.
**Acerola (fruit), *rose hips, *wild strawberry (leaves), *blue violet (leaves), *parsley, winter cress (buds), wintercress (leaves), blue violet (flowers), pokeweed (young shoots), green pepper, yellow dock, catnip, green amaranth, lamb's-quarters, watercress, nettle (young leaves), broccoli, spearmint, boneset, wild persimmons, turnip greens, kohlrabi, papaya, ground ivy, kale, collards, mustard green, oranges, strawberries, lemons.
Alfalfa, Alpine cranberries, barberries, bear's garlic (leaves), bilberries (also leaves), blackberry (leaves), black currants, elderberries, brooklime, cantaloupe, carrot, cayenne, celery, chickweed, coltsfoot, common Buckthorn (fruit), coriander, English walnuts, garlic, garden raspberries, horseradish, knotgrass, lance-leaf plantain, lettuce, nasturtium (leaves), onions, oregano, primrose (leaves), radishes, rowan (fruit), scurvy grass, sorrel, spinach, spruce (young tips), sundew, wormwood.
Vitamin D A fat-soluble vitamin, acquired through sunlight or diet. Aids the body in utilisation of vitamin A, calcium and phosphorus. Helps maintain stable nervous system and normal heart action. RDA: 400 International units. Dietary sources: fish-liver oils, sardines, salmon, tuna, milk and dairy.
Vitamin D does not occur in plants, but some plants do contain compounds called sterols, which can be irradiated with ultraviolet light to make vitamin D. Yeast and fungi, for example, are major sources of ergosterol, which is irradiated artificially to make commercial vitamin D. The human skin contains another sterol, which is converted to vitamin D by the ultraviolet part of sunlight; unfortunately, modern life means relatively little exposure to sunlight for most people, besides daily bathing with soap which removes the skin's oil. Other natural sources are fish liver oils, milk, and egg yolk. Processed milk is generally fortified with additional vitamin D.
Vitamin D improves absorption and utilization of Calcium and Phosphorous; required for bone and teeth formation; maintains a stable nervous system and normal heart action.
A deficiency of Vitamin D may lead to rickets, tooth decay, softening of bones, improper healing of fractures, lack of vigor, muscular weakness, and/or inadequate absorption of calcium, retention of phosphorous in the kidneys.
Vitamin D is necessary for healthy bones and teeth, for proper assimilation and body balances of calcium and phosphorus, and for preventing rickets. It is fat-soluble and is not sensitive to heat, light, or oxygen.
Vitamin E (Tocopherol) This fat-soluble vitamin is an active anti-oxidant retarding free-radical damage, as well as protecting oxidation of fat compounds, vitamin A, and other nutritional factors in the body. Important to cellular respiration, proper circulation, protection of lungs against air pollution, and prevention of blood clots. Helps alleviate leg cramps and "charley horse." RDA: 15 International units (men), 12 (women). Dietary sources: wheat germ, cold-pressed vegetable oils, whole raw seeds and nuts, soybeans.
Vitamin E (Tocopherol) occurs in both plant and animal tissue, more abundantly in the former. As an antioxidant, it acts in the body to protect red blood cells, vitamin A, and unsaturated fatty acids from oxidation damage. It also appears to help maintain healthy membrane tissue. In experiments with rats, vitamin E was found necessary for fertility. Vitamin E is fat-soluble and is sensitive to oxygen, alkalis, and ultraviolet light.
Vitamin E is a major anti-oxidant nutrient; retards cellular aging due to oxidation; supplies oxygen to the blood which is then carried to the heart and other organs; thus alleviating fatigue; aids in bringing nourishment to cells; strengthens the capillary walls & prevents the red blood cells from destructive poisons; prevents & dissolves blood clots; has also been used by doctors in helping prevent sterility, muscular dystrophy, calcium deposits in blood walls and heart conditions.
A deficiency of Vitamin E may lead to a rupture of red blood cells, loss of reproductive powers, lack of sexual vitality, abnormal fat deposits in muscles, degenerative changes in the changes in the heart and other muscles; and/or dry skin.
The lists of plants following are two kinds: quantitative and alphabetical. The quantitative list presents plants and plant products containing significant amounts of the nutrient involved, in approximate order from highest to lowest content for a given weight. Plants marked with an asterisk (*) contain significantly more of the nutrient than do the unmarked plants. Those marked with a double asterisk (**) contain considerably more than those with a single asterisk. Unless otherwise noted, all items are fresh and unprocessed. Dried fruits are often included without their fresh equivalents because the dried versions weigh considerably less and therefore contain more nutrients than the same weight of fresh fruit.
Sunflower oil, cottonseed oil, wheat germ oil, walnuts, corn oil, wheat germ, peanuts, olive oil, Brazil nuts, soybean oil, broccoli, spinach, asparagus, dandelion greens, oatmeal, pecans, apples.
Much research is needed to determine the vitamin E content of plants other than the usual foods. Generally, it is found in whole grains and their oils, green leaves, and seeds.
It is a major anti-oxidant nutrient; retards cellular aging due to oxidation; supplies oxygen to the blood which is then carried to the heart and other organs; thus alleviating fatigue; aids in bringing nourishment to cells; strengthens the capillary walls & prevents the red blood cells from destructive poisons; prevents & dissolves blood clots; has also been used by doctors in helping prevent sterility, muscular dystrophy, calcium deposits in blood walls and heart conditions.
Biotin (Vitamin H,D-Biotin ): Function: It aids in the utilization of protein, folic acid, Pantothenic acid, and Vitamin B-12, and promotes healthy hair.
A member of the B complex vitamin family essential for metabolism of fat, protein, and vitamins C and B-12. It helps alleviate muscle pains, eczema, dermatitis. No RDA. Dietary sources: egg yolk, liver, whole rice, brewer's yeast..biotin, is a member of the B complex; it was first isolated in 1935 from dried egg yolk, and its structure was established in 1942. Biotin is usually found attached to a lysine residue in certain enzymes, where it participates in reactions involving the transfer of carboxyl (-COOH) groups; one such reaction is essential for the synthesis of fatty acids.
Vitamin K(Koagulation) This vitamin is implicated in proper blood clotting. It is synthesised in the intestinal flora. Because it is fat-soluble, it has the potential for toxicity if taken in large doses. There is no established RDA.
Vitamin K occurs primarily in plants; it is also synthesized by intestinal bacteria in the small intestine. Vitamin K is necessary for the synthesis by the liver of the blood clotting enzyme prothrombin. It is fat-soluble and is sensitive to light, oxygen, strong acids, and alcoholic alkalis.
The following quantitative list presents both plants and plant products containing significant amounts of this nutrient, in approximate order from highest to lowest content for a given weight. Unless otherwise noted, all items are fresh and unprocessed. Dried fruits are often included without their fresh equivalents because the dried versions weigh considerably less and therefore contain more nutrients than the same weight of fresh fruit:
Alfalfa, green leafy vegetables, soybean oil, cauliflower, tomatoes.
VO2Max Maximum Volume of Oxygen consumed per unit of time. In scientific notation, a dot appears over the V to indicate "per unit of time." cf. maximal oxygen uptake.
volatile oils generic name for a heterogeneous class of low-boiling, usu. fat-soluble, low molecular weight plant constituents which includes low molecular weight terpenes, polyketides, and aliphatic compounds; syn.: essential oils.
Vulnerary Promotes healing of wounds,Wound healer.An herb used in treating fresh cuts and wounds, usually used as a poultice.
A healing substance.Herbs with vulnerary properties are used to help promote the healing of wounds, cuts and abrasions. some used are aloe vera, black walnut, burdock, capsicum,comfrey, fenugreek, flaxseed, garlic, gentian, goldenseal, honey,hops, horsetail,licorice, mullein,marshmallow,oatstraw,plantain leaves,turmeric and slippery elm.
Claims:
Information presented this site meant for nutritional benefit and as an educational starting point only, for use in maintenance and promotion good health in cooperation with a common knowledge base reference...Furthermore,it based solely on the traditional and historic use or legend of a given herb from the garden of Adonis. Although every effort has been made to ensure its accurate, please note that some info may be outdated by more recent findings and developments!
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